著者

Marat Airapetov Sergei Eresko Andrei Lebedev Evgenii Bychkov Petr Shabanov

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.74-82, 2021-04-30 (Released:2021-05-11)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

16

---

Alcoholism is a global socially significant problem and still remains one of the leading causes of disability and premature death. One of the main signs of the disease is the loss of cognitive control over the amount of alcohol consumed. Among the mechanisms of the development of this pathology, changes in neuroimmune mechanisms occurring in the brain during prolonged alcohol consumption and its withdrawal have recently become the focus of numerous studies. Ethanol consumption leads to the activation of neuroimmune signaling in the central nervous system through many subtypes of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as well as release of their endogenous agonists (high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), S100 protein, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and extracellular matrix degradation proteins). TLR activation triggers intracellular molecular cascades of reactions leading to increased expression of genes of the innate immune system, particularly, proinflammatory cytokines, causing further development of a persistent neuroinflammatory process in the central nervous system. This leads to death of neurons and neuroglial cells in various brain structures, primarily in those associated with the development of a pathological craving for alcohol. In addition, there is evidence that some subtypes of TLRs (TLR3, TLR4) are able to form heterodimers with neuropeptide receptors, thereby possibly playing other roles in the central nervous system, in addition to participating in the activation of the innate immune system.

著者

Jiawei Xu Xingyu Liu Shuqin Wu Deju Zhang Xiao Liu Panpan Xia Jitao Ling Kai Zheng Minxuan Xu Yunfeng Shen Jing Zhang Peng Yu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01473, (Released:2023-01-22)

参考文献数

149

---

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally and seriously increases the public health burden, affecting approximately one quarter of the world population. Recently, RNA binding proteins (RBPs)-related pathogenesis of MAFLD has received increasing attention. RBPs, vividly called the gate keepers of MAFLD, play an important role in the development of MAFLD through transcription regulation, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, stability and subcellular localization. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of different RBPs in the occurrence and development of MAFLD, as well as list some drugs that can improve MAFLD by targeting RBPs. Considering the important role of RBPs in the development of MAFLD, elucidating the RNA regulatory networks involved in RBPs will facilitate the design of new drugs and biomarkers discovery.

著者

Mingyu Luo Fuzhe Gong Jimin Sun Zhenyu Gong

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01005, (Released:2023-01-16)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3

---

The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the world for three years. Most countries have adjusted policies and strategies in response to the burden of COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 seems to be diminishing as the case fatality rate has declined and the number of vaccinated people has increased markedly. Given the large population worldwide, we need to pay attention to the continuing COVID-19 burden. Globally, the number of cases remains at a certain level, and the number of cases is still increasing in China. We also need to deal with shortages of medical resources, antipyretics, and home nursing facilities. SARS-CoV-2 will coexist with humans for a long time, and predicting viral mutations and pandemic trends will be difficult. The reform of the whole public health system is imperative. A comprehensive surveillance system should be created to determine the proportion of various pathogens and to guard against mixed infections of respiratory infectious diseases. A comprehensive response mechanism, including preventive measures and medical treatments, should be created as soon as possible to monitor the status of the epidemic and to deal with the long-term health burden of SARS-CoV-2.

著者

Peng Xu Jing Chen Chengchen Qian Wenqiang Yu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01530, (Released:2023-01-17)

参考文献数

8

---

A self‑collected gargle sample, which avoids discomfort and largely reduces the dependency on medical resources, is emerging for detection of SARS‑CoV‑2. However, the incomplete usage of starting materials for both routine oropharyngeal swabs (OPS)/nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saline gargle (SG) samples implies sensitivity can be further improved. Presented here is a bead‑based strategy for pre‑enrichment of SG samples, and results revealed that it acquired about 20 times the starting materials obtained from OPS samples for downstream detection of SARS‑CoV‑2. The sensitivity and specificity of this pre‑enrichment strategy were validated in 100 paired pre‑enriched saline gargle (PenSG) and OPS samples and 89 PenSG samples from healthy volunteers. In addition to detection of SARS‑CoV‑2, this pre‑enrichment strategy may also be implemented in more clinical settings to optimize detection of other diseases.

