著者

濱田 治良 パラメイ ガリーナ V. エーレンシュタイン ヴァルター H.

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究 (ISSN:09199810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.1-13, 2000-12-12

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Apparent size of circles in the Delboeuf configuration wasjudged under variation of their diameters and compared to that ofcircle singletons of equivalent diameter. The primary purpose of thestudy was to investigate the effect of judgment order on the perceivedsize, i.e. starting with either inner or outer circle. In addition, wecompared the measured strength of the illusion as obtained by twodifferent methods - category rating and magnitude estimation. We foundthat the circle judged first had an assimilative effect on the apparentsize of the subsequently judged circle, with the amount of the effectbeing contingent on diameter ratio and diameter difference of theconstituent circles. Moreover, assimilation of the inner circle wasmore pronounced than that of the outer circle. The judgment-ordereffect may be accounted for by attentional mechanisms: if the outercircle is judged first, spatial span of attention is large, so that theinner circle falls in the span. Conversely, if the inner circle isjudged initially, spatial span of attention is too small to take up theouter circle. The amount of illusion was greater when judged usingmagnitude estimation than category rating, conceivably due to a coarserinternal mapping at the latter procedure.

著者

佐野 勝徳 大野 郁代 日下 美穂

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究 (ISSN:09199810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.15-23, 1997-12-10

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The purpose of the present study is to examine the actual condition ofstudent's bullying and school refusals in the elementary and junior highschools in Tokushima Prefecture and to reveal whether these behaviors arecorrelated to the students' living environments,such as the populationdensity of their living area.To reveal the actual condition of their bullying and school refusals, weused the data gathered by the School Board of Tokushima Prefecture in 1995,which covered all the elementary and junior high schools in the prefecture.In addition,we prepared a Questionnaire and carried it out at 10 juniorhigh schools to gather data for examining the relations between the students'stress and their bullying.Although the results we obtained in the analyses will be presented later,this present study will provide the following findings:(1)the occurrence rateof bullying was found to have little correlation with the population densityor with the school and class size, and(2)the occurence rate of the schoolrefusal was revealed to significantly correlate with the population density.In conclusion, the results we obtained in the present study will bediscussed by referring to the findings in some current studies on bullyingand school refusals.

著者

山本 真由美 瀬部 あゆみ 島 治伸

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究 (ISSN:09199810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.109-128, 2009

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As a part of the special needs education,there is a cooperative action withthe Education Committee of Tokushima on the project of dispatching studentvolunteers to the elementary and junior high schools for learning support.In order to know the desires and expectations of the teachers of thoseschools who sent students volunteers,a questionnaire survey was made.98 % of the student volunteers were recognized in elementary schools and100% within junior high schools. The results of the survey show four items inwhich the elementary and junior high schools coincide. They are as follows :"Individual support to the pupils with difficulties in learning","support to thepupils who cou1d not concentrate in the class nor in the study","appropriatesupport to the pupils when they need guidance","tell the teacher the situationof pupils". More specifically,as the individual differences among pupils growwider, guidance for everyone becomes difficult. Moreover, because theexpectations of this support for the students must be achieved within a limitedspan of time,s ome people believe that only some support can be realized but notall.Although the existence of students volunteers is known by theteachers, there are differences among the teachers as to which type ofsupport can be expected from the students. Therefore, from now on, itbecomes necessary to consider which type of support the students have toglve.

著者

山本 真由美

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究 (ISSN:09199810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.25-36, 2004

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The murder case involving the primary school girl by her classmate that ocurred in June of 2004 has special characteristics pertaining to the time, and the place of the case, as well as to the relationship between the victim and the assailant. In an effort to elucidate the cause of the murder, a great deal of information and various ideas from experts have been flowing from the media. However, the assailant, her family and their home life do not differ from the normal family in today's Japan. Taking all of this into consideration, we will give an opinion about what is lacking in the current education system with reference to the relation between emotion, will and action.

