著者

岡 ヤス子

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.59-65, 1973-03-15

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The Study on the Education of Girls - The second Report - The Mode of Marriage and the Education of Girls in Heian Dynasty In my first report I described the ideal and system of the education of aristocratic girls appeared in the literature of Heian period. Now I want to examine the girl's education of the same period emphasizing the mode of marriage and other matters connected with it. 1. In Nara period a husband used to visit his wife living in a different house. In the middle of Heian period this custom still existed, but the case of taking a husband into the family of this wife was more aod more introduced. Toward the end of Heian period the aristocratic government of Fujiwara clan was suddenly replaced by the militarist one. Since this period the custom of marriage, taking the wife into her husband's family, began to be in vogue. The Heian mode of marriage appears in many stories in classic literature in this period. The husband-visiting form of marriage tended to be polygamous, the married life was unstable and only the wife's family was responsible for the raising of children. The wife had to succeed the properties of the family. As the marriage was started by the exchange of short poems between a man and a lady, it was natural that girls were educated, since their chiedhood to have many accomplishments. 2. In the middle of Heian period most husbands were taken into the wives' families. The sons of a family usually moved into other families. Therefore the development of a family depended on how good a son-in-law was taken into it. Thus even Fujiwara clan could not thrive without a powerful guardian. Even the emperor could not get along well without influential, high ranked government officials among maternal relatives. In order to have excellent sons-in-law, daughters were carefully educated to be beautiful and charming and to have better learning and accomplishments. 3. Thus to become the maternal relation of the emperor, the high-class aristocrat eagerly tried to send his daughter to the court to be the consort of the emperor. More and more emphasis was placed on the daughter's education, so that she might be a pretty, intelligent lady to be chosen as the empress. Encouraged by this tendency daughters of local governors were also trained to have literary talent. On the other hand, the contrivance of Kana-letters out of Kanji characters made it easy for girls to be educated. Consequently there are a lot of famous woman writers in the literary history of Heian period.

著者

古矢 千雪 Furuya Chiyuki フルヤ チユキ

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.61-66, 1983-09-30

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This study is a continuation of the last study to investigate the synesthetic response to the musical stimulus. The subjects were 67 students of music course in Exp.1 and 20 students selected by the preliminary research, in Exp.2. They were indicated to answer their sense experiences in hearing music and noted not to take the attitude of judgement or association. Questions: 1. Do your body move or you feel your body move? 2. Do you experience the physiological change, for example, heart beat fast? If so, discribe. 3. Do you see or feel to see light? 4. Do you see or feel to see color? 5. Do you smell or feel to smell anything? 6. Do you touch or feel to touch anything? 7. Do you taste or feel to taste anything? The example of the answer: a. No, I don't., b. Yes, I feel slightly to-., c. Yes, I feel fairy to- ., d. Yes, I seem to actually-., e. Yes, I actually see (touch, smell, etc.). If you feel or actually do, discribe the contents. The stimulus was the same as Exp.2 in the last study, the first phrases of the Respighi's Pini di Roma. The main results were as follows: In Exp.1, the 25 subjects felt body move or actually moved, 12 felt their physiological change, 38 felt light, 25 felt color and 6 felt touch. The appearance of responses was similar as Exp. 2 in the last study. In Exp. 2, the synesthetic responses, colorhearing, were appeard in 3 subjects. They answerd, "I don't look the thing colored but feel the color vividly, like as see that acutually in mind". There was the color-hearing, in some cases, I think, formed by conditioning in childhood.

著者

神鳥 武彦

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.71-86, 1993-07-10

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The rhythm of Japanese is based on its writing system "Kana" which also represents its phonological segment. /R/ (a vowel with a long durative time), /N/ (a nasal) and /Q/ (a consonant with a long durative time) are called the special phonemes in Japanese, the m?ra phonemes. The suprasegmental feature of Japanese is characterized by these phonemes and /i/ after the vowels. Pitch accent on /R/, /N/, /Q/ and /i/ at word-level is defferent from that at sentence-level. Comparing the pitch accent patterns on these phonems at word-level and sentence-level, it is possible to say that the accent pattern on the phoneme /i/ is most stable and /R/, /N/ are less stable, then the accent pattern on the phoneme /Q/ is always inconsistant. The results show that it is not reasonable to say that Japanese has only two groups in its dialects, namely the Mora dialect and the Syllabeme dialect. The sutdy of accent patterns in Kumano dialect shows the both features of the Mora dialect and the Syllabeme dialect. Thus we shoud third category 'm?ra-syllabeme hibrid dialect' when we group the Japanese dialects.

