著者

SUGAI Toshihiko Elena Yu. NOVENKO

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.2, pp.80-81, 2015 (Released:2015-07-04)

著者

Olga RUDENKO Ekaterina TALDENKOVA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.2, pp.82-90, 2015 (Released:2015-07-04)

参考文献数

59

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First high-resolution micropaleontologic investigation was carried out for bottom sediments of the Cheshskaya Bay (SE Barents Sea) and marine beds exposed in abrasive terrace along the eastern coast of the Kanin Peninsula. Sediments from 2 gravity cores and a 7.5-m thick terrace section were analyzed for pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP), including spores, freshwater green algae and cysts of marine dinoflagellates. The age of the sediments was constrained by the reference to the regional sea-level history from the earliest Holocene to present, thus the pollen records reveal the environmental history for the last ca. 10.0 ka. Sparse treeless vegetation with dwarf Betula and halophytic inhabitants of seaside watts (cereals, wormwood and sedges) indicating arctic desert environment with colder and drier than present climate dominated the Cheshskaya Bay coast during the early Preboreal period. Gradual advance of shrubby-birch and piny forest-tundra with alder communities along river valleys resulted from significant climate amelioration which concurred with the Pholas inundation since the Boreal period. Postdated expansion of tree-birch inland the Kanin Peninsula and firry-birch light-forests along the Cheshskaya Bay coast marked the Holocene regional climate optimum. Re-establishment of the dwarf-birch and piny forest tundra signalized vegetation feedback to the cooling since the end of Atlantic period.

著者

KHAOKHRUEAMUANG Amnaj

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.157-173, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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This paper recreates an appropriate tourism model to sustain rural land use in Mae Kampong village, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The study focuses on the village’s current land use and existing tourism management. The data, collected by interview and field observation, were analyzed and compared with tourism trends in the area for modification into an integrated tourism model for sustainable rural land use. In this paper, the sustainability of rural land use is shown to derive from the maintenance and increase of community capital, including natural, human, social, financial or built, and cultural capital. These categories of capital can also be comparably merged with four elements of rural land use sustainability, ecological, economic, social, and cultural sustainability as a conceptual framework for an integrated tourism model. Land use in Mae Kampong village can be sustained by the existing tourism management model, which has been integrated mainly by community-based tourism and ecotourism. Recently, however, long-stay tourism and health tourism have arisen with the possibility of creating new resources and generating new wealth from tourism and rural land use, such as an increase in rental houses and resort hotels, the development of health products from forest tea, and the organic local food served to tourists in homestays. The recreated tourism model, therefore, is integrated by four types of tourism, community-based, long-stay, health, and ecotourism, so as to achieve a higher living standard which attributed the overall rural land use sustainability to four components of its sustainability.

著者

ARAKI Hitoshi CHANDEL Rajendra Singh

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.174-188, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

14

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From the viewpoint of the food chain and based on an intensive survey, we discussed the growth of horticulture and the impact on remote rural villages. A case-study village was selected in Raebareli District, Uttar Pradesh, that is outside the area directly affected by big cities like Lucknow and Kanpur, in order to investigate the real situation of farmers engaged in the newly developed horticulture. According to the survey some farmers can get higher income from the recently introduced commercial crops such as banana, mango and menthol but the cost of cultivation is not small. Therefore, only higher-level farmers can introduce these high-income commercial crops and the lower-level ones cannot. In this sense the direct impact of the newly introduced commercial crops is exclusive to the higher-level farmers. But we focused on the increase in employment opportunities for agricultural laborers within the village. This is created by the commercial crop farming of higher-level farmers. Lower-level villagers cannot self-directively engage in agricultural labor in the horticultural sector, though the higher-level farmers can develop their self-directive farm management. However, in whatever form, expansion of cash income opportunities has brought chances to improve quality of life in remote rural areas where there are very few non-agricultural employment opportunities. It is important for the village to introduce commercial crops as a form of horticultural crop that needs much manpower to cultivate. Such crops carry significance for the village economy, more so than the traditional crops that have been mechanized and need little manpower to cultivate.

