著者

吉田 孝 Takashi Yoshida

雑誌

教育学論究 (ISSN:18846149)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.109-116, 2012-12-20

著者

Yanze Li Hisashi Endo Yasuhiro Gotoh Hiroyasu Watai Nana Ogawa Romain Blanc-Mathieu Takashi Yoshida Hiroyuki Ogata

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology · The Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.ME19037, (Released:2019-08-03)

被引用文献数

13

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Giant viruses of ‘Megaviridae’ have the ability to widely disperse around the globe. We herein examined ‘Megaviridae’ communities in four distinct aquatic environments (coastal and offshore seawater, brackish water, and hot spring freshwater), which are distantly located from each other (between 74 and 1,765 km), using a meta-barcoding method. We identified between 593 and 3,627 OTUs in each sample. Some OTUs were detected in all five samples tested as well as in many of the Tara Oceans metagenomes, suggesting the existence of viruses of this family in a wide range of habitats and the ability to circulate on the planet.

著者

Hiroaki Takebe Kento Tominaga Kentaro Fujiwara Keigo Yamamoto Takashi Yoshida

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.ME20033, 2020 (Released:2020-06-17)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

7

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The phytoplanktonic production and prokaryotic consumption of organic matter significantly contribute to marine carbon cycling. Organic matter released from phytoplankton via three processes (exudation of living cells, cell disruption through grazing, and viral lysis) shows distinct chemical properties. We herein investigated the effects of phytoplanktonic whole-cell fractions (WF) (representing cell disruption by grazing) and extracellular fractions (EF) (representing exudates) prepared from Heterosigma akashiwo, a bloom-forming Raphidophyceae, on prokaryotic communities using culture-based experiments. We analyzed prokaryotic community changes for two weeks. The shift in cell abundance by both treatments showed similar dynamics, reaching the first peak (~4.1×106‍ ‍cells‍ ‍mL–1) on day 3 and second peak (~1.1×106‍ ‍cells‍ ‍mL–1) on day 13. We classified the sequences obtained into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A Bray-Curtis dissimilarity analysis revealed that the OTU-level community structure changed distinctively with the two treatments. Ten and 13 OTUs were specifically abundant in the WF and EF treatments, respectively. These OTUs were assigned as heterotrophic bacteria mainly belonging to the Alteromonadales (Gammaproteobacteria) and Bacteroidetes clades and showed successive dynamics following the addition of organic matter. We also analyzed the dynamics of these OTUs in the ocean using publicly available metagenomic data from a natural coastal bloom in Monterey Bay, USA. At least two WF treatment OTUs showed co-occurrence with H. akashiwo, indicating that the blooms of H. akashiwo also affect these OTUs in the ocean. The present results strongly suggest that the thriving and dead cells of uninfected phytoplankton differentially influence the marine prokaryotic community.

著者

Yoshiko Furukawa Satoshi Okuyama Yoshiaki Amakura Atsushi Sawamoto Mitsunari Nakajima Morio Yoshimura Michiya Igase Naohiro Fukuda Takahisa Tamai Takashi Yoshida

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.2-10, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

74

被引用文献数

7

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The elderly experience numerous physiological alterations. In the brain, aging causes degeneration or loss of distinct populations of neurons, resulting in declining cognitive function, locomotor capability, etc. The pathogenic factors of such neurodegeneration are oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, reduced energy homeostatis, decreased levels of neurotrophic factor, etc. On the other hand, numerous studies have investigated various biologically active substances in fruit and vegetables. We focused on the peel of citrus fruit to search for neuroprotective components and found that: 1) 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF) and auraptene (AUR) in the peel of Kawachi Bankan (Citrus kawachiensis) exert neuroprotective effects; 2) both HMF and AUR can pass through the blood–brain barrier, suggesting that they act directly in the brain; 3) the content of AUR in the peel of K. Bankan was exceptionally high, and consequently the oral administration of the dried peel powder of K. Bankan exerts neuroprotective effects; and 4) intake of K. Bankan juice, which was enriched in AUR by adding peel paste to the raw juice, contributed to the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in aged healthy volunteers. This review summarizes our studies in terms of the isolation/characterization of HMF and AUR in K. Bankan peel, analysis of their actions in the brain, mechanisms of their actions, and trials to develop food that retains their functions.

著者

吉田 孝 Takashi Yoshida

出版者

関西学院大学教育学会

雑誌

教育学論究 (ISSN:18846149)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.109-116, 2012

著者

Yuka Adachi Masao Inoue Takashi Yoshida Yoshihiko Sako

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.ME20101, 2020 (Released:2020-10-22)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 8

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The metabolic engineering of carbon monoxide (CO) oxidizers has the potential to create efficient biocatalysts to produce hydrogen and other valuable chemicals. We herein applied markerless gene deletion to CO dehydrogenase/energy-converting hydrogenase (CODH/ECH) in the thermophilic facultative anaerobe, Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius. We initially compared the transformation efficiency of two strains, NBRC 107763T and TG4. We then disrupted CODH, ECH, and both enzymes in NBRC 107763T. The characterization of growth in all three disruptants under 100% CO demonstrated that both enzymes were essential for CO-dependent growth with hydrogen production in P. thermoglucosidasius. The present results will become a platform for the further metabolic engineering of this organism.