著者

高永 茂

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.11-19, 1993-07-10

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The purpose of this paper is to compare the category of modality with that of 'Bunmatsu-shi (文末詞)'. Most of modal elements appear at the final position of sentences in Japanese. In the study of current Japanese, the notion of modality is applied to standard Japanese (共通語). 'Bunmatsu-shi' is a technical term introduced by Y. Fujiwara in dialectology of Japanese. 'Bunmatsu-shi' means a part of speech to express respect to a person at the final position of sentences. Modal elements and 'Bunmatsu-shi' have the same features in its position and function. But 'Bunmatsu-shi' has more different styles in dialects than in standard Japanese. Therefore, function of each element in 'Bunmatsu-shi' has not been studied well, unlikely 'NE (ね)' and 'YO (よ)' in standard Japanese. If the two fields, modality and 'Bunmatsu-shi', should be combined and be related each other as a target of the study, it will make a great progress in the study of Japanese.

著者

古矢 千雪

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.1-7, 1982-08-15

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the synesthetic response to the musical stimulus. The subjects were 199 students in Exp. 1 and 187 students in Exp. 2. They were indicated to answer their sense experiences such as, vision, smell, touch, taste, body movement and physiological change, in hearing music, according to the following questions. There were noted not to take the attitude of judgement or association. 1. Do your body move or you feel your body move? 2. Do you experience the physiological change, for example, heart beat fast? If so, discribe. 3. Do you see or feel to see light? 4. Do you see or feel to see color? 5. Do you smell or feel to smell anything? 6. Do you touch or feel to touch anything? The example of the answer: a. No, I don't., b. Yes, I feel slightly to-., c. Yes, I feel fairy to-., d. Yes, I seem to actually-., e. Yes, I actually see (touch, smell, etc.). If you feel or actually do, discribe. The stimuli were the first phrases of the Mozart's 40th Symphony in Exp. 1 and the Respighi's Pini di Roma in Exp. 2, lasting 6 minutes. The main results were as follows: Except the sense of taste, the synesthetic responses or the synesthetic feeling were appeard more in Exp. 2 than in Exp. I, becausing the music was exciting or dynamic in Exp. 2. In Exp. 2, the 78 subjects felt body move or actually moved, 41 felt their physiological change, 99 felt or see light, 62 felt or see color, 2 felt smell and 13 felt touch. The point which deserve our attention to these studies, I think, is how to find the effective stimulus for the synesthetic response and how to discriminate the real response and feeling from the associations.

著者

古矢 千雪

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.61-66, 1983-09-30

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This study is a continuation of the last study to investigate the synesthetic response to the musical stimulus. The subjects were 67 students of music course in Exp.1 and 20 students selected by the preliminary research, in Exp.2. They were indicated to answer their sense experiences in hearing music and noted not to take the attitude of judgement or association. Questions: 1. Do your body move or you feel your body move? 2. Do you experience the physiological change, for example, heart beat fast? If so, discribe. 3. Do you see or feel to see light? 4. Do you see or feel to see color? 5. Do you smell or feel to smell anything? 6. Do you touch or feel to touch anything? 7. Do you taste or feel to taste anything? The example of the answer: a. No, I don't., b. Yes, I feel slightly to-., c. Yes, I feel fairy to- ., d. Yes, I seem to actually-., e. Yes, I actually see (touch, smell, etc.). If you feel or actually do, discribe the contents. The stimulus was the same as Exp.2 in the last study, the first phrases of the Respighi's Pini di Roma. The main results were as follows: In Exp.1, the 25 subjects felt body move or actually moved, 12 felt their physiological change, 38 felt light, 25 felt color and 6 felt touch. The appearance of responses was similar as Exp. 2 in the last study. In Exp. 2, the synesthetic responses, colorhearing, were appeard in 3 subjects. They answerd, "I don't look the thing colored but feel the color vividly, like as see that acutually in mind". There was the color-hearing, in some cases, I think, formed by conditioning in childhood.

