著者

Yumi Kim Sehee Kim Chanyang Kim Takahiro Sato Masayasu Kojima Seungjoon Park

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ14-0436, (Released:2014-12-23)

被引用文献数

13 37

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Neurogenesis occurs in the adult hippocampus and is enhanced by dietary restriction (DR), and neurogenesis enhancement is paralleled by circulating ghrelin level enhancement. We have previously reported that ghrelin modulates adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In order to investigate the possible role of ghrelin in DR-induced hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice, ghrelin knockout (GKO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were maintained for 3 months on DR or ad libitum (AL) diets. Protein levels of ghrelin in the stomach and the hippocampus were increased by DR in WT mice. One day after BrdU administration, the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was decreased in GKO mice maintained on the AL diet. DR failed to alter the proliferation of progenitor cells in both WT and GKO mice. Four weeks after BrdU injection, the number of surviving cells in the dentate gyrus was decreased in AL-fed GKO mice. DR increased survival of newborn cells in WT mice, but not in GKO mice. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in the hippocampus were similar between WT and GKO mice, and were increased by DR both in WT and GKO mice. These results suggest that elevated levels of ghrelin during DR may have an important role in the enhancement of neurogenesis induced by DR.

著者

Yinhua Ni Tao Wu Luna Yang Yang Xu Tsuguhito Ota Zhengwei Fu

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ17-0500, (Released:2018-03-10)

被引用文献数

19

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Oxidative stress caused free radical and mitochondrial damage plays a critical role in the progression of aging and age-related damage at the cellular and tissue levels. Antioxidant supplementation has received growing attention and the effects of antioxidant on aging are increasingly assessed in both animal and human studies. However, additional and more promising treatments that contribute to the expansion of anti-aging therapies are needed. Astaxanthin, a super antioxidant carotenoid and free radical scavenger, inhibits lipid peroxidation more potently than vitamin E. In the present study, we investigated the preventative effects of astaxanthin on aging using an accelerated aging model: mice chronically treated with a combination of D-galactose and jet lag. After 6 weeks of treatment, astaxanthin administration tended to protect the liver weight loss in aged mice. It is probably by upregulating the mRNA expression of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, which contribute to the enhancement of D-galactose metabolism. Astaxanthin supplementation also improved muscle endurance of aged mice in a swimming test. These results were associated with reduced oxidative stress in serum and increased anti-oxidative enzymes activities and mRNA expression in vivo. Moreover, astaxanthin reversed the dysregulation of aging-related gene expression caused by the combination of D-galactose and jet lag in the liver and kidney of mice. In conclusion, astaxanthin prevents liver weight loss, ameliorates locomotive muscular function, exerts significant anti-aging effects by reducing oxidative stress and improving the expression of age-related genes in D-galactose and jet lag-induced aging model.

著者

Yasuhiro Ito Akira Miyauchi Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa Masatoshi Yamamoto Hitomi Oda Hiroo Masuoka Hisanori Sasai Mitsuhiro Fukushima Takuya Higashiyama Minoru Kihara Akihiro Miya

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ17-0524, (Released:2018-04-04)

被引用文献数

9

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Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), a form of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, is the second most common malignancy arising from thyroid follicular cells. Recently, the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification for differentiated thyroid carcinoma was revised from the 7th to the 8th edition. The diagnostic criteria for poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC) were also updated in the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification. In this study, we investigated whether these changes are appropriate for accurately predicting prognosis. Three hundred and twenty-nine patients diagnosed with postoperative pathologically confirmed FTC, who underwent initial surgery at our hospital between 1984 and 2004, were enrolled. For this study, patients were re-evaluated and diagnosed with FTC (N = 285) or PDC (N = 44) without typical nuclear findings of papillary thyroid carcinoma. For FTC, the 8th TNM classification was a more accurate predictor of prognosis than the 7th TNM classification. In the 8th TNM classification, cause-specific survival became significantly poorer from Stage I to IVB. The cause-specific survival of PDC based on the latest WHO classification was worse than, but did not significantly differ from, that of PDC based only on the former WHO classification. For PDC, neither of the TNM classifications could accurately predict prognosis. Taken together, we conclude that (1) the 8th TNM classification more accurately reflects the prognosis of FTC than the 7th TNM classification; (2) PDC based on the former WHO classification should be retained, at least in Japan; and (3) the TNM classification may not be suitable for predicting the prognosis of PDC.

