著者

畷 絵里

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.189-211, 2017-03-10

著者

増田 忠信

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.97-125, 2014-11-28

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the starting point of Japanese people's morality.Moral standards, which are historically constructed, provide us with a measure of which behavioural patterns are acceptable and which are not.The transition from tsuwamono (soldiers) to bushi (warriors) created a peculiar value standard for Japanese people, leading to the so-called Bushido.Reflecting on the pre-Bushido period in Japan can help to understand themselves better. The framework of this paper is as follows : First, I consider what was regarded as evil in the Heian era by examining Vol. 29 of the Konjaku Monogatari.Second, I investigate the word tsuwamono in the Konjaku Monogatari and Shomonki.The way that this word is employed in those two texts suggests that people in the Heian era regarded Tsuwamono ambivalently, as newcomers. Third, comparing the Konjaku Monogatari Vol.25 with the Shomonki, I examine Taira no Masakado's Rebellion (939-940), which is a typical example of the transition from tsuwamono to bushi.I conclude that tsuwamono, originally related to the common people through land or locality, became a newly-influential power by their ability to pacify rebellions. Their transformation into bushi was the result. In the world of Heian aristocrats, the common people were not held to have the same moral sense that noble-born members of the Imperial Court enjoyed. Accordingly, they would be willing to join a rebellion if the time and circumstances were right. Since the gap between tsuwamono and bushi and the common people in their attitudes to work, rebellion, religion and other matters was so small, it became possible for them to hold a similar moral sense. As a result, from the second half of the Heian era onward Japanese people began to make their moral decisions based on a similar set of attitudes to those found in the tsuwamono no michi and, later, the Way of the Samurai.

著者

畷 絵里

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.57-85, 2016-10-03

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In recent years, the teaching method called `active learning' has attracted attention in accordance with the report of the Central Council for Education in 2012, which recommends learner-centered education for the purpose of developing skills of the students. From such a point of view, the drama education is thought to have various benefits. First of all, drama helps improve an integrated ability in language learning. In practicing drama, the student reads the script, memorizes his /her lines, repeats them aloud again and again, listens to others and carries on the conversation considering the context. In this way the student can also build up communicative competence. This is a great advantage of drama education. In addition, since the Meiji era, drama-theatre education has been recommended as an effective method of general education for the formation of character and has been adopted in child education. Brian Way and other researchers argue that the purpose of drama education is "the development of the whole person." In drama activities the student faces various problems. In order to solve the problems, he/ she tries to establish good relationships with others. Through such experiences the student will learn to cooperate and collaborate, acquire leadership, and become a helpful person. Drama education, in which the student has opportunities to behave actively and acquire a variety of skills and competences, accords with the concept of `active learning.' Statistics show that students themselves tend to be reluctant to participate in `active learning' types of classes. However, by maintaining in them high motivation `to make the drama successful,' it will be possible to render them more positive. In this paper I examine the drama activities practiced in Italian language classes at Momoyama Gakuin University to show the effects of drama education.

著者

日下 隆平

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.245-276, 2015-03-23

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The Victorian-era Scottish poet James Thomson (1834-1882), who wrote under the pseudonym "B.V.", is best known for his long poem The City of Dreadful Night. Although the poem had the power to attract readers, it was full of pessimistic and uncanny elements. When the first half of the poem was published in the National Reformer in 1874, such dominant literary figures as William Michael Rossetti and George Eliot expressed their admiration, but the remainder of the poem failed to appear because of its being "so alien from common thought and feeling" (Thomson). The evaluation of a poet might be said to depend on how much space is devoted to his/ her poems by The Oxford Book of English Verse. While Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch selected only four of Thomson's short poems for the 1900 edition, in 1972 Helen Gardner chose to include every line of "Proem", along with parts of "Section 1" of The City of Dreadful Night. Such editorial decisions indicate that the poem had come to be esteemed much more highly than before. T. S. Eliot played an important role in this change of evaluation. This paper deals primarily with the echoes of Thomson's work in The Waste Land and "Rhapsody on a Windy Night." Eliot read Thomson's poems during his formative years between the ages of 16 and 20, along with the works of another Scottish poet, John Davidson. Thomson drew parallels between Dante's Inferno and The City of Dreadful Night by quoting the inscription over the gate of Dante's Hell as the poem's Epigraph. In addition, the city as image which Thomson used in the poem inspired Eliot to write both The Waste Land and "Rhapsody on a Windy Night." In part 1, the changing evaluation of The City of Dreadful Night is discussed, followed by the Epigraph and "Proem" (part 2), the image of the City in "Section 1" (part 3), and the synopsis of The City of Dreadful Night (part 4), and Surreal City and Unreal City (part 5).