著者

Bo Zhang Fanghua Qi

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01534, (Released:2023-01-02)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

---

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an unprecedented disaster for people around the world. A point particularly worth noting is that herbal medicines have made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in China. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the critical functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. It can bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S protein), which is responsible for the entry of the coronavirus into host cells. Therefore, ACE2 can be regarded as an important intervention target for COVID-19. Recently, many herbal medicines have exhibited a high affinity for ACE2 in treating COVID-19. The current work summarized these herbal medicines including formulas (such as Lianhua Qingwen capsules, Xuebijing injection, Qingfei Paidu Decoction, Huashi Baidu formula, Shufeng Jiedu capsules, and Maxing Shigan decoction), single herbs including Ephedra sinica Stapf (Mahuang), Scutellariae radix (Huangqin), Lonicera japonica (Jinyinhua), and Houttuynia cordata (Yuxingcao), and active ingredients (such as ursodeoxycholic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin, salvianolic acid, quercetin, and andrographidine C), which have exhibited a high affinity for ACE2 in treating COVID-19. We hope this work may provide meaningful and useful information on further research to investigate the mechanisms of herbal medicines against SARS-CoV-2 and follow-up drug discovery.

著者

Hua Cao Hong Huang Huifang Tang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.58-60, 2021-02-28 (Released:2021-03-15)

参考文献数

10

---

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was recently reported to confer reprogramming capability to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by reactivating naïve pluripotency genes via Zbtb7a and Zbtb7b. A visual reporting system was developed to first identify BMP4 as a driver for the primed-to-naïve transition (PNT). In addition, two specific inhibitors were identified as significantly improving the efficiency of PNT (~80% transition) within 8 days. The Zbtb7 family members were first introduced in the context of PNT and stem cell fate decision-making. These findings provide valuable information on acquiring naïve pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine.

著者

Bin Wang Wei Li Qiang Wang Wei Zhang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01320, (Released:2022-11-19)

参考文献数

52

---

Kidney transplantation remains the best treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease, and it could partially mitigate systemic disorders of mineral and bone metabolism caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, persistent hyperparathyroidism is still observed in 30-60% of patients 1 year after kidney transplantation, leading to impairment of allograft function and a disturbance of mineral metabolism. The timing of parathyroidectomy varies among transplant centers because the possible negative effects of parathyroidectomy on allograft outcomes are still unclear. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the natural course of hyperparathyroidism following kidney transplantation and the effects of the timing and extent of parathyroidectomy on allograft function. It aims to provide useful information for surgeons to propose an appropriate intervention strategy to break the vicious cycle of post-kidney transplantation hyperparathyroidism and deterioration of allograft function.

著者

Rui Liao Peipei Song Yuxin Duan Wentao Ye Kunli Yin Meiqing Kang Yanxi Yu Jian Yang Wei Tang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01373, (Released:2022-09-11)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

---

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a health challenge with increasing incidence worldwide. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potentially curative option for patients with early-stage HCC. However, the high rate of tumor recurrence limits long-term survival when the tumors are larger than 2 cm and undergoing insufficient RFA (iRFA). Notably, in situ tumor necrosis due to thermal ablation is assumed to be a source of antigens that induce antitumor immunity. Therefore, mounting studies and trials have attempted to provide a rational and effective therapeutic strategy combining RFA and immunotherapy to treat HCC. Nowadays, many controversies and challenges with this combined therapeutic strategy remain to be resolved, such as the indications for adjuvant immunotherapy along with RFA in early HCC, the sequence of the two treatments in advanced HCC, and the optimal timing of immunotherapy before or after RFA. In addition, individualized treatment strategies need to be perfected for patients with HCC.

著者

Kenji Karako Peipei Song Yu Chen Takashi Karako

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01390, (Released:2022-09-12)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

6

---

During a six-week period from July 20 to August 31, 2022, Japan experienced its highest level of COVID-19 infection ever, with an average of nearly 200,000 new infections per day nationwide. Cases requiring inpatient care peaked at 1,993,062. Twenty-seven prefectures (out of 47 prefectures) had an average hospital bed occupancy of 50% or higher, and bed occupancy in Kanagawa in particular reached 98% in mid-August. In Tokyo, bed occupancy by patients with severe COVID-19 reached 57% and peaked at 64% in mid-August. Although the number of new infections per day has decreased since September, hospital bed occupancy, the number of severe cases, and deaths remain high nationwide. Efforts including vaccination campaigns, domestic surveillance, and routine infection control measures based on the varied knowledge that the Japanese public already has should be thoroughly implemented to reduce the number of the infected in order to avoid an increase the number of serious cases and deaths.