著者

古矢 千雪

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.1-6, 1977-08-20

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This study is to examine the contents of free association with simple shape stimulus. Method Subjects. 112 students of the domestic economy course. Experimental stimuli. See fig. l. Procedure. The subjects were instructed to look at the shape stimulus and record freely whatever comes into their mind. Results (1) The main contents of free association with each shape. A ? a short vertical line numeral letter "1", needle, something fine, stick, something thick, tree, telegraph pole, something standing, something took a view from the side, cut, pocket, rain, road, getting longer, nose, close state, neatness, opening, parted right and left, unstable and so on. B. a short horizontal line numeral letter " 1", "ichi" in chinese characters, match, needle, thread, stick, horizon, sea line, road, sea, stretch, bridge, something lying, mouth, cut, pocket, post, something took a view from the side, close state, parted up and down, honest, stable, featureless and so on. C. a square paper for folding play, note, book, frame, window, die, box, building blocks, cube suger, room, door, exit, hole, spread, something looked down, confined, empty, stable, hard and so on. D. a regular triangle triangle candy, triangle bandage, sandwich, triangular thing, arrow, mountain, roof, pyramid, building blocks, prism, hole, point, nose, face, star, pleasure ground, rhythm, stretch upward, stable, sharp, cold and so on. E. a circle numeral letter "0", ring, handle, button, coin, manhole, Japanese flag, ball, moon, sun, earth, candy, face, head, cylinder, telescope, pleasure ground, baby, test, heart, peace, hole, dream, swing, soft, warm, delicious-looking and so on. (2) Concrete and visible things were associated largely and abstract expressions were about 20% of all. (3) Some subjects reported, when they looked at the shape stimulue, the word expressing shape itself occurred to them and they associated something with that word. (4) The contents of association were characteristic of subjects, students of the domestic economy course. For example, needle, thread, pocket and button. (5) There were unique responses those were free from the shape itself, that is to say, some of subjects were creative.

著者

古矢 千雪

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.1-10, 1978-07-20

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This study is to re-examine the contents of free association with simple shape stimulus and analyze how to catch the shape of stimulus. Method Subjects. 270 students of women's junior college. (107 students of the musical course and 163 students of the domestic economy course.) Experimental stimuli. See fig. 1. The same as the last study, but now printed one stimulus for each page. Procedure. The subjects were instructed to look at the shape stimulus and record rapidly whatever comes into their mind. Results (1) As a whole, the contents of responses were the same as the results of the last study for the most part. But, the emotional associations, the associations with movement and the secondary associations were very few in this time. Conversely, something looked for a frame or mark increased in this time. For the reason, I think, the way of presenting stimulus was different in this time. (2) There were a few characteristic responses of the subjects of the musical course. For example, black key, hole of a wing instrument and singing with open mouth like a triangle. (3) According to the analysis of how to catch the stimulus, in other words, what the subjects pay attention to on the shape, the associations were classified into 17 groups. As the results for each stimulus, see fig. 2 to fig. 6. Classification a. line or something linear (ex. borderline, sea line, road, thread and so on.) b. something like a stick (ex. match, pole, stick, yardstick and so on.) c. something took a view from the side (ex. standing coin, side of a book and so on.) d. something looked for a frame (ex. window, ring, triangle and so on.) e. one thing (ex. one big tree, one incense stick and so on.) f. something standing or lying (ex. standing pole, lying tree and so on.) g. straight (ex. straight road, frank, faith and so on.) h. black collar (ex. black key, black stick, charcoal and so on.) i. emotional response (ex. thin, sharp, cool, hard, calm and so on.) j. something with movement (ex. train going, going up a mountain, singing and so on.) k. sign or mark (ex. numeral letter, ichi in chinese characters, mark and so on.) 1. partition (ex. screen, crossing gate, stop and so on.) m. break (ex. buttonhole, cut, close state, parted up and down and so on.) n. hole (ex. hole, tunnel, entrance, exit and so on.) o. including the ground (ex. floor in the air, flying balloon and so on.) o'. (ex. Japanese flag) p. blank in the frame (ex. empty, limited space and so on.) q. secondary association (ex. hospital, pleasure ground, peace and so on.)