著者

Toshihiko Yanase Ikumi Yanagita Kazuo Muta Hajime Nawata

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ17-0390, (Released:2017-12-14)

被引用文献数

92

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Frailty is a state of vulnerability and a consequence of cumulative decline in multiple physiological systems over a lifespan. The occurrence of frailty depends on deterioration in muscle and nerve function, declining cardiopulmonary reserve and loss of executive function. Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes functional impairment in each of the above systems, thus leading to a loss of whole body homeostasis and deterioration in physical function. Inability of self-management in DM patients may also have considerable impact on the development of sarcopenia/frailty. Thus, there may be positive feedback between the progression of diabetic complications and frailty/sarcopenia. While various factors are involved in this process, insulin resistance or insulin depletion may be an important factor in the progression of frailty in diabetes patients since insulin is well known to be an anabolic hormone in muscle. Interestingly, in our study targeting elderly DM patients, low HbA1c was a significant and independent risk factor for frailty, as assessed using a broad sense frailty scale, the Clinical Frailty Scale (CSF), suggesting that reverse metabolism due to malnutrition in elderly type 2 DM patients might be involved. Therefore, an intervention that includes proper nutrition and exercise training may be essential for the prevention of frailty. The pathogenesis of frailty in DM patients is extensively discussed in this review.

著者

Ryo Okazaki Keiichi Ozono Seiji Fukumoto Daisuke Inoue Mika Yamauchi Masanori Minagawa Toshimi Michigami Yasuhiro Takeuchi Toshio Matsumoto Toshitsugu Sugimoto

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ16-0548, (Released:2016-12-20)

被引用文献数

36

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Vitamin D is indispensable for the maintenance of bone and mineral health. Inadequate vitamin D action increases the risk for various musculoskeletal/mineral events including fracture, fall, secondary hyperparathyroidism, diminished response to antiresorptives, rickets/osteomalacia, and hypocalcemia. Its most common cause in recent years is vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, clinically defined by low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level. Guidelines for vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency defined by serum 25(OH)D concentrations have been published all over the world. In Japan, however, the information on the associations between serum 25(OH)D and bone and mineral disorders has not been widely shared among healthcare providers, partly because its measurement had not been reimbursed with national medical insurance policy until August 2016. We have set out to collect and analyze Japanese data on the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and bone and mineral events. Integrating these domestic data and published guidelines worldwide, here we present the following assessment criteria for vitamin D sufficiency/insufficiency/deficiency using serum 25(OH)D level in Japan. 1) Serum 25(OH)D level equal to or above 30 ng/ml is considered to be vitamin D sufficient. 2) Serum 25(OH)D level less than 30 ng/ml but not less than 20 ng/ml is considered to be vitamin D insufficient. 3) Serum 25(OH)D level less than 20 ng/ml is considered to be vitamin D deficient. We believe that these criteria will be clinically helpful in the assessment of serum 25(OH)D concentrations and further expect that they will form a basis for the future development of guidelines for the management of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency.

著者

Kaoru Goto Masao Doi Tianyu Wang Sumihiro Kunisue Iori Murai Hitoshi Okamura

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ17-0130, (Released:2017-05-13)

被引用文献数

10

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G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute an immensely important class of drug targets with diverse clinical applications. There are still more than 120 orphan GPCRs whose cognate ligands and physiological functions are not known. A set of circadian pacemaker neurons that governs daily rhythms in behavior and physiology resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain. Malfunction of the circadian clock has been linked to a multitude of diseases, such as sleeping disorders, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, which makes the clock an attractive target for drug development. Here, we review a recently identified role of Gpr176 in the SCN. Gpr176 is an SCN-enriched orphan GPCR that sets the pace of the circadian clock in the SCN. Even without known ligand, this orphan receptor has an agonist-independent basal activity to reduce cAMP signaling. A unique cAMP-repressing G-protein subclass Gz is required for the activity of Gpr176. We also provide an overview on the circadian regulation of G-protein signaling, with an emphasis on a role for the regulator of G-protein signaling 16 (RGS16). RGS16 is indispensable for the circadian regulation of cAMP in the SCN. Developing drugs that target the SCN remains an unfulfilled opportunity for the circadian pharmacology. This review argues for the potential impact of focusing on GPCRs in the SCN for the purpose of tuning the body clock.

