著者

大野 宏 Hiroshi Ohno

出版者

電気通信大学

巻号頁・発行日

2009-03-24

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2008

著者

Yutaka MAKIZAKI Ayako MAEDA Miyuki YAMAMOTO Saya TAMURA Yoshiki TANAKA Shunji NAKAJIMA Hiroshi OHNO

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.145-151, 2020 (Released:2020-07-28)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 7

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Recent studies of metformin, the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, have reported the involvement of gut microbiota in the mechanism underlying its antihyperglycemic effect. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of diarrhea and bloating, which are adverse effects of metformin, are unclear, and these effects decrease the quality of life of metformin-receiving patients with diabetes. In this study, we focused on the effects of metformin on gut microbiota. Namely, we examined the effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1), which has the ability to improve dysbiosis, on the changes in gut microbiota and occurrence of soft feces (increased fecal water content) during the administration of metformin. The results showed that coadministration of BBG9-1 and metformin suppressed metformin-mediated changes in the gut microbiota and, thus, soft feces. Meanwhile, BBG9-1 did not influence the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin. Based on these results, we believe that BBG9-1, which could improve gut microbiota, suppresses metformin-induced soft feces without influencing the drug’s antihyperglycemic effect.

著者

Hiroshige Tateuchi Toshihiko Yoneda Takahiro Tanaka Hitoshi Kumada Masahiro Kadota Hiroshi Ohno Kazunari Tanaka Jun Yamaguchi

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.49-55, 2006 (Released:2006-07-26)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 5

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the postural control of the initiation of lateral step and step-up motions in healthy young adults (24.3 ± 1.8 years: mean ± SD). The tasks involved the lateral step (step lengths, 10 cm and 20 cm) and lateral step-up motions (10-cm high stool; step lengths, 10 cm and 20 cm). The variables for analysis included motion duration (weight-shift phase and swing phase), shifts of the center of pressure (CoP) and the center of gravity (CoG), displacement and inclination of the shoulder and the pelvis, and root mean square electromyographic amplitude of the erector spinae, gluteus medius (GM) and adductor longus (AL) bilaterally. The CoP shift toward the stepping side was larger in the step-up task than in the step task, and it was smaller when both tasks were performed in the long lengths. The CoG shift toward the supporting side and the displacements of the shoulder and pelvis were larger in the step-up task than in the step task. However, the magnitude of GM activity of the supporting leg was larger in the step task than in the step-up task, and increased when both tasks were performed in the long lengths. In the stepping leg, the magnitude of AL activity was larger in the step-up task than in the step task, and decreased when both tasks were performed in the long lengths. These results suggest that GM activity of the supporting leg and AL activity of the stepping leg control the shift of CoG in the frontal plane. Our results indicate that the increase in GM activity does not depend on the height of stepping but on the length of stepping in lateral step and step-up motions.

著者

大野 宏 Hiroshi Ohno

出版者

電気通信大学

巻号頁・発行日

2009-03-24

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Although the number of crimes in Japan has decreased since 2003, it is over2,000,000 per year now. In the U.S. and Europe, theoretical studies mainly fromthe aspect of crime-prevention have been proceeding. For example, the crimeprevention through environmental design (CPTED)theory, the crime opportunitytheory, the broken windows theory and other theories were published.On the other hand, security companies have promoted research anddevelopment of alarm systems including various sensors in order to detect anintruder into an office or home. However crime cannot be absolutely avoided inadvance even now.In this paper, shoplifters’ behavior analysis and shoplifting detection are studied.First, reports published by public institutions are surveyed. Second,crime-prevention theories are studied. Third, retired policepersons andplain-clothes security agents against shoplifting were interviewed. Fourth, theexisting measures against shoplifting are surveyed, and their effects andproblems are showed.The existing measures against shoplifting face many problems, and a drasticsolution to shoplifting is required seriously. Therefore, the feasibility of thesystem which effectively identifies shoplifters by itself is studied in this paper.Specifically, the method for identifying shoplifters by using visitors’ behaviorhistories, sales records and camera images is formulated.The following two systems related to visitors’ behavior histories are studied inthis paper. 1) Image processing system using general-purpose cameras 2) IR sensor array systemThe system of 1) had been implemented in a real retail store for 6 months, andvisitors’ behavior histories were checked manually. As a result, the capture ratewas approximately 90 %. Using this system, residence time when purchasing orshoplifting has been measured.In case of 2), behavioral records are measured by the voltage data detected fromthe IR sensor array. The experiment shows that sensors should be fixed on aceiling by bus arrangement. Specifically, up to about 10 sensors can beconnected in a bus line, and the interval between sensors should beapproximately 50 cm.The technique to analyze all recorded image has been applied to the seriouscrime such as homicide. A result of research shows that the method formulatedin this paper is well practicable. If the method formulated here is used, it is mucheasier to check security camera images every day, and undiscovered shopliftingmay be founded. The time for checking security camera images is between 17minutes and 33 minutes per day on the assumption of the following conditions.1) Residence time when purchasing or shoplifting: 10 seconds2) Passing time in front of one commercial product: 1 second3) The number of visitors: 2,000 per dayUsing the method formulated here, employee pilferage which has been missedcan be detected by analyzing whole data recorded all through the day. If a facerecognition system is integrated to the method formulated here, a salesclerk canbe alerted that a shoplifter comes to the shop. Also, if the system detectingshoplifting by behavior pattern matching is put into practice in the future, it willbe possible to detect shoplifting without shoplifters’ criminal records.