著者

SUGIMOTO Koun

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.189-197, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 2

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Understanding the type of spaces and scenery that people prefer is important when designing and managing tourist destinations. A technique based on participants’ own photography has been used to analyze visitors’ scenic perceptions during their on-site experiences. We created a density map of visitors’ photo-taking locations and thus evaluated the space potential, based on their visual preferences. This study attempts to reduce certain biases by modeling the maps using the kernel density estimation (KDE) method. Two types of weighted scores are used in the density computation and five indicators are set as the components of the weighted scores: the scores of likeability which indicates the emotional distance with each photograph, the scores based on the object types of photos, the reciprocal number of photographs created by each participant, the distance between the photo-taking locations and the participants’ starting points, and the reciprocal of the photo-taking time. The weighted scores enabled more accurate density maps of the photo-taking locations, better indicating the potential of locations when compared to the result with non-weighted scores. The results will contribute to park management and to policies relating to the conservation, maintenance, and promotion of visual resources.

著者

ARAKI Hitoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.1, pp.1, 2014 (Released:2014-10-03)

著者

YIN Guanwen

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.1, pp.15-26, 2014-08-29 (Released:2014-10-03)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Efforts to implement sustainability-oriented policies through environmental governance have become increasingly critical across the globe, during the past 20 years. This article analyzes the policy-making process of an Eco-Town project, a support policy for the development of the recycling industry in Japan, based on a case study in Kitakyushu City. Contrary to the majority of literature on Eco-Towns, which primarily examines economic factors, this article aims to illustrate the struggles, negotiations, and collaboration necessary between the local government and actors at different scales. In order to implement a recycling scheme in the post-steel era, the Kitakyushu City Government coordinated with various actors through the strategy of scale. The local government initiated a local recycling scheme to address global environmental issues and to persuade other actors to change their attitudes. The local government contacted national actors to seek support and stretch its influence. Similarly, facing protests by citizens and civic organizations, it emphasized environmental issues on a global scale in order to legitimize its claims and seek understanding. Furthermore, it cooperated with actors in other countries to continue to stretch its influence on a transnational scale. As a result, consensus was established and a cooperative relationship emerged among the actors participating in the policy-making process. The recycling scheme was then successfully implemented as an Eco-Town project, and the Eco-Town concept spread to the transnational scale indicating that the strategy of scale is useful in the policy-making process and in expanding the influence of the policy.

著者

MATSUHASHI Koji MIZUNO Masahiko KASHIMA Hiroshi ODA Hironobu

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.82-91, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

95

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to review geographical studies on manufacturing industries in Japan over the past two decades, with particular focus on industrial agglomeration, the geography of large manufacturing firms, and industrial regions. Academic discussions on industrial agglomerations in Japan have shared some common subjects with those in North America and Europe, but took a different direction from the latter in the Japanese economic context. Empirical studies on industrial agglomeration have been tackled from diverse viewpoints. It is not easy to sum up their main view. In order to prevent the discussion from scattering, empirical studies have to be particularly sensitive to the geographic scale and its spatial characteristics. It is also important that the many theoretical works, conducted more than in other countries, provide the common base of discussion in empirical studies. Since the 1990s, globalization has brought about a rise in foreign direct investment in Asia through Japanese multi-national enterprises (MNEs), and at the same time, “hollowing out” of industries appeared on the Japanese manufacturing landscape. However, studies on shifting spatial systems within Japanese manufacturing remain insufficient in their attempt to understand the real character of spatial systems in terms of the international division of labor in East and South Asia. It is necessary to take up the following three issues both theoretically and empirically: first, the production systems of the Japanese MNEs in East and South Asian countries; second, inter-regional and international division of labor in East and South Asia; and third, the repercussions of locating abroad and offshoring manufacturing on industrial regions within the home country. Relocation abroad and offshoring of manufacturing have brought about an unequal development among industrial regions. Empirical work on the economic and social effects through the increasing reorganization of industrial regions has emerged as important. In addition to these issues, seeking an alternative system of local manufacturing for survival, creating high-value-added jobs and innovative activities, poses the emerging challenge in the study of this sphere.

