著者

Daichi G. SUZUKI

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.5-29, 2022 (Released:2022-10-19)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, I attempt to provide a theoretical foundation for the evolutionary biology of consciousness as a research program by extracting and reconstructing fundamental assumptions that are shared by the theories of Feinberg and Mallatt, and Ginsburg and Jablonka. I propose three core postulates and a schematic model of animal consciousness. I then apply this model to empirical neurobiological knowledge in vertebrates to show that the enabling architecture of consciousness was established as the ground plan in the common ancestor of the vertebrates. By comparing the enabling architecture of consciousness implemented as ground plans in different taxa, we can develop a general theory of consciousness that is free from lineage-specific constraints.

著者

KAKUDA Yuzuru NAMBA Kanji MOTOHASHI Nobuyoshi

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.95-110, 1997-03-05

著者

FUCHINO Sakae

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.49-54, 2012-03-25

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We address aspects of mathematical Platonism and examine the possibility of Platonism viewpoint in mathematics in wake of recent devolopments in set theory.

著者

Masahiro MATSUO

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.67-84, 2021 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

32

---

Undoubtedly, whether to accept the likelihood principle or not has been, and still is, one of the most crucial issues for philosophical debates on statistics, though interests in it are waning from statistical debates due to general preferences for more practical issues of statistics. The principle says all you need in parameter analyses of a statistical model is found in likelihood for the data obtained. Bayesians and likelihoodists have traditionally regarded this principle as fundamental, declining any forms of statistics which violate it. Frequentism, on the other hand, try to reject this principle, upholding error probability as a more crucial factor for statistical analyses. But arguments made so far on the likelihood principle still seem to stay on those as to what principle we prefer to choose in statistical analyses. The validity of this principle seems to have never been explored fully enough through the arguments on either side. In this paper, I briefly review how these arguments have been made and show some difficulty in maintaining the principle. I think this has some impact upon statistical practices as well.

著者

Masahiro TAKATORI

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.75-91, 2020 (Released:2020-11-18)

参考文献数

20

---

Existence monism (EM) is a metaphysical view asserting the existence of only one concrete object. EM is well known for its radicalness, and encounters difficulty in terms of its prima facie inconsistency with truisms. This paper aims to propose an alternative (and somewhat easy) way to overcome this difficulty and indicate another means by which the possibility of EM can be defended. I will present a package of theses that are intended to be combined with EM, which I call Linguistic Ontology with the One as Semantic Glue (LOOSG). I will show that this package (in combination with EM) provides a systematic explanation as to why truisms hold while only one concrete object actually exists. In other words, I will argue that if an existence monist embraces LOOSG, the desired explanation for truisms is then available to her. In addition, it will also be noted that LOOSG has a theoretical virtue, in that it only presupposes the framework of standard semantics. Based on these discussions, I offer LOOSG as a viable option for existence monism.

著者

Ryota MORIMOTO

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.43-65, 2021 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

40

---

Good statistical practice is an integral part of modern science. Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is the most widely used statistical method. Nevertheless, misuse and misinterpretation of NHST are widespread, and severe criticisms have been levelled against NHST. In this study, I revisit the primary documents of Fisher, Neyman, and E. Pearson relating to statistical testing. I compare Fisher’s significance testing with Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing and clarify their thoughts on statistical testing. I hope this study will guide researchers in stopping and thinking about p-value statistics before abandoning it.

著者

Masashi KASAKI

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.107-114, 2020 (Released:2020-11-18)

参考文献数

3

著者

Hsiao-Fan YEH Ruey-Lin CHEN

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.39-60, 2017 (Released:2017-11-07)

参考文献数

29

---

This paper proposes an experiment-based methodology for both classical genetics and molecular biology by integrating Lindley Darden's mechanism-centered approach and C. Kenneth Waters' phenomenon-centered approach. We argue that the methodology based on experiments offers a satisfactory account of the development of the two biological disciplines. The methodology considers discovery of new mechanisms, investigation of new phenomena, and construction of new theories together, in which experiments play a central role. Experimentation connects the three type of conduct, which work as both ends and means, occurring in a circular way and constituting an overall process of scientific practice from classical genetics to molecular biology.

著者

Takashi IIDA

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.111-118, 1998-03-05 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 3

著者

Sébastien GANDON

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.1-21, 2017 (Released:2017-09-07)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

---

For the Neo-Fregeans, logicism is first and foremost a means to meet Benacerraf's challenge. The contention is that Hume's Principle provides us with an attractive semantic and epistemological theory, which avoids both extreme Platonism and fictionalism. This answer does not extend, however, to earlier versions of logicism - the ones defended by the historical Frege and Russell, which do not use any abstraction principle. From the neo-logicist perspective, the old versions of logicism no longer constitute credible philosophies of mathematics. In this paper, I suggest that the central position occupied today by the Benaceraff's dilemma blinds us to the possibility of other forms of philosophical agenda, which the ancient logicists attempted to fulfill. Focusing on geometry and the theory of reals, I show that, beside the unification and reduction of all mathematics to logic, another issue was at stake in The Principles as in Principia: how to carve mathematics at its joint? Russell wanted to arbitrate between the various conceptions of mathematical architecture, and found a rational way of doing this. If both mathematics and logic have changed since Russell's time, there is reason to believe that the architectonic issue is still alive today.

