著者

Fumiaki Fujibe Nobuo Yamazaki Mitsugi Katsuyama Kenji Kobayashi

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.41-44, 2005 (Released:2005-04-21)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

78 86

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Long-term changes of precipitation intensity were analyzed using a dataset which was recently compiled by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). After some quality check, data of four-hourly, daily, and hourly precipitation at 46, 61, and 8 stations, respectively, were used for the period 1898-2003 on the condition that data for at least 80 years were usable in each month. As the measure of precipitation intensity, ten categories were defined so as to equate the total precipitation amount in each month at each station. The result is characterized by increase of precipitation in high categories, namely intense precipitation, and decrease in low categories. The linear trend for the highest and lowest categories is ±20-30% per century. This feature is found invariably for four-hourly, daily, and hourly precipitation, and qualitatively for all the seasons and regions.

著者

Marcos Fernando Basso Karoline Estefani Duarte Thais Ribeiro Santiago Wagner Rodrigo de Souza Bruno de Oliveira Garcia Bárbara Dias Brito da Cunha Adilson Kenji Kobayashi Hugo Bruno Correa Molinari

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21.0407a, (Released:2021-06-12)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

8

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The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used for genome editing in several organisms, including higher plants. This system induces site-specific mutations in the genome based on the nucleotide sequence of engineered guide RNAs. The complex genomes of C4 grasses makes genome editing a challenge in key grass crops like maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Brachiaria spp., switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Setaria viridis is a diploid C4 grass widely used as a model for these C4 crop plants. Here, an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 binary vector that exploits the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) system was used to knockout a green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene in S. viridis accession A10.1. Transformation of embryogenic callus by A. tumefaciens generated ten glufosinate-ammonium resistant transgenic events. In the T0 generation, 60% of the events were biallelic mutants in the gfp transgene with no detectable accumulation of GFP protein and without insertions or deletions in predicted off-target sites. The gfp mutations generated by CRISPR/Cas9 were stable and displayed Mendelian segregation in the T1 generation. Altogether, the system described here is a highly efficient genome editing system for S. viridis, an important model plant for functional genomics studies in C4 grasses. Also, this system is a potential tool for improvement of agronomic traits in C4 crop plants with complex genomes.

著者

Marcos Fernando Basso Karoline Estefani Duarte Thais Ribeiro Santiago Wagner Rodrigo de Souza Bruno de Oliveira Garcia Bárbara Dias Brito da Cunha Adilson Kenji Kobayashi Hugo Bruno Correa Molinari

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.227-238, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

8

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The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used for genome editing in several organisms, including higher plants. This system induces site-specific mutations in the genome based on the nucleotide sequence of engineered guide RNAs. The complex genomes of C4 grasses makes genome editing a challenge in key grass crops like maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Brachiaria spp., switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Setaria viridis is a diploid C4 grass widely used as a model for these C4 crop plants. Here, an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 binary vector that exploits the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) system was used to knockout a green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene in S. viridis accession A10.1. Transformation of embryogenic callus by A. tumefaciens generated ten glufosinate-ammonium resistant transgenic events. In the T0 generation, 60% of the events were biallelic mutants in the gfp transgene with no detectable accumulation of GFP protein and without insertions or deletions in predicted off-target sites. The gfp mutations generated by CRISPR/Cas9 were stable and displayed Mendelian segregation in the T1 generation. Altogether, the system described here is a highly efficient genome editing system for S. viridis, an important model plant for functional genomics studies in C4 grasses. Also, this system is a potential tool for improvement of agronomic traits in C4 crop plants with complex genomes.

著者

Kenji Kobayashi Yoshiki Masuyama Kohei Yatabe Yasuhiro Oikawa

出版者

ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

Acoustical Science and Technology (ISSN:13463969)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.5, pp.261-269, 2021-09-01 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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Phase recovery is a methodology of estimating a phase spectrogram that is reasonable for a given amplitude spectrogram. For enhancing the signals obtained from the processed amplitude spectrograms, it has been applied to several audio applications such as harmonic/percussive source separation (HPSS). Because HPSS is often utilized as preprocessing of other processes, its phase recovery should be simple. Therefore, practically effective methods without requiring much computational cost, such as phase unwrapping (PU), have been considered in HPSS. However, PU often results in a phase that is completely different from the true phase because (1) it does not consider the observed phase and (2) estimation error is accumulated with time. To circumvent this problem, we propose a phase-recovery method for HPSS using the observed phase information. Instead of accumulating the phase as in PU, we formulate a local optimization model based on the observed phase so that the estimated phase remains similar to the observed phase. The analytic solution to the proposed optimization model is provided to keep the computational cost cheap. In addition, iterative refinement of phase in the existing methods is applied for further improving the result. From the experiments, it was confirmed that the proposed method outperformed PU.

著者

Fumiaki FUJIBE Nobuo YAMAZAKI Kenji KOBAYASHI

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.1033-1046, 2006 (Released:2007-01-22)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

43 59

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Long-term changes in the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitation in Japan were analyzed using quality checked daily precipitation data at 51 stations from 1901 to 2004. The analysis is based on ten categories defined from precipitation intensity and frequency, and some indices of heavy precipitation, such as ≥100 mm days, the annual maximum, and the top 100 cases during the 104 years. The result indicates that heavy precipitation based on these indices has increased during the 104 years. The linear trend of precipitation corresponding to the upper 10% is 2.3% per decade, and that of the number of top 100 cases is 2.6% per decade on the average over the stations. The increase is most pronounced in western Japan and in autumn, while weak, but similar signals are found in other regions and seasons as well. However, no increasing trend is found for less intense precipitation, such as ≥50 mm days and the number of top 1000 cases.Analysis was also made for 5, 11, and 31 day precipitations, and some indices of dry weather. It is found that the frequency of dry weather has increased during the 104 years. The number of days with precipitation less than 1 mm has increased in all the seasons and regions, with a trend of 0.4-0.7% per decade on the average, while the lower 1% ofcases of 31-day precipitation have doubled with a trend of 10% per decade.