著者

Toshiya Matsuzaki Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya Takeshi Iwasa Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd Kiyohito Yano Yiliyasi Mayila Rie Yanagihara Takako Tokui Takeshi Kato Akira Kuwahara Sumika Matsui Minoru Irahara

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ16-0501, (Released:2017-04-03)

被引用文献数

23

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an ovulatory disorder that affects 6-10% of women of reproductive age. Serum AMH level may be an additional factor, or surrogate of PCOM, in the diagnostic criteria of PCOS. We evaluated the correlations between the serum AMH level and various endocrine and metabolic features in PCOS using the latest fully automated assay. Serum AMH level was compared between 114 PCOS patient (PCOS group) and 95 normal menstrual cycle women (Control group). Correlations between serum AMH level and various endocrine and metabolic factors were analysed in PCOS group. The serum AMH level was significantly higher in the PCOS group (8.35±8.19 ng/mL) than in the Control group (4.99±3.23 ng/mL). The serum AMH level was independently affected by age and the presence of PCOS on multiple regression analysis. Ovarian volume per ovary (OPVO) showed the strongest positive correlation (r=0.62) with the serum AMH level among related factors. On receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the cut-off value of AMH for the diagnosis of PCOS was 7.33 ng/mL, but this value did not have high efficacy (sensitivity 44.7%, specificity 76.8%). A cut-off value of 10 ng/mL had a high specificity of 92.6%, although the sensitivity was low (24.6%). The serum AMH level was elevated and reflected ovarian size in PCOS patients. The serum AMH level could be a surrogate for ultrasound findings of the ovaries in PCOS and might be useful for estimating ovarian findings without transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of PCOS.

著者

Nobuya Hamanoue Makito Tanabe Tomoko Tanaka Yuko Akehi Junji Murakami Takashi Nomiyama Toshihiko Yanase

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ16-0619, (Released:2017-03-30)

被引用文献数

5

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An age-associated androgen decrease and its pathological conditions are defined as late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). Among the various symptoms associated with LOH, a visceral fat increase is strongly associated with relatively low levels of testosterone. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scores and metabolic abnormalities. Thus, we aimed to clarify this relationship by investigating the relationship between AMS scores and various markers in blood. During routine health examinations in 241 middle-aged males (52.7±7.5 years of age, mean±SD), 150 males (62.2%) displayed higher AMS values than normal. No statistical association was observed between total AMS scores and any testosterone value. All mental, physical and sexual AMS subscales were significantly positively correlated with insulin levels and HOMA-IR. Only sexual subscale scores were significantly inversely associated with free or bioavailable testosterone level. Males with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR≥2.5) demonstrated significantly higher AMS scores than those with normal insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR<2.5). AMS values were positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR values. Interestingly, univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HOMA-IR≥2.5 was a significant predictor for detection of moderately severe AMS values (AMS≥37), whereas AMS≥37 was not a predictor of metabolic syndrome by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criterion. In conclusion, almost 60% of healthy male subjects displayed abnormal AMS scores. AMS values were not associated with testosterone values but rather were related to insulin resistance, particularly in subjects with moderately severe AMS values. Insulin resistance-related general unwellness might be reflected by AMS values.

著者

Takashi Yazawa Yoshitaka Imamichi Kaoru Miyamoto Md. Rafiqul Islam Khan Junsuke Uwada Akihiro Umezawa Takanobu Taniguchi

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ16-0373, (Released:2016-09-29)

