著者

Shinya FUKUMOTO Kiwamu HANAZONO Takahiro KOMATSU Hidetomo IWANO Tsuyoshi KADOSAWA Tsuyoshi UCHIDE

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0356, (Released:2012-11-22)

被引用文献数

6 9

---

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), an isoform of amino acid transport system L, transports branched or aromatic amino acids essential for fundamental cellular activities such as cellular growth, proliferation and maintenance. This amino acid transporter recently has received attention because of its preferential and up-regulated expression in a variety of human tumors, in contrast to its limited distribution and low-level expression in normal tissues. In this study, to explore the feasibility of using LAT1 expression as a molecular marker in mammary gland tumors (MGT), we performed a comparative study of LAT1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in normal mammary gland cells and tumor cells. Conventional RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed on MGT tissues from 16 dogs and normal organs from nine healthy dogs. LAT1 expression was detected in ten of the 16 MGT patients. As is the case in human tissues, LAT1 showed limited expressional distribution in normal canine organs. For quantitative expressional comparison, extensive real-time RT-PCR was performed on mRNA samples from 53 MGT patients. The comparison demonstrated that LAT1 mRNA levels from MGT tissues were 20 times higher than those in normal mammary gland tissues. Additionally, histologically invasive MGT showed a higher expression of LAT1 than non-invasive tumors. These findings suggest that LAT1 could be a clinical marker and therapeutic target for invasive malignant MGT.

著者

Folashade OLAIFA Joseph Olusegun AYO Suleiman Folorunsho AMBALI Peter Ibrahim REKWOT

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0038, (Released:2012-11-16)

被引用文献数

7

---

Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid in reducing haemato-biochemical changes in pack donkeys during the cold-dry (harmattan) season. Six experimental donkeys administered orally with ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg), and six control donkeys, not administered with ascorbic acid, were subjected to packing. Blood samples were collected from all donkeys for haematological and biochemical analyses. In the control donkeys, packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the end of packing. In the experimental donkeys, there was no significant difference between the pre- and post-packing values of PCV, erythrocyte count and Hb. In the control donkeys, the neutrophil and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio increased significantly (P<0.05) post-packing, but in the experimental donkeys, the pre- and post-packing values were not significantly different. Eosinophil count increased significantly (P<0.05) in experimental and control donkeys post-packing. In conclusion, packing exerted significant adverse effects on the haematological parameters, ameliorated by AA administration. AA may modulate neutrophilia and induce a considerable alteration of erythroid markers in donkeys subjected to packing during the harmattan season.

著者

Hideaki INAGAKI Yuji MORI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0388, (Released:2012-11-16)

被引用文献数

3

---

It is known that long-term post-weaning individual housing significantly reduces emissions of 22-kHz calls in male rats. In this study, we assessed post-weaning successive changes in 22-kHz calls emitted by male rats under two different types of post-weaning housing conditions (individually and socially). In addition, we evaluated the critical point at which a significant reduction in 22-kHz calls could be observed in male rats housed individually after weaning. Significantly fewer 22-kHz calls were emitted by individually housed rats compared to socially housed rats at 16 weeks of age, indicating that 13 weeks after weaning may be a critical point for the reduction of 22-kHz calls caused by post-weaning individual housing.

著者

Shigiko TAKEI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0405, (Released:2012-11-16)

被引用文献数

3

---

Veterinary x-ray photography and examinations of synovial fluid, blood and urine were conducted on a Cynomolgus Monkey from China (5 years old) which exhibited macroscopically visible systemic joint swelling after the quarantine period. The presence of inflammatory cells in the synovial fluid obtained by arthrocentesis, high counts of neutrophils, monocytes and large unstained cells and the elevated serum CRP level suggested that the lesions in this animal were due to polyarthritis.