著者

Saki Maeda-Otsuka Myangat Tselmeg Mijiddorj Ikko Kajihara Yuki Nishimura Hisashi Kanemaru Soichiro Sawamura Katsunari Makino Jun Aoi Shinichi Masuguchi Satoshi Fukushima

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01048, (Released:2022-02-19)

参考文献数

5

---

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare neoplasm derived from fibroblasts. Although the frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) in skin cancer is reported to be less than 5%, there is only one report of the status of MMR in DFSP. The only analytical report of microsatellite stability in which Promega panel is not used, showed that the frequency of MSI-high, MSI-low and microsatellite stable (MSS) cases was 13.9% (5/36), 16.7% (6/36) and 69.4% (25/36), respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of MMR in 36 patients with DFSP diagnosed at Kumamoto University. MSI analysis using the Promega panel showed that all cases were MSS, which indicated the absence of MSI in DFSP. This result indicates that the status of MMR may not be useful for the potential therapeutic application of pembrolizumab and the pathogenesis of DFSP may not involve MSI.

著者

Kunxiu Wang Qing Qi Zhihui Luo Jing Zhou Song Chen Ling Wang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01093, (Released:2022-03-12)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

---

Primary care serves as the cornerstone to ensure positive health outcomes for diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has attracted more attention as a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence that is increasing yearly. Although the demand for primary care for ASD is rapidly expanding, there are many challenges that need to be faced. Here, the current status of primary care for ASD in China is described. i) Identification of and care for ASD includes pre-diagnosis, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment; the complexity of the disease and the lack of public understanding increase delays in diagnosis and treatment. ii) Most instruments, which are indispensable for diagnosing and evaluating ASD, are of foreign origin. iii) Treatments for ASD are based on mainstream Western interventions with complementary approaches. iv) The scale of rehabilitation and educational institutions has gradually grown and their expertise has gradually increased but rehabilitation costs are relatively high.

著者

Zhihui Luo Qing Qi Kunxiu Wang Jing Zhou Song Chen Ling Wang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01075, (Released:2022-03-12)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3

---

Over the past 30 years or so, the body of research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in China has grown steadily. With the tireless efforts of government agencies and private organizations, the legitimate rights and interests of children with ASD have been initially guaranteed through a series of education and rehabilitation reforms, yet there are still many challenges to overcome. Many quality studies on the prevalence of ASD have been conducted in recent years, but China has lacked official census data until now. Moreover, there is a general lack of awareness of ASD even among the groups that directly interact with individuals with ASD, namely parents/caregivers, teachers, and doctors. Despite that fact, ASD should be brought to the attention of professionals and policymakers so that they can take appropriate measures, which include i) early comprehensive screening and diagnosis of ASD, ii) improvement of the corresponding policies and regulatory system, and iii) promotion of public awareness of ASD.

著者

Mengyao Li Yijun Lin Tingting Bao Qihui Zhao Yulin Wang Manjing Li Ying Chen Yanlan Qian Lin Chen Daqian Zhu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01104, (Released:2022-03-19)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

4

---

Given an increasing number of children with ASD, the need for inclusive education has rapidly increased in China. Since 2011, children with ASD have been eligible for inclusive education. However, little is known of the implementation process by key personnel. The purpose of the current study was to qualitatively explore elementary school teachers' experiences and perspectives on an inclusive education policy and practice for students with ASD. Participants were from 5 elementary schools in 2 districts in Shanghai. This study consisted of data collection in 2 phases. First, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with school psychologists and vice principals responsible for students' mental health for implementation of general inclusive education at each school. Second, focus groups of frontline teachers were assembled to hear their firsthand experiences. A thematic analysis was performed. Findings indicated that although all 5 schools had some ASD-related support, training and resources varied depending on whether learning in regular classrooms (LRC) was implemented. Frontline teachers in particular faced challenges implementing LRC, including the limited extent of LRC, tedious implementation procedures, and parents' misconceptions of LRC. Regardless of these challenges, frontline teachers tried to support students with ASD as much as they could. The current findings should help to advance the inclusive education policy in Shanghai, including increasing the availability of inclusive education resources and training for teachers, issuing specific LRC guidance, and reducing ASD-related stigma. This study is among the first to explore the implementation of inclusive education in urban China.