被引用文献数

11

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Steroid hormones are mainly produced in adrenal glands and gonads. Because steroid hormones play vital roles in various physiological processes, replacement of deficient steroid hormones by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is necessary for patients with adrenal and gonadal failure. In addition to HRT, tissue regeneration using stem cells is predicted to provide novel therapy. Among various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into steroidogenic cells following ectopic expression of nuclear receptor (NR) 5A subfamily proteins, steroidogenic factor-1 (also known as adrenal 4 binding protein) and liver receptor homolog-1, with the aid of cAMP signaling. Conversely, these approaches cannot be applied to pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, because of poor survival following cytotoxic expression of NR5A subfamily proteins. However, if pluripotent stem cells are first differentiated through mesenchymal lineage, they can also be differentiated into steroidogenic cells via NR5A subfamily protein expression. This approach offers a potential suitable cells for future regenerative medicine and gene therapy for diseases caused by steroidogenesis deficiencies. It represents a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in steroidogenesis. This article highlights our own and current research on the induction of steroidogenic cells from various stem cells. We also discuss the future direction of their clinical application.

著者

Juan J. Chillarón Mercè Fernández-Miró Mercè Albareda Sara Fontserè Cristina Colom Lluís Vila Juan Pedro-Botet Juana A. Flores Le-Roux

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ16-0195, (Released:2016-07-22)

被引用文献数

5

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Testosterone deficiency (Td) has been associated with the metabolic syndrome. Few studies have evaluated this condition in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of testosterone undecanoate (TU) on insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and lipid profile in patients with Td and T1D. We performed a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study. Inclusion criteria: a) age ≥ 18 years; b) autoimmune diabetes; c) Td (total testosterone <10 nmol/L or calculated free testosterone <225 pmol/L and low/normal LH; d) ability to sign informed consent; e) comply with the study protocol. Exclusion criteria: a) pituitary tumor, empty sella, hyperprolactinemia, panhypopituitarism or secondary hypogonadism; b) contraindications for treatment with testosterone undecanoate (TU); c) patients who did not agree to sign their informed consent. Six patients were randomly assigned to testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment and 7 to placebo with the following dosing schedule: baseline, 6 weeks and 16 weeks. Blood test, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity were determined at baseline, 6, 16 and 22 weeks. No differences were observed regarding insulin sensitivity, HbA1c or basal glucose, anthropometric parameters or blood pressure. At 22 weeks, the decrease in total cholesterol was 37.4 ± 27.5 mg/dL in the TU group compared with an increase of 13.2 ± 17.8 mg/dL in the placebo group (P<0.005), and LDL cholesterol concentration decreased 30.2 ± 22.1 mg/dL, compared with an increase of 10.5 ± 13.4 mg/dL in the placebo group (P=0.004). We conclude that treatment with TU in patients with T1D and Td improves lipid profile, with no effects on metabolic control or anthropometric parameters.

著者

Masahiro Ito Tatiana Bogdanova Vladimir Saenko Tatiana Rogounovitch Norisato Mitsutake Hisayoshi Kondo Shigeto Maeda Masahiro Nakashima Shunichi Yamashita

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ14-0239, (Released:2014-09-20)

被引用文献数

5

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Geographic differences have been reported to affect the morphological and molecular features of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The area around Chernobyl is well-known to be iodine-deficient in contrast to Japan, an iodine-rich country. We reviewed histological differences in adult PTC between Ukraine and Japan. In total, 112 PTCs from age- and sex-matched adults (Ukraine 56, Japan 56) were evaluated histologically for several factors including tumor size, capsulation, tumor components (papillary, follicular, solid, trabecular), lymph node metastasis, extrathyroid invasion, lymphocytic infiltration, oxyphilic metaplasia, and MIB-1 index. We demonstrated that tumors were smaller (1.56 vs. 2.13 cm, p<0.05) and more solid and that lymph node metastasis was less frequent (14.3% vs. 48.2%, p<0.001) in Ukrainian cases. PTC subtype distribution was significantly different between the two groups. Solid variant (8.9% vs. 1.8%) and mixed subtypes with solid components were more frequent in Ukrainian patients. In contrast, classical papillary carcinomas were more frequent in Japanese cases (10.7% vs. 50.0%, p<0.001). Marked oxyphilic metaplasia was more common in Ukrainian cases (33.9 % vs. 8.9 %, p<0.001). MIB-1 index was significantly higher in Ukrainian cases (2.9% vs. 1.8%, p<0.001). However, the frequencies of tumor capsule formation and background lymphoid follicle formation around the tumor were similar between groups. Morphological differences in adult PTCs were similar to those in pediatric PTCs as reported previously, suggesting that morphogenesis of PTC is influenced by environmental factors, especially dietary iodine, as well as genetic factors.

