著者

川田 秀雄

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.1-20, 1979-06-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

著者

坂本 悼志

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.21-40,ii, 1979-06-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

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The electical industry of Britain before world War I was relatively backward, stagnant and immature, in comparison with that of the United States or Germany. We can point out these features of the British electrical industry in several aspects : (1) the inactive trust movements, (2) the small sizes of business and the small scale of the industry as a whole, (3) the weakness in the international competition, (4) the industrial domination by foreign subsidiary enterprises and (5) the technological retardation.In these industrial circumstances, the General Electric Co. (GEC) had grown very rapidly to be one of the leading electrical manufactures by World War I, The direct ancestor of the company was the General Electric Apparatus Co. (GEA) which had been manly engages in selling electical goods. The basic strategy of GEC was the “generalization” that had been settles in the age of GEA. After is was organized and began to produce electical goods in 1889, GEC kept on developing rapidly and sometimes steadily by adopting a policy of “diversification” which formed a part of the “generalization”.From the viewpoint of the policy of “diversification”, the process of the development of GEC might be divided into two stages : (A) 1889-1900 and (B) 1900-1913. At the former stage, GEC produced many kinds of electrical goods which were, however, limited to those with less sophisticated technology. Among them, one of the key products was the incandescent electric lamp. At the later stage, GEC began to produce not only heavy electrical machinery but also other new electrical goods, responding to the changing structure of the market. Thus GEC developed to be a “general” electrical manufacturer by the outbreak of World War I.

著者

葭原 達之

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.41-60, 1979-06-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

著者

下川 浩一

出版者

Business History Society of Japan

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.61-73, 1979-06-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

著者

由井 常彦

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.1-27,i, 1979-09-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

被引用文献数

1 1

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The study of organizational structures from the historical perspective has fallen out of favor in the academic world. In Japan, historical studies of organizations seem to be neglected, except with regard to control of management. This is because historians so far have been inclined to describe industrialization or economic modernization exclusively in terms of capitalist development. However, in view of the importance of the organizational structure in any discussion of economic development, we should address ourselves here to the same problem and ask why Japanese businesses evolved the characteristic and elaborate organization for which they are well known.In my opinion, Japanese top management has had unique organizational traits, summarized in the following three aspects: combination or fusion of managing and control positions, hierachical rank order, and restriction of membership to those with middle-level managerial experience.In this paper I will analyze in detail how this kind of organization had been devised and developed on a trial and error basis in the Meiji Era.

著者

長沢 康昭

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.28-45,ii, 1979-09-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

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Zaibatsu firms had several characteristic features; diversified business, close ownership by family (Ie) and so on. Corresponding to these features, their top management organization was, differently from other non-Zaibatsu firms in Japan, functionally similar to those of divisional type of organization in United States which had a general head office with automonous divisions.It is, however, after 1910s that each Zaibatsu firms had formed such a common decentralized type of organization, and they differed from each other during Meiji era. This article traces on the formation process of the top management organization of Mitsubishi during Meiji era as a case study of the Zaibatsu firms.

著者

北 政巳

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.46-73,iii, 1979-09-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

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Banking in England and Scotland developed along quite different lines from 1694 and 1695 when the Banks of England and Scotland were established. The Union of the Parliaments in 1707 left Scotland bereft of its own Parliament and the removal of the law-giving body to London had important repercussions on many aspects of life including Scottish Banking. During the 18th century while banking in England was constrained by laws designed to protect and aggrandize the Bank of England, Scottish Banking was free to develop along lines best suited to an emerging industrializing society.The Scots claimed that their banking system was far more stable than the English, when they had the government interferes under the English bankers pressure with their banking performance.In the 1870's the matter flared up again. With the improvement of communications during mid-19th century the regional money markets (Glasgow, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Manchester) gradually lost their standing to London as it became the money center of the World. It became increasingly frustrating to Scottish Banks to deal through agents in the premier money market over the boundary.The Clydesdale Banking Company opened its three north of England branches at Carlisle, Whitehaven and Workington in Cumberland in January 1874. And then They had discussed over the bank's invasion into England from both interests of Bankers in England and Scotland. They also had a series of disputes on this problem at the Parliament for some years.I wish to consider and compare the Scottish bankings at that time with that of England along with the Clydesdale Banking Company's behaviour.

