著者

Radityo Haryo PUTRO Rie MIYAURA

出版者

Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.3, pp.113-124, 2020 (Released:2020-10-17)

参考文献数

53

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Permaculture-based farming systems are relatively unexplored in the humid tropics. A few studies have shown that permaculture in such areas has diverse roles and contributions, but these are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the unique social needs of local people or the natural environment in the humid tropics influence how permaculture systems are shaped to operate and have roles that fit under local context. The present study sought to identify and validate these influences toward three different aspects of the permaculture farm: 1) operations, 2) management, and 3) crop diversity. Field surveys were conducted in Indonesia between 2016–2019. A total of six permaculture farms were found across the country, and four farms (one in Yogyakarta and three in Bali) were able to cooperate for the present study. Analysis of quantitative data, such as for determining crop diversity, involved using the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices. We identified that the surveyed permaculture farms’ operations, farm management, and crop diversity were shaped by fundamental permaculture principles, socioeconomic factors such as operational needs and profit-related managerial decisions, and socio-cultural factors such as the beliefs of owners and local societal needs. All permaculture farms shared structural similarities with the Indonesian home garden, ‘pekarangan’ and it is preliminarily assumed that they were based on such design. A combination of these factors shaped Indonesian permaculture systems to operate in multiple ways, with unique farm management practices, and produce diverse types of crops.

著者

Kazuki SAITO Yoshimichi FUKUTA Seiji YANAGIHARA Kokou AHOUANTON Yoshimi SOKEI

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.51-57, 2014 (Released:2014-09-11)

参考文献数

29

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Four rainfed upland experiments were conducted in Benin to assess yield differences in 65 rice varieties, including the interspecific hybrids: the upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties developed from crossing Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud.. The mean grain yields ranged from 32 to 350 g/m2 across experiments. The genotype × environment (G×E) interaction accounted for 15% of the total sum of squares, with environment and genotype responsible for 74 and 12%, respectively. Upland indica B6144F-MR-6-0-0 performed well in three out of four environments, showing consistently higher yields than other upland NERICA varieties and their parents. Upland indica Aus257 was stable across environments with good adaption to poor soil fertility. None of the upland NERICA varieties showed consistently higher yields than their parents across the four environments. The group of long-duration varieties (e.g. IR 8, IR 24, Taichung Native1) performed well only in most-favorable environments. The high-yielding varieties B6144F-MR-6-0-0 and Aus257 were intermediate in panicle number (160–180 panicles/m2 on average). This was the only common characteristic among the highest yielding varieties. These results suggest that further increases in rice yields in the rainfed uplands of West Africa are most likely to occur through using upland indica varieties as donors.

著者

Sota YAMAMOTO Tutie DJARWANINGSIH Harry WIRIADINATA

出版者

Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.94-101, 2014 (Released:2015-07-30)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

1

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Capsicum chinense is thought to have been domesticated in the lowlands east of the Andes Mountains in South America. It is grown in Southeast Asia, but its distribution there remains unknown. We conducted literature, specimen, field, and market surveys of C. chinense in Indonesia to investigate its introduction into Indonesia and to determine its current distribution. One dried specimen collected in 1912 and stored as Capsicum sp. appears to be either C. frutescens or C. chinense. An illustration of C. frutescens in Ochse (1931), which actually appears to be C. chinense, suggests that C. chinense may have been introduced into Indonesia before World War II; however, the distribution of C. chinense in Southeast Asia remains very limited to this today. In Indonesia, C. chinense is distributed widely on at least the three major islands of Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi with several morphologically different fruit types; it is used as an ornamental plant as well as a spice. Four species of the genus Capsicum, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. pubescens, and C. chinense, are distributed in Indonesia, which suggests that Indonesia has more genetic resources and more potential to breed species of Capsicum than other countries in Southeast and East Asia.

著者

Maulana I. KAMIL Irwin M. UMAMI Khairun N. KAMARUDIN HERMANSAH Susumu. S. ABE

出版者

Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.77-81, 2022 (Released:2022-09-02)

参考文献数

14

著者

Yoshinori YAMAMOTO Naoya TAKEMORI Fransiscus Suramas RENBON Tetsushi YOSHIDA Yona RANDONGKIR Hubertus MATANUBUN Akira MIYAZAKI

出版者

Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.17-28, 2021 (Released:2021-07-16)

参考文献数

28

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The biomass of sago palms, growing in the natural forest of South Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia, was measured by fresh and dry weights, and the change in the biomass production in each organ/part with age was examined, using the number of leaf scars and leaves as an index of palm age (a total of 16 plants with 19–145 number of leaf scars and leaves). The biomass increased exponentially after trunk formation, especially after attaining 80 leaf scars and leaves and the fresh and dry weights of the above-ground part (shoot) at the optimal harvest stage (from bolting to the emergence of the inflorescence stage) were 3200–3700 kg and 1030–1230 kg, respectively. The trunk mainly contributed to the increase in the shoot biomass, and the leaf contribution was small. With increasing palm age, the ratio of leaves—mainly the petiole and leaf sheath—in the shoot biomass decreased, while that of trunk, mainly pith, increased. The fresh and dry weight ratios of the pith at the harvest stage to the shoot weight were 66% and 57%, respectively, and 80% and 71% to the lower trunk weight, respectively. Sago palms in the natural forest tended to have a lower dry matter percentage in the pith, a higher ratio of bark and a lower ratio of pith in the dry weight at the harvest stage than did the sago palms under cultivation conditions.