著者

Chisato Tomoda Yuna Ogimi Fumi Saito Chie Masaki Junko Akaishi Kenichi Matsuzu Akifumi Suzuki Takashi Uruno Keiko Ohkuwa Hiroshi Shibuya Wataru Kitagawa Mitsuji Nagahama Kiminori Sugino Koichi Ito

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ15-0631, (Released:2015-12-10)

被引用文献数

1 6

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Metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is an uncommon cause of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and the characteristics and clinical course have been rarely described. Herein, we report a retrospective review of the clinical course of 18 patients (15 women and 3 men) with MPE from DTC who underwent treatment at our institution between January 2005 and December 2014. MPE from DTC was diagnosed based on cytology and/or level of thyroglobulin in the pleural fluid. Pathologically, papillary carcinoma was found in 16 patients and follicular carcinoma in 2 patients. Median ages at initial diagnosis of DTC and MPE were 64 years (range, 22-79) and 74 years (range, 39-86), respectively. All patients showed radiologically apparent lung metastases, with MPE developing after 0-212 months (median, 25). In 16 patients (88.9%), other coexistent distant metastases at the time of MPE diagnosis were found in the bone (n = 10), brain (n = 5), and skin (n = 2). All patients were treated conservatively with palliative thoracentesis or chest tube drainage with or without pleurodesis. Recurrent MPE after treatment was seen in 9 patients; discharge to home health care after treatment for MPE was possible for 14 patients. The overall survival after initial diagnosis varied considerably from 14 months to 37 years, but the median survival after appearance of MPE was 10 months (range, 1-28). Systemic therapy for iodine-resistant recurrent thyroid disease may need to be considered as a treatment option for patients with MPE.

著者

Tatsuhiko Urakami Remi Kuwabara Masako Aoki Misako Okuno Junichi Suzuki

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ15-0245, (Released:2015-12-03)

被引用文献数

2 12

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We evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching to insulin degludec (IDeg) from insulin glargine (IGlar) as basal-bolus therapy in young people with type 1 diabetes. The subjects were 36 patients, 21.3±1.0 years of age, with type 1 diabetes. IGlar had previously been injected once daily in 25 patients and twice daily in 11. They were then switched from IGlar to once-daily injection of IDeg. Both fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c levels decreased significantly from 134±3.9 mg/dL and 7.9±0.2% at baseline to 116±2.2 mg/dL and 7.4±0.2% at 12 months after starting IDeg (P<0.0001 and P=<0.001, respectively). Overall and nocturnal hypoglycemia (PG<70 mg/dL) frequencies also decreased significantly from 4.9±0.7 and 2.0±0.3 times/month to 2.4±0.3 and 0.4±0.1 times/month at 12 months after starting IDeg (P=<0.005 and P<0.0005, respectively). The daily basal insulin dose was significantly reduced from 0.48±004 units/kg/day at baseline to 0.38±0.0.3 units/kg/day at the end of the study period (P<0.0001), which corresponded to 79.2% of the baseline value. Trends were similar in patients receiving the once-daily injection and those given twice-daily injections, but basal-insulin value reductions from baseline were more marked in patients receiving twice-daily injections of basal insulin (76.0% vs. 82.6% of the baseline value). These results suggest that switching from IGlar to an appropriate dose of IDeg may effectively control hyperglycemia while reducing the frequency of hypoglycemia episodes in young Japanese people with type 1 diabetes.