著者

Akihiro OHNISHI Tomohiro OSAKI Yoshiharu MATAHIRA Takeshi TSUKA Tomohiro IMAGAWA Yoshiharu OKAMOTO Saburo MINAMI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0240, (Released:2012-11-15)

被引用文献数

3 24

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations of severity of osteoarthritis (OA) and serum biomarkers including keratan sulfate (KS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) 846 epitope. We also investigated the effect of glucosamine and fish collagen peptide (FCP) on OA. OA was induced in 12 rabbits (12 weeks of age) by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). After the surgery, the rabbits were orally administered FCP (F group), glucosamine (G group), or FCP and glucosamine (FG group) for 4 weeks. The control group was provided water ad libitum (C group). Blood was collected before surgery (pre-ACLT) and before euthanasia (post-ACLT) for serum marker measurement. Biomarker levels were measured by using commercial kits. We evaluated OA severity both macroscopically and histologically. Macroscopic evaluation showed mildly eroded condylar surfaces in the C group. Histological findings were significantly different from the FG and other groups. There were no significant differences between each group at post-ACLT in serum KS, HA and CS 846. Histological assessment and serum biomarker measurements performed at post- ACLT showed a significant correlation between HA concentration and OA severity. Variations in the CS 846 concentration at pre- and post-ACLT were significantly correlated with OA severity. Administration of glucosamine and FCP had chondroprotective effects in the ACLT model. Serum biomarker concentrations were significantly correlated with cartilage injury. Serum biomarker measurement would be useful for monitoring articular cartilage damage in the clinical setting.

著者

Wirasak FUNGFUANG Nobuhiko NAKAO Tomoaki NAKADA Makoto YOKOSUKA Toru R. SAITO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0276, (Released:2012-11-15)

被引用文献数

3 5

---

The puberty onset in mammals is tightly coupled to the animal’s nutritional and metabolic state. In present study, we evaluated the effects of high fat diet on leptin, adiponectin levels, leptin mRNA expression and puberty onset in female rats. On day 21, female rats were divided into 2 groups; Normal food (NF) and High fat food (HF). HF group shows significantly earlier (P<0.001) date of vaginal opening and lower body weight (P<0.001) than NF group. The rats with HF had a significantly heavier uterus (P<0.05) than NF, whereas serum leptin and adiponectin levels and leptin mRNA expression were not significant differences between NF and HF. We speculate that the fat-induced nutritional imbalance in young females may lead to neuroendocrine dysfunction during adolescence.

著者

Manabu KOIKE Yasutomo YUTOKU Aki KOIKE

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0333, (Released:2012-11-14)

被引用文献数

4 11

---

The DNA repair protein Ku70 is a key player in chemoresistance to anticancer agents (e.g., etoposide) or radioresistance. The responses of different organs to radiation vary widely and likely depend on the cell population in the organs. Previously, we established and characterized Ku70-deficient murine lung epithelial (Ku70 −/− MLE) cells and found that these cells are more sensitive than Ku70 +/− MLE cells (control cells) to X-irradiation, as determined by clonogenic survival assay; however, the mechanism underlying this sensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which X-irradiation triggers the death of Ku70 −/− MLE cells. Our results showed that Ku70 −/− MLE cells were more sensitive to radiation-induced apoptosis than control cells, although X-irradiation activated caspase-3 and caspase-7, and cleaved PARP in both cell lines. We also examined the expression level of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX), which is a marker of DSB, and observed the phosphorylation of H2AX and the elimination of γH2AX in both cell lines after X-irradiation. The elimination in Ku70 −/− MLE cells was slower than that in control cells, suggesting that DSB repair activity in the Ku70 −/− MLE cells is lower than that in control cells. These findings suggest that Ku70 might play a key role in the inhibition of apoptosis through the DSB repair pathway in lung epithelial cells. Our findings also suggest that these cell lines might be useful for the study of Ku70 functions and the Ku70-dependent DSB repair pathway in lung epithelial cells.

著者

Jin HUR Byung Woo JEON Yeong Ju KIM In Gyeong OH John Hwa LEE

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0378, (Released:2012-11-14)

被引用文献数

1 6

---

Escherichia coli strains were isolated from the feces of 130 diarrheic calves at different farms locations in Korea. The presence of the virulence genes, such as fanC, f41, f17a, eaeA, clpG, afa-8D, sta, stx1 and stx2, in each E. coli isolate was examined. Among the 314 isolates, 157 carried one or more of the virulence genes tested in this study. The most prevalent virulence gene was clpG (45.9%), although f17A (36.9%) and afa-8D (21.7%) were also frequently observed. The sta, stx1 and eaeA genes were detected in between approximately 13 and 17% of the isolates, and the fanC and fim41a genes were detected to a lesser extent. Collectively, our data indicated that diarrhea in calves in these locations can be ascribed to various virulence factors, and the pathogenesis may be more related to virulence genes such as, clpG, f17A, and afa-8D.