著者

TANAKA Koichi IMAI Michio

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.92-99, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purposes of this study are to summarize the achievements of recent transportation geography in Japan since 1990s and to reconsider the changing trends based on socioeconomic changes in Japan. Additionally, issues which should be addressed by transportation geographers are reviewed. Most recent studies of transportation geography have concerned automobile transportation and regional public transportation. Many studies on automobile transportation have been found in Japanese transportation geography: diffusion of motorization and its effect on regional structure until the mid-1990s, and the effect of transportation infrastructure, including highways, until the mid-2000s. Meanwhile, micro-scale studies on regional public transportation have increased since the early 2000s. In other words, the interest of Japanese transportation geography has shifted from the positive effects of transportation to the issues confronting regional public transportation. The following can be pointed out as factors of the change: drastic socioeconomic changes since the 1990s such as a protracted recession, an easing of regulations, and an aging society. Transportation geographers are needed to address the following issues. The first is the construction and operation of flexible types of transportation, such as DRT (Demand Responsive Transportation), to correspond to regional characteristics from a short-term standpoint. The second issue is improvements in the regional structure, including spatial distribution of the population and essential facilities from a long-term standpoint. An approach from a transportation geography perspective is important for resolving the issues on public transportation with consideration of regional characteristics.

著者

MIYAUCHI Hisamitsu

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.100-110, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper provides an overview of the trends in Japan’s geographical studies on islands by tabulating all academic papers published from 1907 through 2012. The paper offers a bird’s-eye perspective on the overall research trends as well as identifying more specific trends based on the research results since the 1980s in each of the research fields. There were five waves when islands were actively studied. Of the two categories of geographical island studies, Group 2 rooted in systematic geography made great advances after the 1980s. In addition to the studies on agriculture, settlement and fishery which had always been popular, there was an increase in the number of studies concerning new human phenomena, such as tourism, transportation and population. In contrast, Group 1 studies on island theory and island policy have not progressed since the 1980s. Better organization of researchers involved in island studies and more active research exchanges can lead to the vitalization of island studies within Japan’s geographical studies. It is anticipated that this will also serve to revive and further develop studies on island theory and island policy. Hereafter, island studies must research practical achievements in response to the various problems faced by islands, including the issues of land use, ecology, and aging population combined with the diminishing number of children. Further, through collaborations with researchers abroad and empirical studies on the issues of the islands of the world in this global age, there is a possibility that theories applicable to Japanese islands may be reconstructed from a global point of view.

著者

TSUCHIYA Jun

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.111-119, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 2

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This study reviews geographical studies on Japan’s retailing systems. Retail system studies encompass several topics: 1) economic growth and retail development in the 1960s, 2) retail format diversification beginning in the 1980s, 3) informatization in Japan’s distribution systems, 4) suburban retailing development in the 1990s, and 5) Japan’s distribution system internationalization. To explain these themes comprehensively, this study sets up two domains, “retail store location” and “retail chain management,” both of which are related to each other. For example, information and delivery networks have influenced store locations, because chain stores try to reduce total delivery costs as far as possible by store location strategies, for instance, high density store networks for convenience store chains. This study aims to explain how retail chains developed their own networks in Japanese consumer markets and impacted and restructured Japanese retailing systems.

著者

ARIMA Takayuki

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.120-131, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

23

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This article attempts to examine the changes in Japanese tourism geography in the 2000s, clarifying the results of its researchers, textbooks and academic papers, and consider future visions. The most notable development in the changing demographics of the researchers is a drop in the average age. Young researchers who are mainly university students have had the chance to learn tourism geography as a first discipline at their universities. However, judging by the evidence from textbooks, tourism geography in Japan only began to be admitted as an academic discipline in this decade and a statement of definition of tourism geography is going to be more related to ‘space’ mind rather than ‘region’ mind. On the other hand, however, none of the textbooks have introduced a common theory or models of tourism space. As regards academic papers in the 2000s, peer-reviewed papers tend to be in major geographical journals in Japan, but a higher number of papers are published in bulletins. This situation may arise from the fact that tourism geography is based mostly on regional studies. Also the methodology of Japanese tourism geography is not as advanced compared with the rest of the world, and more scientific methodology is needed in the research such as statistical method, qualitative survey methods, GIS or collaborative methods with the physical sciences.

