著者

村田 省三

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.115-133, 2005-09-26

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In this paper we consider the relation between total output level in the Nash equilibrium of the quantity setting Cournot duopoly game and it of Stackelberg game with liner demand functions and quadratic cost functions especially under conditions of negative marginal costs. In ordinal case, positive marginal costs are assumed, and the total output level of Cournot equilibia does not exceed it of Stackelberg equilibria because the best reply curve or line of the first player is rapidly declining compared to it of the second player, thus first mover has advantage to second mover. In the case of negative marginal costs, total output level in the equilibrium of Cournot game will be able to overtake the ones of Stackelberg game because of the slowly declining best reply curve of first mover compared to second mover. Hamilton=Slutsky(1990) classified some downward sloping bestreply lines with convex isoprofit curves, but they treated this is not the case, and the numerical consideration of this case was left unconsidered.

著者

津曲 俊英

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.3, pp.129-160, 2001-12

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The theme of this paper is how to deal with the provision of international public goods (IPG), while IPG as well as public goods has been defined by its nature in consumption. By considering the theory that could explain the process and apparatus to provide public goods in the state under the control of the government, we may approach the IPG which is provided in the international society without government. Along the logic, the discussion will introduce the examples, taxonomy, the mode of provision, provider (individual state or international organization) and problems such as free rider and prisoner's dilemma concerning IPG. As a natural consequence I arrive at concluding to attach importance to the international organization and institutions.

著者

吉田 省三

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.201-222, 2008-12

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Con l'intento dei costituenti di rendere la magistratura un ordine autonomo e indipendente da ogni altro potere la Costituzione italiana inserise le norme sul Consiglio superiore della magistratura (Csm) nel Titolo IV della Parte II. A norma della Costituzione il Csm e' composto eletti per due terzi da tutti i magistrati ordinari e per un terzo dal Parlamento in seduta comune. Questa composizione mista del Csm e' grande importanza perche' con la composizione mista si vuole aprire la corporazione dei magistrati alla societa' e si stabilise un raccordo con gli altri poteri dello Stato. Il Csm, il modello italiano del organo di amministrazione della giurisdizione e' stato seguito in diversi paesi della Unione Europea, ma il modello di ordinamento giuridico attualmente funzionante in Giappone si discosta chiaramente da il modello italiano.

著者

松本 睦樹 大石 恵

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.3, pp.235-262, 2006-02-24

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Nagasaki Commercial High School (NCHS) was established in 1905 and turned out about 2,300 graduates in the Meiji and Taisho eras. In this article, some characteristics of its curriculums and graduates' jobs are shown. Firstly, by discussing curriculums in NCHS and other national commercial high schools, it became clear that NCHS made efforts to make its curriculums equally match those of Tokyo and Kobe Commercial High Schools, and that NCHS, on the other hand, gave foreign language lessons specializing in China and the South Asia. Secondly, it was tried to investigate the graduates' course in the eras. Although it was impossible to collect complete data, some features were ascertained. First, most of the graduates got jobs in the enterprises and banks whose headquarters were in Japan. Second, about 10% of graduates went on to higher schools (imperial universities, Tokyo Commercial University or graduate course of NCHS) in 1920's.

著者

村田 省三

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.3, pp.75-97, 2004-12-27

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In this paper we consider the conditions under which the quantity level produced by the second player exceed to the level produced by the first player in Stackelberg quantity setting duopoly game in the case that both firms have liner demand functions and quadratic cost functions. If the both coefficients in the cost functions are sufficiently small and grater than-1, there is a second mover advantage in terms profit having concave isoprofit curve and the downward sloping best reply functions. In the case that the duopoly games considered here have sufficiently decreasing marginal returns that means there is a scale economy, negative marginal cost happens to be true, and these conditions carrying out the second mover firms to be advantagous in terms of profit level and the level of output. The same result is obtained in the Cournot quantity setting game in which both firms have liner demand functions and quadratic cost functions.

著者

藤田 渉

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.121-200, 2013-09-25

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Two-way and multi-stage trade of intermediate goods has been increasing rapidly. For example, fragmentation in trade corresponds to this. In these intermediate goods sectors, the hollowing out of industry is generally caused by a deviation from the center of international trade linkages. Progress of hollowing is not only appearing in the share of production value. Signs appear in import and export structure in advance. By evaluating the import induced by export and estimating the interrupted import shock in each sector, it is possible to measure the strength of the international linkage. These are the subjects of the input-output analysis. The former is a backward linkage effect, and the latter is a front linkage effect. Hollowing is characterized by these and changes in exports and imports. These analyses are used easily accessible competitive import type input-output tables.