著者

Xiaoning Liu Jing Cao Yiling Ji Ting Li Zheng Zhu Ting Huang Hongzhou Lu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01106, (Released:2022-03-17)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

---

Since COVID-19 was first reported in 2019, the pandemic has posed a great threat to human health. Due to its multiple transmission pathways and virus mutation, this epidemic may be protracted further, and it has already placed a heavy burden on healthcare systems. A strategy needs to be devised to address both needs for COVID-19 treatment and demands for general medical service. A two-wing model of hospital operation, which provides a safe treatment environment for patients, an On duty/On Standby work approach for medical staff, and a reliable surveillance system for hospital operation, is an effective management template to help achieve a balance between multiple demands for medical service in this new era of a long-term war against COVID-19.

著者

Kenji Karako Peipei Song Yu Chen Wei Tang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.4-6, 2022-02-28 (Released:2022-03-11)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

8

---

As the number of people with COVID-19 increases daily around the world, point-of-care testing (POCT) is gaining attention as a tool that can provide immediate test results and greatly help to deter infection and determine what to do next. POCT has several drawbacks such as a low sensitivity and specificity, but according to studies POCT has increased sensitivity on par with that of polymerase chain reaction testing. The advantage of POCT is that the results can be obtained quickly, regardless of the location. To further enhance its benefits, POCT is being developed and researched in conjunction with the Internet of medical things (IoMT), which allows POCT results to be collected, recorded, and managed over a network. IoMT will be beneficial not only for the use of POCT simply as a testing tool but also for its integration into diagnostic and health management systems. IoMT will enable people to regularly receive their test results in their daily lives and to provide personalized diagnosis and treatment of individual conditions, which will be beneficial in terms of disease prevention and maintenance of health.

著者

Yutaka Maruoka Yukihiro Michiwaki Hideki Sekiya Yasuhiro Kurasawa Nagato Natsume

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01046, (Released:2022-02-21)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

3

---

Oral care is defined in a narrow sense as cleaning of the teeth, oral cavity, and dentures, and in a broad sense as the maintenance of oral functions (feeding, swallowing, chewing, speech, aesthetics, etc.), dental treatment, feeding and swallowing training, and articulation training. In the past, it was recognized as simply cleaning the mouth, but the concept of oral care has gradually expanded, and many studies and surveys have been conducted in cooperation with various other professions. As a result, oral health care is involved not only in the prevention of pneumonia, but also in the onset and suppression for severity of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, some malignant tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dementia, etc. It is also a powerful supportive therapy in cancer treatment. In the terminal stages of life, oral health care can help people to maintain their dignity by continuing to consume food orally until the end of their lives, and in times of disaster, oral health care has been found to be as important as attention to deep vein thrombosis. It has also been found to be effective in preventing severe diseases such as COVID-19. And, although it has not been discussed much, it has been found to have medical and economic benefits such as reducing the duration of hospitalization and treatment costs. This article reviews the results of research to date.