著者

Kouko HAMAMOTO Yasuharu MIZUNO Masaki KATO Norio YAMAGISHI Kazuhisa FURUHAMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0220, (Released:2012-11-13)

被引用文献数

3 4

---

A quantitative assay method by LC/ESI-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of MCP in cattle plasma was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a multimode column (2 mm × 150 mm, 3 μm) with gradient elution (0.05% formic acid/methanol with 0.05% formic acid). MCP and levosulpiride (internal standard) were analyzed in the precursor/product ion pair of m/z 300.1/226.9 and m/z 342.0/112.0, respectively. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 2.5–500 ng/ml (R2>0.999) with a lower limit of quantification of 0.05 ng/ml. Mean recoveries were 96–103% and a coefficient of variation was less than 6.5%. Plasma MCP concentrations after 0.4 mg/kg intravenous administration to 12 cattle were determined by the LC-MS/MS method.

著者

Adrian Patalinghug YBAÑEZ Thillaiampalam SIVAKUMAR Badgar BATTSETSEG Banzragch BATTUR Khukhuu ALTANGEREL Kotaro MATSUMOTO Naoaki YOKOYAMA Hisashi INOKUMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0361, (Released:2012-11-13)

被引用文献数

4 37

---

Anaplasma marginale is an etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis. This study aimed to molecularly detect and characterize A. marginale that is prevalent in Mongolian cattle populations. A highly specific and sensitive nested PCR (nPCR) method based on the Msp5 gene was developed to detect A. marginale (Msp5 nPCR). The method detected A. marginale from the positive DNA samples obtained from different countries, while no amplicons were observed from DNA samples of several other bovine blood pathogens tested. The detection limit of Msp5 nPCR was determined to be 2 copies/μl. The method was tested against field blood DNA samples prepared from 300 Mongolian cattle in 2010. Results indicated a prevalence rate of 8.7% (26 of 300). On the other hand, partial DNA fragments of an Anaplasma sp. closely related to A. ovis (with 95.0% identity) were detected using a different nPCR method based on groEL gene. The phylogenetic analyses based on the Msp5, groEL and 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that A. marginale isolates in Mongolia were not divergent from the isolates distributed in other countries. The present study successfully established a new nPCR assay that can detect A. marginale, and reported the first molecular detection and characterization of A. marginale and an Anaplasma sp. closely related to A. ovis in Mongolian cattle populations.

著者

Hirohito OGAWA Rajesh CHAHOTA Kenji OHYA Tsuyoshi YAMAGUCHI Hideto FUKUSHI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0367, (Released:2012-11-12)

被引用文献数

2 7

---

Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), which shows a characteristic feather disorder in psittacine birds. In the present study, the subclinical infection rate of PBFD in imported and domestically bred psittacine birds was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. As a result, 126 of 402 birds (31.3 %) were found to be BFDV positive. The DNA sequences of the part of open reading frame (ORF) C1 were determined for 16 BFDV-positive randomly selected samples. One of 16 samples was found to have a mixed infection, and 5 different BFDV sequences were obtained from a single African grey parrot. In phylogenic analysis, almost BFDV sequences included in each genetic cluster of phylogenic tree belonged to the same psittacine subfamily. BFDV derived from African grey parrot was closely related to the BFDV derived from cockatoos by way of exception. The natural habitat of the African grey parrot and cockatoos is different, therefore the possibility of interspecies cross infection through the bird trade is suggested from the exceptional BFDV sequences.

著者

Tomoshige BABA Atsushi SHIMIZU Tamio OHMURO Naohiro UCHIDA Kumiko SHIBATA Masahiko NAGATA Kinji SHIROTA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.79-82, 2009 (Released:2009-02-05)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 8 2

---

An adult, Japanese domestic cat presented with bilateral swelling, distortion, and erythema of ears and deformation of the limbs. Biopsy of the pinnae confirmed auricular chondritis. These lesions and the cat's general condition subsequently deteriorated, and the cat died. At necropsy, chondral changes were present in the pinnae, costae, larynx, trachea, and limbs. Histopathologically, these chondral tissues showed marked deformation with lymphocytic inflammation. The limb joint inflammation was associated with chondral erosion, deformation of subchondral bones with pannus, and thinning of cancellous bones. These lesions were consistent with the diagnostic criteria for human relapsing polychondritis. However, the cat had erosive arthritis, which appeared to be different from human relapsing polychondritis.