著者

Masahiro Yamamoto

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ15-0129, (Released:2015-03-21)

被引用文献数

3 28

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Meta-analyses have revealed that the relative risk of hip fractures in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is higher than that in non-diabetic subjects. The risk of fracture in patients with diabetes mellitus increases along with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) similarly to those in non-diabetic patients. However, the observed risk of fracture is higher than expected one by BMD in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, indicating that precise estimation of bone fragility by BMD values in patients with diabetes is difficult. Bone strength consists of BMD and bone quality, for this reason, poor bone quality is a most suitable and explicable cause for elevated fracture risk in this population. This bone fragility observed in patients with diabetes mellitus is caused by unique pathogenesis in diabetes, suggesting that osteoporosis in diabetic patients may be one of the diabetic complications and that specific diagnostic criteria for this osteoporosis is required. Bone quality indicators closely related to bone fragility are required to be identified to establish a diagnostic method for osteoporosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

著者

Yasuhiro Ito Akira Miyauchi Kaoru Kobayashi Akihiro Miya

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.205-213, 2014 (Released:2014-03-30)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

17 30

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In this review, we focused on the patient age as an indicator of tumor growth and prognostic significance in both clinical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and subclinical papillary microcarcinoma (PMC: PTC ≤ 1 cm). In clinical PTC, young age (< 30 years) and old age (≥ 60 years) significantly affected the disease-free survival of patients, and old age was a strong predictor of carcinoma death. In contrast, in subclinical PMC, growth activity significantly decreased with patient age, and young age (< 40 years) was an independent predictor of carcinoma growth, indicating that old patients with subclinical PMC are the best candidates for observation without immediate surgery. Taken together, our findings indicate that the role of patients’ age as an indicator of tumor growth differs significantly between clinical PTC and subclinical PMC.

著者

Tatiana A. Leonova Valentina M. Drozd Vladimir A. Saenko Mariko Mine Johannes Biko Tatiana I. Rogounovitch Noboru Takamura Christoph Reiners Shunichi Yamashita

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ14-0408, (Released:2014-11-05)

被引用文献数

3

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Long-term management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) commonly includes TSH-suppressive therapy with L-T4 and, in case of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, Calcium-D3 supplementation, both of which may affect skeletal health. Experience with female patients treated for DTC at a young age and who were then receiving long-term therapy with L-T4 and Calcium-D3 medication is very limited to date. This cross-sectional study set out to investigate effects of Calcium-D3 supplementation and TSH-suppressive therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in 124 young female patients treated for DTC at a mean age of 14 years and followed-up for an average of 10 years. BMD was found to be significantly higher in patients receiving Calcium-D3 medication than in patients not taking supplements. The level of ionized calcium was the strongest factor determining lumbar spine BMD in patients not receiving Calcium-D3 supplementation. Pregnancy ending in childbirth and HDL-cholesterol were associated with a weak adverse effect on spine and femoral BMD. No evidence of adverse effects of L-T4 and of radioiodine therapies on BMD was found. We conclude that Calcium-D3 medication has a beneficial effect on BMD, and that TSH-suppressive therapy does not affect BMD in women treated for DTC at young age, at least after 10 years of follow-up.

著者

Masato Kotani Fumihiko Katagiri Tsuyoshi Hirai Jiro Kagawa

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ14-0137, (Released:2014-08-22)

被引用文献数

2 13

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The hypothalamic hormone kisspeptin (metastin) regulates human reproduction by modulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Kisspeptin is detected in peripheral blood, although GnRH is not. In this study, we measured plasma kisspeptin levels in four male cases with hypogonadism and seven normal male controls using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to elucidate the clinical implications of kisspeptin levels in male hypogonadism. The results showed a variety of plasma kisspeptin levels: 6.0 fmol/ml in a male with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), 43.2 fmol/ml in a male with Kallmann’s syndrome, 40.7 fmol/ml in a male with azoospermia, 323.2 fmol/ml in a male with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and 12.3 ± 2.5 fmol/ml (mean ± SD) in seven normal controls. Except for the case with IHH, the plasma kisspetin levels were elevated in the three cases with Kallmann’s syndrome, azoospermia, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The reason why the three cases had high values was their lesions were downstream of the kisspeptin neuron in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, suggesting that elevated kisspeptin levels were implicated in hypothalamic kisspeptin secretion under decreased negative feedback of gonadal steroids. The result that the plasma kisspeptin levels were decreased by gonadotropin therapy in the case with Kallmann’s syndrome supported this hypothesis. In conclusion, to measure plasma kisspeptin levels could be useful for better understanding of male hypogonadism.