著者

KUMAKI Yohta

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.132-137, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 2

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Japan is subject to disasters due to its natural condition. Until the 1970s, the relationship between river flood and the geomorphological condition in alluvial plains was studied and the results were applied to hazard mapping. After the 1980s, landslide and debris flow, earthquake, and volcanic activity became the main problems of disaster prevention. After the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake Disaster of 1995, geographical studies on earthquake disaster have increased. The Association of Japanese Geographers (AJG) established the Commission of Disaster Responses in 2001, and the commission holds symposia on disasters from the geographical viewpoint every year in the general meeting of the AJG. The mapping of the tsunami stricken area of the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster of 2011 was carried out by a special team of the Association of Japanese Geographers. A study relating to that disaster is being conducted now in the fields of physical geography and human geography. The role of the Japanese geographer is becoming very important throughout the world in the study of disasters.

著者

ICHIKAWA Yasuo

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.138-156, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

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The objective of this study is to clarify the changes of agriculture in mountainous regions under the Common Agricaltural Policy (CAP) by focusing on the relationship between farm management and agricultural policy in the mountainous regions of France. In particular, a composition of income from subsidies that accounted for the total agricultural income and an investigation on the perspectives of farm households were emphasized. Since the 1960s, structural policy has differentiated between dairy husbandry management and other Mézenc operations, decreased the agricultural population, increased the number of corporation management companies, and increased productivity by agricultural production engineering and the breed improvement of livestock and grain. Meanwhile, production control policy promoted management differentiation between dairy farmers of Mézenc and diversified management types by preferential measures for beef cattle and sheep. As for agricultural income, it was clarified that the dependence of beef cattle farmers and farmers of mixed sheep on subsidies was high because of payment for the number of livestock and because dairy farmers who could not receive payment connected directly to production were disadvantaged in receiving a subsidy. However, it was clarified that cross-compliance (environment compliance rules) for subsidy requirements increased the burden of farm households and, as a result, decreased the motivation for farming operations; hence, there exists a backlash against the system and the government.

著者

YAGASAKI Noritaka

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.1-5, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

19

著者

SUZUKI Yasuhiro

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.6-21, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

177

被引用文献数

4

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Tectonic geomorphology has played important roles in active fault studies in Japan. Following large historical earthquakes, the concept of active fault was formulated and detailed information has rapidly accumulated. This paper reviews the progress of active fault studies in Japan since the 1980s. The period 1980 to 1994 can be regarded as the matured period of active fault studies during seismic calm. The studies conducted during this period are categorized into the following: 1) excavation studies of active faults, 2) analytical studies of tectonic landform evolution based on dislocation models, 3) chronological studies supported by the development of age determination techniques, and 4) studies quantifying the rate of crustal deformation. In 1995, the Great Kobe Earthquake occurred. The earthquake triggered a seismically active period in Japan, and the active fault has become an important issue in disaster mitigation. The research in the decade after 1995 can be summarized as follows: 1) intensive investigations of active faults, 2) detailed large-scale mapping, 3) seismic reflection profiling, 4) long-term forecasts of earthquakes, 5) careful study of flexural deformation, and 6) overseas research on large destructive earthquakes. Then, the period since 2005 has witnessed the rediscovery of active faults, with research considering 1) the relations between the large earthquakes which often occurred in this period and their seismogenic active faults, 2) precise distribution of active faults, 3) the relations between active tectonics and geodetical movement, 4) the relations between interplate earthquakes and submarine active faults, and 5) the difficult problems of prevention against infrequent disasters like the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Additionally, since around 2006, some nuclear power plants have faced problems associated with active faults because some active faults had been overlooked or ignored in the seismic design of these plants. Active fault research now bears greater social responsibility.