著者

丸山 真純

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.4, pp.109-138, 2005-03-25

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それにしても,地球化を語る上で,注意しておかなければならない点がある。それは,人種,民族,国民を歴史的に不変の単位としてあらかじめ想定する習癖である。この習癖に従うと,世界は「地方的(ローカル)」で永続的な人種や民族,国民といった特殊な同一性と「地球的(グローバル)」で絶えず変化する普遍的な国際的動向とに二極化され,地球化は国民の「外から」やって来ることになるだろう。地球化に反対するためには,国民の内側にたてこもり,「外から」やってくる地球化の波をいかに防ぎ止めるかという図式から発想することになり,地球化を批判的に倹討することは,不可避的に,国民主義擁護となってしまう。(論壇:「地球化」と国民幻想の逆説21世紀の入り口で2,酒井直樹,朝日新聞,2001年1月3日)人間が得る外部の情報の95パーセント以上が視覚によるものだといわれています。そのことを裏付ける文化がこの300年かけて築かれてきたのだといえます。これは,単に一生物の情報受容ということだけでなく,ヴィジュアルを利用した政治から文化にいたる「制度」の大問題でもありました。その制度基盤を端的に「近代」と呼ぶことができるように思います。(『表象の芸術工学』高山宏,55ページ,2002年)

著者

上野 清貴

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.31-68, 1999-06

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Lee combines the sale price accounting and the cash flow accounting when he constructs accounting theory, and calls the accounting system as cash flow reporting system. In accordance with this thought, he proposes the following financial statements: cash flow statement (statement of realized cash flow) , income statement (statement of realizable earnings) , balance sheet (statement of financial position) and statement of changes in financial position. After examining these financial statements in detail, I concluded that his cash flow statement lacks in the idea of classification of business activities and that his income statement and balance sheet can not correctly recognize the concepts of profitability and financial position. But these are not real faults. Lee's great contribution to the accounting theory is to combine the sale price accounting and the cash flow accounting, and explain the accounting theory by the cash concept in the broad sense of the term. We have to start with this point in order to construct the general accounting logic in the future.

著者

松永 明

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.2, pp.177-198, 2004-09-27

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Recently many efforts have been done to establish criteria for analyzing legal policy making in the academic field of Law and Economics. In this paper, first, I briefly analyze the thesis of Louis Kaplow & Steven Shavell 『Fairness versus Welfare』 (Harvard University Press (2002)) and demonstrate what criteria should be applied in evaluating legal policy making. And, I conclude the effectiveness of the view that policy making should be based exclusively on the effects of the 'Welfare' or 'aggregation of individuals' well-beings' but should not depend on the notions of 'Fairness' or 'Justice'. Then, I utilize framework of this thesis and evaluate the eligibility of free service in the Public Libraries. Public Libraries are now facing increasing demand for business database and quick reference service, and are considering whether they should charge fees to such 'special' services. I discuss this issue based on the criteria of 'Welfare,' which is traditional rationale of free service of public libraries, and conclude that charging fee will be able to be justified if and only if such services are 'special' and not ordinary services. However, it is quite difficult to divide which services are defined as 'special'.

著者

津曲 俊英

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.145-158, 2001-09

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20th century was called as "the century of the international organizations". International Organizations could be, should be, recognized as the apparatus to provide the international public goods in the similar ways as the states have been formulated to provide the national public goods. So in the new century. This means that the international society would be on the way to realize the internationally institutionalized or organized provision of the international public goods by the collective action through international organizations, based on the idea that the world is composed of individual sovereign states. While we cannot be so optimistic to expect the current situation is along with such perspective, it is convinced that the provision through the international organization or framework be the mainstream to maintain and develop the world order without government. The article aims at focusing on the features and preconditions related with the international public goods and international organizations.

著者

林 徹

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.1-25, 2014-09-25

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It is almost impossible to master negotiation skills only through off-JT. But playing MONOPOLY enables players to both negotiate and communicate better to some extent. In this paper we show why MONOPOLY has such important effects in terms of strategic decision-making of business, i.e.,"partial ignorance"(Ansoff,1965) and the theory of play (Calliois,1967).On the one hand, comparing the negotiation process in business with that in MONOPOLY, we extract the similarity, partial ignorance, of the two. That is a factor essential for improvisation or sense-making (Weick,1979,1984).On the other, reviewing preceding research on the play, we connect MONOPOLY as a game to the theory of play in order that it has great potential for players enough to develop the social adaptability and ethical sense.