著者

Nayuta MIKI

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.41-56, 2020 (Released:2020-11-18)

参考文献数

20

---

Intention-based semantics (IBS) serves as the paradigm in the field of speaker meaning analysis. However, it has grappled with a well-known problem: the infinite regress of a speaker's intentions. Theorists such as Grice, Schiffer, Davis, and Green have tried to remedy the situation; however, no one has found any solutions until now. The present paper claims that the inability of IBS theorists to resolve the regress problem may be attributed to the conflict between two basic assumptions that they espouse: representationalism and the transparency of speaker meaning. When both are adopted alongside each other, as the current paper shows, the regress problem immediately emerges. It follows, then, that it would be prudent to reject IBS to sufficiently analyze speaker meaning.

著者

Ryota AKIYOSHI

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.13-29, 2009-03-31 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 3

---

We can find in several places an assertion that Gödel's second incompleteness theorem defeated Hilbert's program. But, (as M. Detlefsen argued in his book) in order to establish this assertion, we need to address additional issues. First we formulate Hilbert's program. Second we reconstruct a standard argument for the claim that Gödel's second incompleteness theorem defeated Hilbert's program. In doing so, we formulate a critical, and problematic assumption which we call "DCT" (Derivability Conditions Thesis). Finally we examine three arguments whose aims are to justify DCT. We show that the first and the second argument are not valid, and discuss the third argument, which is based on Kreisel's idea. We identify a difficulty in this argument as well. After examining the difficulty, we conclude that we cannot claim that Gödel's second incompleteness theorem defeats Hilbert's program. Moreover we clarify what is essentially needed for such an argument to succeed.

著者

Hiroshi SAITO

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.3, pp.157-173, 1963-03-20 (Released:2009-02-16)

参考文献数

31

著者

MAEHARA Shôji

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.5, pp.242-256, 1970

被引用文献数

4

---

The purpose of the following treatise is to remark the fact that the method developed in Schutte [6] is able to give a unification to completeness proofs for several formal systems of logic. Especially in treatments on the predicate logic, the second ε-Theorem in the sense of Hilbert-Bernays [2] is used effectively. In this treatise, we comment on the classical and the intuitionistic logic only. Because, application to other logics, in author's opinion, is easy now and peculiarly needed ideas concerning some modal logics are already shown in Schutte's book [7]. I would like to express my thanks to Prof. G. Takeuti who gave me a remark concerning the fact that the ε-Theorem is useful to the completeness proof of the classical predicate calculus and to Dr. D. P. McCullough who got me interested in those problems by sending me his unpublished papers.

著者

AOYAMA Takuo SHIMIZU Shogo YAMADA Yuki

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:18841228)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.1-18, 2015-03-30

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This paper presents what the authors call the 'divergence problem' regarding choosing between different future possibilities. As is discussed in the first half, the central issue of the problem is the difficulty of temporally locating the 'active cause' on the modal divergent diagram. In the second half of this paper, we discuss the 'second-person freedom' which is, strictly, neither compatibilist negative freedom nor incompatibilist positive freedom. The divergence problem leads us to two hypothetical views (i.e. the view of single-line determination and that of one-off chance), and these views bring humans closer to the afree side - i.e. outside of the contrast between being free and being unfree. The afree side is greatly different from the ordinary human side. This paper tries to secure the second-person freedom as a substitute for the ordinary human freedom while preventing the divergence problem from arising.

著者

Moto-o TAKAHASHI

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.5, pp.205-215, 1970-03-31 (Released:2009-02-16)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

Saku HARA

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.39-58, 2005-11-25 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

35

著者

AKIYOSHI Ryota

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.13-29, 2009-03-31

被引用文献数

1

---

We can find in several places an assertion that Godel's second incompleteness theorem defeated Hilbert's program. But, (as M. Detlefsen argued in his book) in order to establish this assertion, we need to address additional issues. First we formulate Hilbert's program. Second we reconstruct a standard argument for the claim that Godel's second incompleteness theorem defeated Hilbert's program. In doing so, we formulate a critical, and problematic assumption which we call "DCT" (Derivability Conditions Thesis). Finally we examine three arguments whose aims are to justify DCT. We show that the first and the second argument are not valid, and discuss the third argument, which is based on Kreisel's idea. We identify a difficulty in this argument as well. After examining the difficulty, we conclude that we cannot claim that Godel's second incompleteness theorem defeats Hilbert's program. Moreover we clarify what is essentially needed for such an argument to succeed.

著者

WILLIAMSON Timothy BO Chen Nakatogawa Koji

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.57-87, 2009-11-15

著者

Mutsuo M. YANASE

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.129-138, 1983-03-05 (Released:2009-02-16)

参考文献数

4