著者

本多 隆司

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.261-276, 2017-03-10

著者

伊藤 潔志

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.29-53, 2015-10-27

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This paper aims to reconsider, from the viewpoint of educational ethics, the "religious neutrality of education" that is a fundamental principle of Japan's Basic Act on Education. Religious neutrality in education is a concrete example of the principle of the separation of church and state. The history of the relationship between church and state in the USA and Europe reveals that separation of the two has been enacted in each individual country as a result of a wide range of developments, and could therefore be called a political "product of compromise." The relationship among the three fundamental principles - separation of church and state, freedom of belief, and the spirit of tolerance - can be describedas follows. First, freedom of belief has the definitive meaning of having freedom to follow one's own personal beliefs. However, when this freedom is expanded to mean freedom of belief for both oneself and others, it becomes a right with universal value. What makes such an expansion possible is the spirit of tolerance. For this reason, it can be said that the spirit of tolerance is a condition for freedom of belief, and that the result of the systemization of this spirit of tolerance is the separation of church and state. The separation of church and state thus becomes a means to safeguard freedom of belief. These three elements are inter-related. Tolerance appears to be a universal concept, but it is based on an extremely Protestant philosophy. The same can also be said of freedom of belief, and of the separation of church and state. Moreover, the limits inherent in the separation of church and state are inextricably linked to the limits of religious neutrality in education.

著者

王 竹

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.123-144, 2016-10-03

著者

小野 良子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.5-35, 2016-02-26

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This paper is an attempt to re-examine the narrative technique adopted in The Great Gatsby. The first chapter deals with the structure and the authority of the first-person narrative. The second chapter analyzes how Gatsby, introduced as the main character of the book, is portrayed from the narrator's point of view. The narrator assumes the role of the omniscient "I" and endeavors to recollect the smallest details of his encounter with Gatsby ; however, the `authorized' story-telling reveals the psychological depth of the narrator himself and his emotionally biased judgements about Gatsby. The first-person narrative fails to present the clear portrayal of Gatsby, only to create the character in the way the narrator wants to see.

著者

牧 みぎわ

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.213-240, 2017-03-10

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The safety of food is a matter of great concern in the world today. In Italy,the homeland of pasta, the safety of wheat is a focus of attention and arousingan intense controversy. However, a thorough check of its quality is very difficultbecause of the enormous quantity of imported wheat which is goingaround. Under these circumstances, ancient types of wheat like Spelt andCamut are attracting an increasing interest for their primitiveness and, therefore,safety.In the same way, a wheat cultivar Senatore Cappelli is being reevaluated. Itwas created in 1915 by an Italian agricultural geneticist Nazareno Strampelli,as the first cultivar of hard wheat (Durum). It is the ancestor of almost all ofthe hard types of wheat existing and circulating now. The Senatore Cappellialso contributed to the “Green Revolution” and turned Southern Italy into afertile land, but after the World War Ⅱ, it went driven away by new cultivars.Only recently the Senatore Cappelli is regaining its reputation, especiallyamong professionals of the food market. In this paper I try to examine thevalue of this species of wheat and show its significance in today’s Italy.

著者

梅山 秀幸

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.363-386, 2015-03-23