著者

Hiroshi MATSUDA Hirokazu HIGUCHI

出版者

Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.79-82, 2019 (Released:2020-03-07)

参考文献数

10

著者

Hiroaki SAMEJIMA Byoung-Jae PARK

出版者

Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.12-17, 2019 (Released:2019-08-20)

参考文献数

33

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Guava leaf extract has significant application in natural remedies and cosmetics. In this study, we have focused on the total polyphenol content and inhibition activity against skin dermis enzymes (collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase) and carbohydrate digestion enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Dried powdered guava leaves were extracted in 70% methanol and lyophilized to produce a crude extract. Aliquots were further divided into Hexane fr., EtOAc fr., BuOH fr., and Water fr. Total polyphenol content was the highest in the BuOH fr. among the crude extract and the four fractions. The Hexane fr. did not reach the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) against all the enzymes studied. The crude extract, BuOH fr., and Water fr. showed low IC50 (high inhibition activity) against collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase, with the BuOH fr. having the highest inhibition activity. In addition, this had high inhibition activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The ability to inhibit multiple enzymes, relating to skin aging or carbohydrate digestion, suggests significant potential for using guava leaf extract in natural remedies and cosmetics.

著者

Tomohiro KONDO Chitose HONSHO

出版者

Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.132-135, 2018 (Released:2018-10-12)

参考文献数

10

著者

YAMAMOTO Sota KAWANISHI Motohiro NISHIMURA Satoru

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.170-178, 2015

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It is considered that a "traditional" diet based on staple starchy crops and marine resources has been replaced by a "modern" diet in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). However, research on FSM dietary patterns has previously been short-term in nature; diet has not been surveyed over a full year. Therefore, a detailed study of household food consumption at every meal for 12 months was conducted to discover present dietary patterns on Piis-Paneu Island, Chuuk Atoll, in the FSM. We compared our data to those of previous studies in an effort to understand real food behavior in the FSM. People on Piis-Paneu Island often consumed imported food, especially rice, canned fish, and instant noodles. However, they also often consumed local resources, including breadfruit, banana, Cyrtosperma merkusii, fish, and other marine resources. Moreover, they still cooked Alocasia macrorrhizos in a traditional manner, to remove calcium oxalate. A. macrorrhizos is a form of famine food that is plentiful on the island. Dietary patterns on Piis-Paneu Island seem to be basically "traditional", but incorporate "modern" food, rather than being intermediate between "traditional" and "modern". Breadfruit is often emphasized as a very important crop in Chuuk State or Micronesia in general, but it is noteworthy that the fast growth and stable production of banana throughout the entire year supports subsistence on small islands of the FSM.

著者

YAMAMOTO Sota KAWANISHI Motohiro NISHIMURA Satoru

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.161-169, 2015

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Before the 1950s, the population of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) consumed a traditional diet based on starch staple crops and marine resources. This began to be replaced by a modern food in the 1960s and this phenomenon accelerated after a Compact of Free Association was signed between the FSM and the United States in 1986. Previous researches on dietary patterns in the FSM were undertaken only for a very short-period and they did not indicate the dietaries for the whole year. Therefore, a detailed study of household food consumption for every meal over a period of 18 months was conducted to understand the dietary patterns of the inhabitants of Pingelap Island, Pohnpei State, the FSM. Inhabitants of Pingelap Island were partially dependent on imported rice, but they all consumed banana, breadfruit, mweiang (Cyrtosperma merkusii; giant swamp taro), and fish obtained locally at a high frequency. Breadfruit was available seasonally, so the frequency of its consumption fluctuated, and consumption of banana and mweiang increased depending on the availability of breadfruit. The consumption frequencies of imported fresh meat, canned fish, and canned meat were very low. These observations suggest that the dietary patterns on Pingelap Island resemble traditional diets, with a reliance on food available locally and favorable for food security.

著者

Masao KIKUCHI Yoko KIJIMA Yusuke HANEISHI Tatsushi TSUBOI

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.78-84, 2014 (Released:2014-09-11)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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Doubt is often cast over the accuracy of the official statistics on crops, made public as FAOSTAT, for developing countries, particularly those in sub-Sahara Africa. This paper examines the recent revisions made in the ‘official’ rice statistics of Uganda, together with the rice-related statistics of the latest Uganda Census of Agriculture, to point out some anomalies in these basic rice statistics, and proposes possible revisions of the ‘official’ series.