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1 0 0 0 OA 東アフリカ語・終止法

著者: 石垣幸雄
出版者: 日本アフリカ学会
雑誌: アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.1977, no.16, pp.1-13, 1977-03-30 (Released:2010-04-30)

2012-11-02 20:39:13
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1 0 0 0 OA エウェ族およびアシャンテ族における儀礼用織布の製作技法

著者: 井関和代
出版者: 日本アフリカ学会
雑誌: アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.1982, no.21, pp.57-74, 1982-03-30 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数: 8

There are, at present, in Togo and Ghana, numerous textile workshops where long, narrow strip cloth of a width of approximately ten centimeters, are woven. These long strips are sewn together to produce one large piece of cloth which is then used as wearing apparel. Kente cloth, the representative type from this region, was in the past used only as clothing by the court of the Asante kingdom. In recent times, Kente cloth began to be worn by the general population and now it is produced by both the Ewe as well as the Asante. As the finished cloth was quite similar, it was not clear, however, whether or not these two different peoples employed exactly the same techniques during the weaving process. In order to determine where such points of similarity or difference in method might exist, this author spent the three months from December 1980 to March 1981 at the workshop of Mr. Adjakpley Kafu Mawu, located in Asshoun in the village of Tsévié, which is located in the coastal region of the Republic of Togo. The results of the investigation, described below, indicate that there are, in fact, striking differences between the respective techniques used in the preparation, that is, the looming of the warp threads.The production of Kente cloth begins by counting out the desired number of threads and cutting them to the length of what will be the finished material. Each tribe uses both different numbers of warpbeams and spaces them differently, and the methods by which the warp threads are wound are completely different. In order to loom the threads, by passing them through the heddles and reeds, the Ewe let them hang from the loom where as the Asante spread them on the ground. In addition to such technical differences, the looms themselves are not identical. Although both peoples use standing looms, the Ewe use crossbeams around which the finished cloth is wound as well as backbeams which form part of the posts of the loom, and are therefore fixed in position. The Asante, on the other hand, arrange these two features so that they can be adjusted to the seated height of the weaver. In addition, the Ewe use stone blocks or string to fix the crossbeams into position, while the Asante employ the backbeams for this purpose. Nevertheless, when the Kente cloth is finally removed from the loom, it is impossible to tell from the finished product alone whether the weaver was an Ewe or an Asante.If only the production techniques form the basis of comparison, it may be said that those of the Asante are superior. In defense, however, it must be noted that the Ewe have only recently begun to weave this type of cloth. The traditional techniques which the Ewe have preserved over the years are manifested in their production of this type of cloth as well as in the traditional cloth which they have always produced, known as Lokpo cloth, and it is only in the final designs that are woven into the finished cloth that the Asante features can be seen.

2012-09-21 14:17:40
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1 0 0 0 経済発展の歴史自然環境分析:アフリカと東南アジア比較試論

著者: 嶋田義仁
出版者: Japan Association for African Studies
雑誌: アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.2007, no.70, pp.77-89, 2007
被引用文献数: 1

モラル・エコノミーと情の経済学は基本的に低開発論であり, その特徴は低開発を当該社会が充分経済合理性を成熟させず, 非経済的な諸価値に支配されていることに起因させる点にある。非経済的価値の重要性を評価しようとしている点で新しさがあるが, 当該社会がどのような価値に重きを置くかという内的要因の観点から (経済合理性も一つの価値), その経済を論じようとしている点で, 基本的に心理主義的であり倫理的である。したがって, 経済発展の方策は新たな価値観の注入という倫理的心理的教育的な手段しかない。低開発を非経済的価値で説明しようというのはそもそもトートロジーであり, 経済発展も低開発も実に多様な様相をとることが説明できない。小論では, これに対して, 経済的発展も停滞も, 歴史自然環境という外的要因によって説明しうるとする。外的要因数は内的要因数よりもはるかに多数であり, これはそれだけの多様な経済発展と低開発があることにもなる。小論では, こうした分析の一例として, アフリカと東南アジアの比較を試みた。アフリカだけでも4種類の歴史自然環境があることになるが (表), この数は分析のレヴェルにおうじてもっと増やせるし, 東南アジアもさらに細かくわけられる。