著者

Hiroyuki TANI Tomoyo NABETANI Kazumi SASAI Eiichiroh BABA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.363-368, 2005 (Released:2005-05-06)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 3

---

The immune responses of hypothyroid dogs to canine thyroglobulin (cTg) were evaluated for the proliferative ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC from three hypothyroid dogs with high titers of thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAA) and 3 clinically normal dogs were cultured with 5, 10, or 20 μg/ml of cTg for 72 hr. The proliferative responses of the cells were determined by the level of incorporated BrdU. The numbers of cells expressing Thy-1, CD4, CD8 and IgG in the PBMC were counted by the immunofluorescence method. Proliferative responses to cTg were observed in the cells from hypothyroid dogs. The number of cells expressing IgG and CD8 in the hypothyroid dogs tended to be high compared with the clinically normal dogs. The CD4+ cells in cultures from hypothyroid dogs increased depending upon the amount of cTg. There was a significant (P<0.05) positive correlation between the number of CD4+ cells and the concentration of cTg in the cultures from hypothyroid dogs. These findings suggest a possible relationship between canine hypothyroidism and cellular immunity. Loss of self tolerance to thyroid antigens in CD4+ T cells may play an important role in the development of canine hypothyroidism.

著者

Nobuyuki FUJIWARA Hideyoshi KAWASAKI Ryotaro YABE Dale J. CHRISTENSEN Michael P. VITEK Takuya MIZUNO Koichi SATO Takashi OHAMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0366, (Released:2012-11-05)

被引用文献数

9 18

---

Lymphoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in canine. Chemotherapy results in a high rate of remission; however, relapse and clinical drug resistance are usually seen within a year. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a critical role in mammalian cell transformation. Increased protein levels of SET, endogenous PP2A inhibitor, have been reported to correlate with poor prognosis in human leukemia. Here, we test the potential therapeutic role for a SET antagonist in canine lymphoma. We observed SET protein levels increased in multiple canine lymphoma cell lines compared with primary peripheral blood cells. A novel SET antagonist OP449 increased PP2A activity and effectively killed SET high-expressing canine lymphoma cells, but not SET low-expressing cells. Caspase-3 activation and enhanced Annexin V positive staining were observed after OP449 treatment, suggesting apoptotic cell death by OP449. Consistent with this, pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK blocked OP449 induced cell death. These data demonstrated the potential therapeutic application of SET antagonists for canine lymphoma.

著者

Yumi SAKAMOTO Manabu SAKAI Toshihiro WATARI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.10, pp.1299-1302, 2012 (Released:2012-11-02)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 10

---

We compared wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP), splenic pulp pressure (SPP) and trans-splenic portal vein pressure (TSPVP) in healthy dogs. We found that portal blood pressure could be measured in dogs using any of these techniques. The WHVP, SPP and TSPVP were 7.8 ± 1.0, 6.2 ± 0.8 and 6.8 ± 1.2 mmHg, respectively. Measuring SPP using ultrasound is most simple and minimally invasive, and it might be useful for evaluating portal hypertension in dogs with liver diseases.

著者

Mari TOYONAGA Toshihiko TSUTSUI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.10, pp.1349-1353, 2012 (Released:2012-11-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 7

---

It is thought that differences in conception rate between feline epididymal sperm and ejaculate sperm occur because, unlike ejaculated sperm, caudal epididymal sperm have not been sensitized with seminal plasma (SP). In this study, we investigated whether collection of feline epididymal sperm with SP influences sperm qualities after freezing-thawing. Sperm were sensitized with SP for 10 min at room temperature. As a result, the motility of caudal epididymal sperm sensitized with SP immediately after collection was significantly lower than that of ejaculate sperm, and no difference was noted in sperm qualities after freezing-thawing. This shows that the qualities of caudal epididymal sperm cannot be improved to a level higher than those of ejaculate sperm by sensitization with SP.