著者

小林 袈裟治 森川 英正

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.74-85, 1979-09-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

土屋 守章

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.89-103, 1978-10-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

参考文献数

14

著者

正木 久司

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.103-104, 1978-10-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.105-122, 1978-10-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

古賀 和文

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.1-22,i, 1979-03-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

参考文献数

52

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L'Alsace a connu une industrialisation précoce et rapide. On a pu dire qu'elle fut une région pilote de l'essor du capitalisme français, mais également une région où un patronat éclairé fut dès avant 1870 créateur d'oeuvres sociales. Le calme social de cette région très industrialisée était maintenu jusqu'à la grande grève de 1870, ce qui est dû à l'importance de l'effort social du patronat calvinien. Cet article ont pour objet d'indiquer quelque direction de recherches pour l'étude des rapports sociaux dans un pays en voie d'industrialisation, l'Alsace du XIXe siècle. L'accent est mis sur certains des relations entre patrons et ouvriers.

著者

高橋 泰隆

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.23-50,i, 1979-03-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

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Formosa Railway in occupation by Japan (1895) was under the control of military forces and the railway construction plan was based on militarism first of all. From this point of view, Formosa Railway in early stage of Japanese occupation can be said militaristic one.When the Railway Bureau of the Government-General of Formosa managed Formosa Railway, the militaristic aim of railway was made a large revision. Thus constructed Formosa Railway became not only militaristic line but also industrial one greatly.In other words, goods transport was most important in Formosa Railway. Goods transport by train putting Formosa economy into a group of Japanese Capitalism, Formosa colonization was completed. On this stage, Taiwan Seito & Co., Ltd. being in a strong position over many companys of sugar industry and Mitsui Bussan, a trading corporation, established the transport route of raw materials and goods. These companys in Formosa under Japanese occupation made the Government-General of Formosa construct the railway and the seaports throughout the whole. After the construction of them, they linked their private lines to Formosa Railway and the seaports, shortened the transport time, increased the safety of transport and saved the transport-cost. As a result of it they got much profit.

著者

西川 登

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.67-77, 1979-03-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

著者

広田 勇

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.78-94, 1979-03-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

著者

小林 袈裟治

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.95-98, 1979-03-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

著者

作道 洋太郎

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.1-4, 1978-10-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

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One of the major topics in the recent studies of Japanese business history has been the investigation of “zaibatsu” and since the common topic of the thirteenth national conference of the Business History Society was decided to be “Comparative Historical Study of the Zaibatsus”, the organization committee has tried to arrange the papers to be read to examine the basic characteristics of the Japanese zaibatsu in comparison with the Western big business and also to make clear the organizational and functional differences between the Japanese zaibatsus.The first paper by Yotaro Sakudo, Osaka University, “Comparative Historical Study of the Zaibatsus” presented the several problems to be discussed in the present day study on “zaibatsus” such as the zaibatsu investment strategies and their management organizations.The second paper by Professor Shigeaki Yasuoka, Doshisha University, “Characteristic Features of the Zaibatsus Capital in Comparison with the Rothschild and the Dupont”, elucidated why and how the zaibatsu families had excluded the joint-stock capital and employed the professional managers. Further Professor Yasuoka pointed out the several contrasts between the Japanese zaibatsus and the Western family enterprises by examining specific cases. The third reporter, Professor Hidemasa Morikawa of the Hosei University, read on “Business Strategy of the Japanese Zaibatsus”. He examined the process of diversification in the three Japanese zaibatsus, -Mitsui, Sumitomo and Furukawa- in an effort to confirm the differences of business strategies among them and tried to explain the differences by the difference in their decision-making processes.The fourth paper by Professor Hisashi Masaki of the Doshisha University, “Power Structure of the Japanese Zaibatsus” identified some characteristic features of the structure for control in the Japanese zaibatsus by comparing it with that of the 200 large American enterprises.The fifth reporter, Professor Moriaki Tsuchiya of the Tokyo University, read on “Economic Opportunities and Limiting Factors for the Development of Large-Scale Enterprises : Comparative Study of Japan and the United States”, discussed the volume and nature of the economic opportunities and of the human, natural and monetary resources at the different stages of the development of domestic market in the United States and Japan and explained how the Japanese zaibatsus were developed by a unique combination of the economic opportunity and resources which was entirely different from that in the United States.Through the above reports and the following comments and panel discussion, it was confirmed that the big business in Japan possessed various unique features which were derived from the socio-economic as well as cultural structures in Japan although there existed certain similarities between the zaibatsus of Japan and the large scale family enterprises of the Western countries.

著者

安岡 重明

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.5-26, 1978-10-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

参考文献数

29

著者

新保 博

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.26-29, 1978-10-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

森川 英正

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.30-51, 1978-10-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

参考文献数

12