著者

Ningyuan Wen Yulong Cai Fuyu Li Hui Ye Wei Tang Peipei Song Nansheng Cheng

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01061, (Released:2022-02-24)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

50

---

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This review is an updated version that summarizes comprehensive guidelines published from January 2001 to January 2022 worldwide with a focus on the clinical management of HCC. The electronic databases MEDLINE, the Chinese SinoMed, and the Japanese CiNii were systematically searched. A total of 22 characteristic guidelines for HCC management were ultimately included, including 1 international guideline, 11 guidelines from Asia, 5 from Europe, 4 from the America, and 1 from Australia. If guidelines were published in multiple versions, the most recent update was included, and surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment were compared. The composition of and recommendations in current guidelines on HCC varied, so these guidelines were regrouped and diagnostic and treatment algorithms were summarized graphically to provide the latest information to clinicians. The diagnostic criteria were grouped into 2 categories: a "Size-based pathway" and a "Non-size-based pathway". The treatment criteria were summarized according to different treatment algorithms, and mainstream treatment options were reviewed. Findings from comparison of current guidelines might help target and concentrate efforts to improve the clinical management of HCC. However, further studies are needed to improve the management and outcomes of HCC. More straightforward or refined guidelines would help guide doctors to make better decisions in the treatment of HCC in the future.

著者

Peipei Song Takashi Karako

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01560, (Released:2021-12-28)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

19

---

Japan has experienced five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic so far. Four states of emergency were declared, and the Tokyo 2020 Olympic (July 23-August 8, 2021) and Paralympic Games (August 24-September 5, 2021) were held during the fifth wave of the pandemic. Although a record 5,773 new cases were reported in Tokyo on August 13, the number abruptly decreased afterwards, and only 9 new cases were confirmed in Tokyo on November 1, 2021. The high vaccination rates (79.2% of the total population has received the first dose and 77.8% has received the second dose as of December 24, 2021) and behavioral changes (such as mask wearing rate in public places remains close to 100%) are considered to be important factors in curbing the spread of the virus. However, the new Omicron variant poses future challenges due to its uncertainty. A cumulative total of 231 cases of the Omicron variant were reported in Japan between November 30 and December 25, 2021. Preliminary data indicated that the Omicron variant could be more contagious but less deadly than the Delta variant. Since mankind may be forced to coexist with COVID-19, efforts such as vaccination campaigns will need to continue and behavioral changes will become increasingly important as the "new normal" to reduce population density and contact with people. This is evinced at least in Japan's successful practices in fighting the past five waves of the pandemic.

著者

Mingyu Luo Qinmei Liu Jinna Wang Zhenyu Gong

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01535, (Released:2021-12-18)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

14

---

The COVID-19 pandemic has been the biggest public health crisis in a century. Since it was initially reported in 2019, the duration and intensity of its impacts are still in serious question around the world, and it is about to enter its third year. The first public health revolution failed to achieve its ultimate targets, as previously contained infectious diseases seem to have returned, and new infectious diseases continue to emerge. The prevention and control of infectious diseases is still a public health priority worldwide. After SARS, China adjusted a series of its infectious disease policies. In order to ensure the effectiveness and implementation of prevention and control interventions, the government should integrate the concept of public health. Perhaps we need a global public health system at the government level to fight the potential threat of infectious disease. This system could include multifaceted strategies, not just specific prevention and control interventions, and it could also be a comprehensive system to ensure unimpeded communication and cooperation as well as sustainable development.

著者

Yang Liu Longtao Yue Xiumei Song Changping Gu Xin Shi Yuelan Wang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01157, (Released:2021-09-05)

参考文献数

18

---

Lung injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) increases the mortality after cardiac surgery. Previous studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a protective role during CPB, but the correlation between Tregs and CPB-induced lung injury remains unclear. Here, we conducted a prospective study about Treg cells in patient receiving CPB. Treg cells were collected from patients before the CPB operation (pre-CPB Tregs), and the effect of pre-CPB Tregs on the occurrence of CPB-induced lung injury was evaluated. Data showed that the baseline level of Treg cells in peripheral blood were lower in patients who developed lung injury after CPB, compared to those who did not develop lung injury after CPB. Function analyses revealed that pre-CPB Tregs from CPB-induced lung injury patients presented decreased ability in suppressing the proliferation and IFN-γ production of CD4 and CD8 T cell. Also, pre-surgery levels of TGF- β and IL-10 were markedly lower in lung injury patients than in non-lung injury patients. In addition, PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on pre-CPB Tregs were significantly lower in CPB-induced lung injury patients than the CPB patients without lung injury. Above all, we found impaired peripheral Treg responses in CPB-induced lung injury patients, indicating a potential role of Treg cells in the early diagnosis of CPB-induced lung injury.