著者

MATSUOKA Norikazu

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.22-32, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

125

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper reviews glacial and periglacial geomorphology and associated studies on physical geography and Quaternary geology, undertaken by Japanese researchers during the last three decades. Major progress has been achieved in two aspects. First, overseas fieldwork in a wide range of polar and alpine regions has promoted understanding of present-day glacier and permafrost landforms, processes and sediments. The outcomes have greatly influenced domestic research, improving the interpretation of past glaciation and periglaciation in Japan. Second, Japanese studies have made significant contributions to the international research communities in applying tephrochronology to dating tills and periglacial structures, proposing a distinct feature of glacial advances possibly reflecting climate conditions in eastern Asia, promoting comprehensive monitoring of periglacial processes and understanding periglacial processes in seasonal frost and marginal periglacial conditions.

著者

YOSHIDA Yoko MURATA Yohei KAGEYAMA Honami

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.33-39, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

3 3

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The debate over gender emerged in the field of geography in Japan around 1990, and geographers began conducting case studies in the late 1990s. However, it cannot be denied that the geography of gender is a minority field in Japan. This paper attempts to explore how the geography of gender in Japan can be developed in the future. While the concept of gender is gradually becoming more common in geography, there is a fairly common tendency to reduce the concept of gender to an “extraction of gender differences” and regard it as an issue only for women. It is not insignificant to map gender differences and tackle the issues of women’s spaces. They are suited to ascertaining spaces from macro- or meso-scales. The issue is whether such research studies (and researchers) are aware of the positional relationship between the research subjects and themselves. This is because by highlighting the current spatial issues of gender while adopting a reflective perspective on power relations and researchers’ own gender relations, stances aimed at resolving various types of discrimination can be discussed. Furthermore, there are some reservations around thinking of the issues of gender independently. Within Japanese human geography, many “geographies” currently exist for each research subject. In order to clarify the structure of inequality and the oppression borne from intersecting several axes of distinction, including gender, it is necessary for segmented “geographies” to have a theoretical framework common to all its foundations. For the geography of gender, it is not always necessary to look at a research subject from a neutral standpoint. This is because research studies that view gender as an issue cannot help but focus on the power relations. A critical stance is being sought.

著者

OKAHASHI Hidenori

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.40-51, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

100

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This article examines research on modern India carried out by Japanese geographers, specifically since the 1980s. The studies were undertaken during a period corresponding with partial economic liberalization during the 1980s and full-fledged economic liberalization since 1991, when India’s transition from stagnant to dynamic became apparent. This paper investigates a variety of factors in India’s development. First it examines research relating to the changes in agriculture and the rural development that were key to India’s economic development. Second, it examines the dynamic features bringing about major regional changes as part of economic liberalization to include reorganization of spatial structures pertaining to industrialization and the formation of new industrial regions, the progression of urbanization and development of major cities, and economic growth. During this period, the research conducted by Japanese geographers yielded many important achievements and results based on fieldwork. Because the research has been conducted in an era of economic liberalization and rapid economic growth, there are a number of studies that provide insights into the socioeconomic changes in India’s cities, villages, and the mechanisms behind them. However, research studies on metropolitan cities and on the spatial structures of a nationwide scale have only just got underway, and we hope for more systematic research on them in the future.

著者

MIYAZAWA Hitoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.52-61, 2013-07-30 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

103

被引用文献数

2

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Fertility decline and population aging are progressing rapidly in Japan. To develop an appropriate welfare system to accommodate this aging society, coupled with low fertility, welfare reform has been implemented in Japan since around 2000. Demographic and political changes have stimulated Japanese geographers to study welfare-related issues. Since the latter half of the 1990s, many reports in the literature of Japanese geographical circles have described welfare issues. This article is intended to introduce geographical studies that have specifically examined welfare issues in Japan. There are three themes of the studies: 1) provision of welfare services, especially elderly care services and childcare services; 2) community reorganization to cope with an aging society; and 3) housing problems of vulnerable groups, including single elderly people, female-headed households, and homeless people. This article presents a review of existing geographical studies of each theme, and presents some themes for additional study.