著者

後藤 直子 佐藤 健二

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究 (ISSN:09199810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.25-39, 2006

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience rates and gender differences of self-injurious behaviors (SIB) and aggressive behaviors among the healthy undergraduates in Japan. In addition, we tested whether alexithymia, which is a personality construct defined as a difficulty in identifying and expressing emotional experience, mediates between childhood maltreatment, SIB, and aggressive behaviors. The sample was comprised of 300 (143 male, 157 female) undergraduate students. Measures were the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Self-Injurious Behaviors Questionnaire, which assessed the lifetime frequency of six methods of superficial self-injury, and the Aggressive Behaviors Questionnaire. As results, there were gender differences in 3 variables of emotional abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect. Multiple Regression analyses revealed that the correlation between maltreatment and alexithymia was positive also in Japan. The relation was not seen between maltreatment and SIB even in the undergraduates in Japan. And, the relation was not found between alexithymia and SIB. Furthermore, the relation was not found between maltreatment, aggressive behaviors and alexithymia in the undergraduates in Japan. It was suggested that alexithymia does not contribute significantly as the mediational factor between childhood maltreatment, SIB, and aggressive behaviors among undergraduates in Japan. One reason that the hypothesis of this study was not supported may be that the quality of the SIB in this sample differed from that of previous study.

著者

浅田 みちる 境 泉洋

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究 (ISSN:09199810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.125-143, 2008

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This study investigated how parental attitude affects young people in thestate of "hikikomori". Thirteen mothers of "hikikomori" children wereinterviewed at the Clinical Psychology Counseling Service established in theUniversity of Tokushima .The thirteen cases divided into four groups . Type 1 :"Hikikomori" causedby hating school during teenage years, Type 2 :"Hikikomori" caused bystudent apathy,Type 3 :"Hikikomori" caused by frustration with work andType4 :" Hikikomori" caused by other reasons.Results of the data analysis by the KJ method show that parents considergood attitudes to include getting support from specialists, accepting"Hikikomori" completely,encouraging "Hikikomori" to be active (for instanceby giving them allowances) and showing gratitude for help offered by"Hikikomori". Patients consider bad attitudes to include ignoring theopinions of"Hikikomori", getting angry, forcing "Hikikomori" into actionand the self-righteous nurture manner for children.Accordingly this study, the recommendable attitude of patents toward"Hikikomori" is showed to a certain extent. I hope this study couldcontribute to"Hikikomori" getting out their difficulties.

著者

森 由起 境 泉洋 山本 真由美 佐野 勝徳

出版者

徳島大学

雑誌

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究 (ISSN:09199810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.69-79, 2007

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The purpose of this study is to understand in a practical sense the etiologicalbackground of social withdrawal and to find some clues on how to present itsoccurrence. We hypothesized that a lack of group experience and/or the disturbance ofthe daily rhythm including the sleep'wakefulness cycle at an early age might beinfluential factors for social withdrawal.To examine this hypothesis,we designed a questionnaire containing items aboutthe clients' experiences in nursery schools and kindergarten,the clients' bedtimes,wake times, playing hours, helping at home and other activities during theirelementary and junior-high school years and at the point of this survey. Forty-onesocial withdrawals with an average age of 27,85 and 172 students were participating inthis survey.In case of those 41 social withdrawals,their mean age of showing for the first timesymptoms of social withdrawing is 19.25土4.72.About half of the clients are the oldestchild in their family. The ratio of persons with group experience in nursery school wassignificantly lower in the social withdrawal group (χ2(1)ニ9.400,pく.05). The ratio ofpersons with group experience in nursery school from an early age(below age 3) and inkindergarten also tends to be lower in the social withdrawal group,although notsignificantly.As to the sleep-wakefulness cycle,the social withdrawal group tends to go to bedearlier and to rise later than the participants of the control group when they were inthe middle grades of elementary school and the second grade of junior high school,although again not significantly. On the other hand,at the point of this survey thesocial withdrawal group gets up significantly later than the controls.The ratio of persons who had breakfast every day when they were attending juniorhigh-school was lower among the withdrawals than the controls. The socialwithdrawals were playing less and hardly helped at home when they were in themiddle grades of elementary school and the second grade of junior high-school.These results were discussed in relation with the findings of our previous studyand others.