著者

笹川 篤史 折登 由希子

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.4, pp.33-56, 2014-03-25

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While the consumption tax rate in Japan is 5% as of 2013,the government plans to increase it to 8% in 2014 and to 10% in 2015.However, the government will also introduce reduced tax rates on certain items for the low-income group. In this study, we use an optimization method to remove regressivity of reduced tax rate and then analyze the optimal solutions.

著者

笠原 俊彦

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.21-56, 2003-06-25

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Acconding to Weber, the Calvinistic pastor in his practice changed the idea of calling in its specific aspect while he was managing the idea in the doctrine and also in the original religious mind of its beliver: in making the idea of calling acceptable to rank and file, the pastor dropped from it the non-or even anti-profit moment and added in this place the con-profit one, thus directing the tremendous energy of the religious mind towards moulding the spirit of the modern capitalism as the ideal of ascetic ethic in the worldly life. The idea of calling so revised is found 'ideal-typically' in English Puritanism, especially in the work of Baxter. He stressed the ceaseless lure of wealth to moral corruption and neglection of ascetic life. However, though his hostility to property was much more strong and strict than that of Calvin himeself, Baxter's doubt was directed not to wealth as it was but to its degrading effect on morality, to idleness and enjoyment of life and resulting resignation of the efforts to holly life for the glory of God. For Baxter the toil in one's calling was on the one hand the means for asceticism : it was the prominent guard against all the temptation to unclean life ; it was on the other just the divine purpose of human life. A specific job as a calling was given to each person secretely by God, so it was his duty to search for this and work hard in this to contribute to the rational formation of society and to the 'common best' in order to be pleased bv God. The liberation from the old restriction and the freedom of the selection of one's job, which Luther could not had admitted, exerted then the amazing influence on constituting the rational labour system both in business and society as a whole. This idea of Barter familiar with utilitarianism shows a peculiar religious aspect, when he sets on it the motives of stableness and of order or method of one's job as his calling, - the motives which lead to the appreciation of the modern professinals. And the more methodically one's ascetic labour is executed the more it yields profit as its result, so became the profit to be used as a measure with practical importance of the degree of one's service to God, and then profit-making to be the very duty of a Puritan as a steward entrusted the assets of God, - the religious appreciation of profit-making, the brilliant glory for business man, which was the strong support of the ethic for the spirit of the modern capitalism.

著者

吉田 省三

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.157-187, 1997-03

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In Italia l'applicazione della legge 44 sta ottenendo buoni risultati. La legge 44 sulla imprenditorialita' giovanile nel Sud e' in vigore dal 28 febbraio 1986, e consente il sostegno per la creazione di piccole e medie imprese delle cooperative o delle societa' costituite prevalentemente da giovani tra i 18 e i 29 anni, o esclusivamente da giovani tra i 18 e i 35 anni. Questo esperimento della legge 44 e' un'innovazione che trasforma giovani meridionali in cerca di lavoro in giovani imprenditori, facendo far loro un salto di cultura industriale prima nemmeno immaginagile.

著者

丸山 真純

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.3, pp.71-91, 2012-12-25

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This article examines English proficiency test scores of first-year students of Economics in Nagasaki University in the following two tests: the G-TELP (Level 3), administered in July of 2011 and the TOEIC, administered in October of 2011. All the first-year students in the Faculty of Economics (N=364) took the G-TELP, with 163 of these students also taking the TOEIC. The average total score of the G-TELP was 182.2(SD=35.3)for those who took both tests and 178.3 (SD= 30.1) for all students. The average total score of the TOEIC was 435.2 (SD=103.1). This study conducted a regression analysis of G-TELP score as an independent variable and TOEIC score as a dependent variable. The analysis revealed that the model was statistically significant to predict TOEIC score from G-TELP score (R2=.52). By using the conversion equation derived from the analysis, TOEIC scores of all 364 students from their G-TELP scores were estimated. Finally, the estimated TOEIC scores were examined in terms of G-TELP's official TOEIC conversion score and the actual TOEIC scores of 163 students. The examination proved the conversion scores were not very accurate. In particular, the G-TELP-TOEIC conversion equation derived from this study overestimated TOEIC scores when G-TELP scores were lower, while the equation underestimated TOEIC scores when G-TELP score were higher. To examine the correlation between the two tests in greater depth, another study should be conducted with a larger sample size.