著者

Dae-Hyun KIM Chi-Bong CHOI Wook-Hun CHUNG Sung-Ho LEE A-Jin LEE Jae-Seung JEONG Ho-Joong KIM Hwi-Yool KIM

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.10, pp.1323-1326, 2012 (Released:2012-11-02)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The goal of this study was to prove the possibility of using silicone stents broadly used for human medicine in canine obstructive tracheal disease. A silicone stent anatomically designed for canine trachea was tested on 5 beagle dogs for 8 weeks. The stent was carefully inserted using a newly developed delivery device under fluoroscopic guidance. There were no technical difficulties in placing the stent during the procedure. Previously reported complications of airway stenting such as stent migration or granulation tissue formation did not occur in any of the cases. In addition, removal of the stent was as simple as inserting it, and complications were absent. The stent introduced in this study could possibly be applied to various canine obstructive tracheal diseases.

著者

Jiyoung CHOI Heechun LEE Youngwon LEE Hojung CHOI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.10, pp.1373-1375, 2012 (Released:2012-11-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

---

Simple ectopic kidney was diagnosed in three dogs by means of radiography and ultrasonography. A 2-year-old castrated male Schnauzer, a 13-year-old female Schnauzer and a 9-year-old male Jindo were referred with vomiting, hematuria and ocular discharge, respectively. In all three dogs, oval-shaped masses with soft tissue density were observed in the mid to caudal abdomen bilaterally or unilaterally, and kidney silhouettes were not identified at the proper anatomic places on abdominal radiographs. Ultrasonography confirmed the masses were malpositioned kidney. The ectopic kidneys had relatively small size, irregular shape and short ureter but showed normal function on excretory urography.

著者

Byeong-Teck KANG Young-Don SON Sang-Rae LEE Dong-In JUNG Dong-Eog KIM Kyu-Tae CHANG Zang-Hee CHO Hee-Myung PARK

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.10, pp.1261-1267, 2012 (Released:2012-11-02)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

6 10

---

The purpose of this study was to assess the normal distribution of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of canine brain structures using a high-resolution research tomography-positron emission tomography (HRRT-PET) and 7 T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion system. FDG-PET and T2-weighted MRI of the brain were performed on 4 healthy laboratory beagle dogs. On MRI, regions of interests (ROIs) were manually drawn over 51 intracranial structures, including nine gross structures and 42 detailed structures. Relative standard uptake value ratio (rSUV=SUV of ROI/SUV of whole brain) was calculated for each ROI. The HRRT-PET and 7 T-MRI fusion imaging system demonstrated significant differences in glucose metabolism among various intracranial structures. Among gross structures, the midbrain and the pons and medulla oblongata had the highest uptake (rSUV: 1.12 ± 0.03) and lowest uptake (rSUV: 0.90 ± 0.06) of FDG, respectively. When rSUVs were calculated on detailed regions, the caudal colliculus and the longitudinal fibers of pons had the highest (rSUV: 1.62 ± 0.05) and the lowest (rSUV: 0.63 ± 0.03) glucose metabolism, respectively. Because the high resolution of PET-MRI fusion images provided clearly identifiable metabolic activities of canine brain, the HRRT-PET and 7 T-MRI fusion imaging might be a good tool for evaluation of intracranial diseases in canines.

著者

Masato SAKUMA Kenta FUKUDA Katsuyoshi TAKAYAMA Yukuharu KOBAYASHI Takako Shimokawa MIYAMA Asuka SETOGUCHI Yasuyuki ENDO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.10, pp.1341-1344, 2012 (Released:2012-11-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5 11

---

In this study, we conducted a survey of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene of Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) isolated from clinical cases to determine the prevalence of potential atovaquone (ATV)-resistant variants. Ninety-two blood samples were collected from naturally B. gibsoni infected dogs. The cytb nucleotide sequence was determined by direct sequencing. Twelve non-synonymous amino acid substitutions were identified in cytb. The principal ATV-resistant substitution, M121I, was detected in three cases. This survey determined that potentially ATV-resistant B. gibsoni strains are present in dogs in Japan.