著者

Keisuke Enomoto Yukie Enomoto Shinya Uchino Hiroto Yamashita Shiro Noguchi

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.629-635, 2013 (Released:2013-05-31)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

7 41

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Children and adolescents represent 1–1.5% of all patients with thyroid cancer (TC). The vast majority of TC in children and adolescents is papillary TC; follicular TC (FTC) is exceedingly rare. In this study, we evaluate the clinical and pathological features of FTC in children and adolescents. We also report the risk factors for post-operative tumor recurrence and the associated outcomes. Twenty children and adolescents (under 21 years old) with FTC have been treated and followed at Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation since 1946. All patients underwent surgery (lobectomy, 11; subtotal thyroidectomy, 8; and total thyroidectomy, 1), and 8 patients received postoperative external beam radiation therapy. The incidence of FTC in children and adolescents was 1.9% among all FTC patients treated in our hospital. Histopathology revealed vascular and capsular invasion in 9 and 20 patients, respectively. The tumor recurrence rate in FTC with vascular invasion is significantly higher than in those without it (p = 0.038). No other factors were significant. Patients with recurrences were treated with completion thyroidectomy and 131I radioactive iodine therapy. There were no significant differences in the rates of disease-free survival or cause-specific survival when pediatric/adolescent FTC patients were compared to adults with FTC. FTC is very rare among children and adolescents, but the outcomes are similar to those observed among adults. Vascular invasion is poor prognostic indicator in pediatric/adolescent FTC patients.

著者

Hiroyuki Ariyasu Hiroshi Iwakura Naoichiro Yukawa Toshinori Murayama Masayuki Yokode Harue Tada Kenichi Yoshimura Satoshi Teramukai Tatsuya Ito Akira Shimizu Atsushi Yonezawa Kenji Kangawa Tsuneyo Mimori Takashi Akamizu

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ14-0088, (Released:2014-04-17)

被引用文献数

6 20

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The majority of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement, but therapies using prokinetic agents are usually unsatisfactory. Ghrelin stimulates gastric motility in healthy human volunteers. In this study, we investigated whether ghrelin could improve gastric emptying in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms due to SSc. The study was performed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover fashion on two occasions. Ten SSc patients with GI tract involvement received an infusion of either ghrelin (5.0 μg/kg) or saline, and gastric emptying rate was evaluated by 13C-acetic acid breath test. Gastric emptying was significantly accelerated by ghrelin infusion in patients with SSc (ghrelin vs. saline: 43.3 ± 11.4 min vs. 53.4 ± 5.4 min, P≡0.03). No serious adverse effects were observed. Our results suggest that ghrelin might represent a new therapeutic approach for GI tract involvement in patients with SSc.

著者

Tomoyasu Fukui Tsutomu Hirano

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.7, pp.561-569, 2012 (Released:2012-07-31)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6 13

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The reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 2-cholesterol (C) in diabetes and other metabolic disorders associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease are well established. Few studies, however, have compared the HDL subspecies in type 1 diabetes (T1D) with those in type 2 diabetes (T2D) with or without insulin. We examined HDL subspecies in 27 T1D with insulin, 33 T2D with insulin or insulin plus oral-anti-diabetic drugs (OADs), 36 T2D with OADs or diet/exercise, and 25 non-diabetic controls. Insulin was injected four times daily in a basal-bolus manner for both T1D and T2D. Plasma levels of C, apolipoprotein (apo) AI, and AII were determined in HDL2 and HDL3 by the single precipitation method. HDL-C levels were significantly higher in T1D and lower in T2D, compared with the controls. Insulin-treated T2D had higher HDL-C than non-insulin-treated T2D. T1D had higher HDL2-C and HDL2-apo AI levels than T2D. Insulin-treated T2D had higher HDL2-C and HDL2-apo AI levels than non-insulin-treated T2D. All of these differences were more pronounced for men than for women. HDL3 levels were comparable among controls,T1D and T2D. HDL2-C levels were inversely associated with BMI, HbA1c, triglyceride, small dense LDL-C, and LDL-C. Multiple regression analysis revealed that HDL2-C was independently associated with triglyceride, LDL-C, and intensive insulin therapy but not with HbA1c. In conclusion, these results suggest that intensive insulin therapy is associated with alterations of HDL subspecies, irrespective of the type of diabetes.