著者

黒住 彰博

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.53-65, 1989-07-10

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緒言 日本の現代音楽界におけるノーノ 1. 出発点 1. 音楽的背景 2. 「点描的作風」あるいは「セリエルな音楽の作曲家」? Ⅱ. 作曲技法の独自性の諸相 1. 音響場Klangfeldの生成 2. 断片性とその根拠 3. 構造としての引用 4. 契機としての偶然性,実験,即興演奏 5 素材としての人声と言葉 結語In the early era of the "contemporary music" in 50's only several works of the Italian composer, Luigi Nono, were known in Japan, and still his deep thoughts on his music remain unclear until today. The Nono's works were said to be unique even in the diverse stream of the "contemporary music" at that time, therefore it should not be right to regard him simply as "a avant-garde componist" or "a total seriest". One cannot understand the real value of his works without having a wide view toward them. This study describes several fundamental points of Nono's works-his musical background and his unique avant-gardistic methods of writing-refering to his own statements.

著者

佐藤 幸男

出版者

広島文化女子短期大学

雑誌

広島文化女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09137068)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.39-46, 1997-09-30

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Since the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, research and investigations in the fields of Medicine, biology, physics have been carried out by many public and private groups visiting the spot. They have sought to provide supportive exchanges of information on the effects of radiation. The major focus of the research has been general residents who were externally exposed to radiation, and are suffering from chronic internal exposure. The firefighters and young soldiers on the reserve list (to be called liquidators hereafter) who were engaged in getting rid of radioactive materials right after the accident, whose health has been a subject of concern of many countries and various groups, were the first ones to suffer acute external exposure followed by chronic internal exposure. Recently, some reports indicate that amnesia and psychosomatic abnormalities have been identified. Data has begun to be gathered and this has brought about arguments in the academic circles in Chernobyl. The debates range from a theory that well-differentiated nerve cells, which have been thought to be radio-resistant, are directly injured by radiation, to a theory that the illness is due to stress, or to a theory that resulting sickness is due to the damage of the vascular system which gives nourishment to the brain-cells. None of thse has been established as a firm theory yet. Regardless of the resulting discussions or hypothesis, actual observation remains an important factor. The fact that various kinds of psycho-neurological abnormalities have been observed among the liquidators is being discussed by the specialists at the site as a fact known to all, whereas in Japan such information is scarce. On the other hand, psychosomatic cases such as the so-called Burabura-disease among atomic-bomb exposure cases have not been studied enough, and so this field has been an Achilles heel in the study of late effects of the atomic-bomb exposure. The results of interviews and exchanges of data and reference materials by the visits at several related organizations such as Moscow Research Istitute Psychiatry (Director: Prof. V. H. Krasnov). Institute Neurosurgery Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine (Director: Prof. Y. P. Zoozulya) and so on will be outlined here. The research carried out so far by each institute has turned out to be somewhat similar in result through the collected information gained from research institutions in Moscow and Kiev. It is recognized by many scientists and doctors that a follow-up survey is required on the health condition of the liquidators in their 46 20s to 50s at the time of the accident, but there have been few chances so far to see specific survey results. The number of liquidators from the Republics of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus is said to be between 400,000 and 500,000, many of whom have had somatic and psychological problems and social problems as well. Three to four years after the accident psycho-neurological disturbances came to stand out, and pilot study research began. The major theory is that psycho-neurological disturbances causing problems include depressive, neurosis, amnesia, chronic headache, degradation of concentration, sleep disturbance, impotence and so on, complicated by some physical abnormalities such as the disturbance of liver function, abnormal endocrine function, etc. The causes of these late-effects are said to be due to not only various kinds of radiation but also various kinds of heavy metals which were used in trying to put out the fire at the nuclear power plant or emitted from the nuclear power plant. The psycho-neurological disturbance is not effectively treated by medical drugs for psychopathia only, but in combination with somatic therapy better results may be obtained. It has become difficult for many of the liquidators of continue with normal social life, with higher rates of leaving work places or getting divorced among them. There are grave problems including social compensation (security) for the bereaved families of liquidators. Several years have already been spent there for the above research and investigations, and judging from limited information, only about 20.000 cases were examined in the investigation and less than 1.000 cases could provide detailed physical examinations from among 400,000 to 500,000 liquidators. Perhaps economic limitation is the cause, but the investigation and the measurements have just started to be carried out. How far or how universally the data gained so far will be applied to all the liquidators is still to be seen. Long term studies may reveal the larger picture of the lasting effects of exposure.