著者

本山 美彦

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.1-22, 2002-06

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This paper, devoted to late Mr. Yasuhiko Hakui who was a excellent scholar in the field of monetary theory and history, intends to succeed to his scholarly achievement of endogenous money. Throughout the economic history, money has been created inside economic process, not been injected from outside. Various financial instruments other than cash have covered defict of money itself. Exchange letter and giro were those kinds of instruments. In many cases money itself was controlled by official power whilst other instruments belonged to privare sectors. And conflicts between public and private money promoted financial sys-tem. This article tends to illustrate that point by analizing the exchange letter and giro in medieval western Europe.

著者

阿部 智和

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.27-50, 2008-06

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This paper focuses that some the relationship between communication patterns and the distance. The paper shows that an inverse relationship between the distance separating employees and the amount of face to face communication occurring between them. And the paper also shows that the distance positively correlates with the amount of telephone calls, and does not with the amount of e-mail. The research reported here indicates that telephone calls are convenient alternative to face to face communication when geographically dispersed employees want to communicate. And it also indicates that the common belief that e-mail are convenient alternative to face to face communication when geographically dispersed may be false, and that the use of e-mail is irrelevant to the distance.

著者

笠原 俊彦

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

經營と經濟 : 長崎工業經營専門學校大東亞經濟研究所年報 (ISSN:02869101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.4, pp.25-62, 2003-03-25

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The sects developed from the Baptistic movement, or briefly Baptistic Sects, are regarded by Weber as primary and positive in the doctrine as compared to Calvinism, while Pietism and Methodism are thought secondary and passive to Calvinism both in the doctrines and the ascetic ethics. One of the decisive characteristics of Baptistic Sects was just their 'sects' which mean the church originally invisible in heven concreted visible on earth by the genuine Christians with their voluntary will. And the doctrine of these sects was different from that of old Protestantism and also from that of Cathoricism. It was that the bless could be given only by the manifestation i. e. the work of God's spirit within one's soul; - the Renaissence of the pneumatic theory of early Christianism. There were two moments distinct in the religious mind of Baptistic Sects : (1)Bibliocracy and (2)waiting for the manifestation. The first generation of Baptistic Sects thought that only 'the awakened' were the 'brothers of Christ', because they were made of the spirit of God, and held the Bibliocracy in the meaning of esteem and acquirement of the way of the Apostl's life. This was accompanied with aversion to uninevitable intercourse with worldly life - difference from Calvinism - and with repugnance to any appreciation and worship of creature and so of worldly pleasure - alikeness to Calvinism. However, Baptistic Sects had another moment of religious mind strong enough to restrict its Bibliocracy. What had been revealed and described in the Bible was not all but a part of God's words and the words were to be manifested continuously from the past to the present, so that not only the Bible but also the revelation to each conscience of the believers was to be adored. This idea, which prized the 'subjective' conscience, led to complete the liberation from all the magics and so from the salvation by the church - to the same effect of Calvinism. Alikeness with Calvinism is also seen in the doctrine that the bless by God, once given, was never lost because this was the work of God and made the men free from all the sins, and, with some slight difference in this turn, that the bless was to be endowed not to all but to some i. e. to the limited number of 'the grown-up'. As well as in Calvinism, 'good deed' in Baptistic Sects was the inevit- able sign of one's blessed state; but the deed in the early Baptistic Sects was thought to be far from the worldly life and worked passively to the economic occupation. The ethical life in this sense was supposed to be needed in waiting for the manifestation; it meant the preparation for the revelation because the spirit of God spoke only to the soul soothed and cooled by the ethical deed. The idea of coolness was accepted in the minds of broad circle when Baptistic movement spreaded into the regular lives of the worldly occupations, and then the people with these occupations began to controll their very wordly lives by their conscience; - a notable change in the religious mind of Baptistic Sects, I think. The membership of the citizens pressed Baptistic Sects to proceed now on the soil of worldly asceticism prepared by Calvinism. This was forced also by the Protestant notion that asceticism in monkery was adoration of creature and anti-Bible, and stimulated by the rejection of politics and by the hostility to the aristcratic life style. Worldly asceticism in Baptistic Sects was activated more by the spontaneousness in Baptistic Sects which valued the free will of its members instead of the regulation by the church-police which persecuted people with close examination and oppressed their autonomy in asceticism. From all the observations above, Weber concludes that Baptistic Sects did not give any remarkably new contribution to the development of the idea of calling, and so are to be ignored at large in the following stages of his study. But we can not forget the moment of conscience which Baptistic Sects added to Calvinism and brought into the cool and formal legality of the Calvinistic mind some virtues of warmness as seen in B. Franklin.