- 著者
- Masahiro TAGAWA Yasushi HARA Hiroyasu EJIMA Shinobu KOMORI Toru R. SAITO Kazuaki W. TAKAHASHI Kyoji HIOKI Susumu EBUKURO
- 出版者
- Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
- 雑誌
- Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.44, no.1, pp.49-55, 1995 (Released:2003-12-23)
- 参考文献数
- 19
This study was undertaken to evaluate the sedative effect of medetomidine, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist, and the counteractive effect of atipamezole, an antagonist to medetomidine, in house musk shrews (Suncus murinus). Two hundred, 300, 400, or 600 μg/kg of medetomidine was intraperitoneal injected into 89 house musk shrews. A sedative effect was produced in one to two minutes after injection. The dose-dependent prolongation of the sedative duration and the dose-dependent appearance of a hypothermic effect were demonstrated. With 200 μg/kg of medetomidine, the sedative effect obtained was not adequate in some of the animals. With 300 μg/kg and above, a stable sedative state was induced in all the animals. The duration of sedation in the house musk shrews was much longer (p<0.01) in males than in females. This suggested the higher susceptibility of male house musk shrews to this drug. The sedative effect and hypothermia obtained with 400 μg/kg of medetomidine were completely counteracted by more than 2.0 mg/kg of atipamezole. With 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of atipamezole, only a partial antagonistic action was produced. Transient vomiting appeared in 4.5% of the house musk shrews at approximately one minute after injection of medetomidine. This side-effect had occurred before the sedative effect was obtained, and was not serious enough to be a problem. None of the 89 house musk shrews died in this experiment. The above results show that the combination of medetomidine and atipamezole is a highly effective and safe anesthetic treatment which permits easy handling of house musk shrews.
- 著者
- Wirasak FUNGFUANG Nobuhiko NAKAO Tomoaki NAKADA Makoto YOKOSUKA Toru R. SAITO
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本獣医学会
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.12-0276, (Released:2012-11-15)
- 被引用文献数
- 3 5
The puberty onset in mammals is tightly coupled to the animal’s nutritional and metabolic state. In present study, we evaluated the effects of high fat diet on leptin, adiponectin levels, leptin mRNA expression and puberty onset in female rats. On day 21, female rats were divided into 2 groups; Normal food (NF) and High fat food (HF). HF group shows significantly earlier (P<0.001) date of vaginal opening and lower body weight (P<0.001) than NF group. The rats with HF had a significantly heavier uterus (P<0.05) than NF, whereas serum leptin and adiponectin levels and leptin mRNA expression were not significant differences between NF and HF. We speculate that the fat-induced nutritional imbalance in young females may lead to neuroendocrine dysfunction during adolescence.
- 著者
- H. Takagi T. Saeki T. Oda M. Saito V. Valsala D. Belikov R. Saito Y. Yoshida I. Morino O. Uchino R. J. Andres T. Yokota S. Maksyutov
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.7, pp.161-164, 2011 (Released:2011-10-29)
- 参考文献数
- 32
- 被引用文献数
- 43 54
We assessed the utility of global CO2 distributions brought by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) in the estimation of regional CO2 fluxes. We did so by estimating monthly fluxes and their uncertainty over a one-year period between June 2009 and May 2010 from 1) observational data collected in existing networks of surface CO2 measurement sites (GLOBALVIEW-CO2 2010; extrapolated to the year 2010) and 2) both the surface observations and column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) retrieved from GOSAT soundings. Monthly means of the surface observations and GOSAT XCO2 retrievals gridded to 5° × 5° cells were used here. The estimation was performed for 64 subcontinental-scale regions. We compared these two sets of results in terms of change in uncertainty associated with the flux estimates. The rate of reduction in the flux uncertainty, which represents the degree to which the GOSAT XCO2 retrievals contribute to constraining the fluxes, was evaluated. We found that the GOSAT XCO2 retrievals could lower the flux uncertainty by as much as 48% (annual mean). Pronounced uncertainty reduction was found in the fluxes estimated for regions in Africa, South America, and Asia, where the sparsity of the surface monitoring sites is most evident.