著者

Takashi Yoshida Takuto Tachita Haruna Fujinami Yoshiko Oshima Hirokazu Sasaki Yoshiaki Marumo Tomoko Narita Asahi Ito Masaki Ri Shigeru Kusumoto Takashi Ishida Hirokazu Komatsu Shinsuke Iida

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2082-18, (Released:2019-04-17)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

8

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Infectious diseases, including those caused by fungi, remain important issues in patients receiving malignant lymphoma chemotherapy. We herein report a rare case of Exophiala dermatitidis fungemia during chemotherapy in a 67-year-old woman admitted to our hospital. She had a fever that could not be resolved despite antifungal therapy. Yeast-like fungi were detected in blood culture samples, but biochemical identification was difficult. E. dermatitidis, a black mold, was identified using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The patient finally improved after her treatment was switched to voriconazole. Fungal infection is difficult to diagnose and treat, but this novel approach can improve patients' outcomes.

著者

Intan Safinar Ismail Hideyuki Ito Teruo Mukainaka Hiroshi Higashihara Fumio Enjo Harukuni Tokuda Hoyoku Nishino Takashi Yoshida

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.9, pp.1351-1353, 2003 (Released:2003-09-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

13 25

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After bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract from Sandoricum koetjape bark, which exhibited significant toxicity to killifish (Oryzias latipes), two ichthyotoxic triterpenoids were isolated and characterized as koetjapic acid and 3-oxo-olean-12-en-29-oic acid. These constituents, along with non-toxic katonic acid, had a remarkable inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), which is a preliminary in vitro screening method for possible anti-tumor-promoting agents. Of the triterpenoids active in vitro, koetjapic acid appears to be a promising cancer chemopreventive agent, since it significantly delayed tumor promotion in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promoted by TPA.

著者

Satoshi Kawaichi Norihiro Ito Takashi Yoshida Yoshihiko Sako

出版者

日本微生物生態学会 / 日本土壌微生物学会 / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / 植物微生物研究会

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.ME13048, (Released:2013-11-21)

被引用文献数

3 9

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Physicochemical characteristics and archaeal and bacterial community structures in an iron-rich coastal hydrothermal field, where the temperature of the most active hot spot reaches above 100ーC, were investigated to obtain fundamental information on microbes inhabiting a coastal hydrothermal field. The environmental settings of the coastal hydrothermal field were similar in some degree to those of deep-sea hydrothermal environments because of its emission of H2, CO2, and sulfide from the bottom of the hot spot. The results of clone analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene led us to speculate the presence of a chemo-synthetic microbial ecosystem, where chemolithoautotrophic thermophiles, primarily the bacterial order Aquificales, function as primary producers using H2 or sulfur compounds as their energy source and CO2 as their carbon source, and the organic compounds synthesized by them support the growth of chemoheterotrophic thermophiles, such as members of the order Thermales and the family Desulfurococcaceae. In addition, the dominance of members of the bacterial genus Herbaspirillum in the high temperature bottom layer led us to speculate the temporal formation of mesophilic zones where they can also function as primary producing or nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

著者

Ryoko OHNISHI Hideyuki ITO Naoki KASAJIMA Miyuki KANEDA Reiko KARIYAMA Hiromi KUMON Tsutomu HATANO Takashi YOSHIDA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.7, pp.1681-1687, 2006-07-23 (Released:2006-07-23)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

76

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Cranberry, which is rich in polyphenols, including anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, has been found to have various effects beneficial to human health, including prevention of urinary tract infections. These effects have been associated with polyphenols in the fruit. We investigated the excretion of anthocyanins in human urine after ingestion of cranberry juice. Eleven healthy volunteers consumed 200 ml of cranberry juice containing 650.8 μg total anthocyanins. Urine samples were collected within 24 h before and after consumption. Six of 12 anthocyanins identified in cranberry were quantified in human urine by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS–MS). Among these, peonidin 3-O-galactoside, the second most plentiful anthocyanin in the juice, was found most abundantly in urine within 24 h, corresponding to 41.5 nmol (56.1% of total anthocyanins). The urinary levels of anthocyanins reached a maximum between 3 and 6 h after ingestion, and the recovery of total anthocyanins in the urine over 24 h was estimated to be 5.0% of the amount consumed. This study found high absorption and excretion of cranberry anthocyanins in human urine.