著者

Noraini M. NOOR Shukran Abdul RAHMAN Jamil FAROOQUI Ahmad Muhammad NASR Hazizan Md NOON

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.235-245, 2003 (Released:2004-04-06)

参考文献数

21

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This study examined the psychological profile of effeminates (n = 45) in comparison with matched-groups of normal males (n = 45) and females (n = 45). Respondents were Malaysian students aged between 19-24 years. Results of the one-way analyses of variance showed that effeminate students were similar to females in terms of their perceptions of their body image, thinking, and gender characteristics. However, they were more androgynous than normal female students. Although effeminates reported the lowest level of self-esteem, contrary to prediction, they showed low psychological distress. The results are discussed with respect to their current situation as well as the general literature in this area.

著者

Petter JOHANSSON Lars HALL Sverker SIKSTRÖM

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.142-155, 2008 (Released:2008-09-02)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

15 44 31

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The phenomenon of change blindness has received a great deal of attention during the last decade, but very few experiments have examined the effects of the subjective importance of the visual stimuli under study. We have addressed this question in a series of studies by introducing choice as a critical variable in change detection (see Johansson, Hall, Sikström, & Olsson, 2005, Johansson, Hall, Sikström, & Tärning, 2006). In the present study, participants were asked to choose which of two pictures they found more attractive. For stimuli we used both pairs of abstract patterns and female faces. Sometimes the pictures were switched during to choice procedure, leading to a reversal of the initial choice of the participants. Surprisingly, the subjects seldom noticed the switch, and in a post-test memory task, they also often remembered the manipulated choice as being their own. In combination with our previous findings, this result indicates that we often fail to notice changes in the world even if they have later consequences for our own actions.

著者

WILSON VAN DUSEN

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.11-16, 1961 (Released:2021-08-25)

被引用文献数

4

著者

Mina LEE Hwalbin KIM Okhyun KIM

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.189-201, 2015 (Released:2017-02-08)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5 16

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The present study investigated underlying motivations of Twitter users for retweeting with a presumption that retweeting is a prosocial behaviour. Accordingly, retweeting were predicted to occur when an individual was motivated for prosocial reasons. In this study, prosocial motivations were classified into three categories of egoistic, altruistic, and reciprocity motivations. In addition, behavioural intention was taken as part of predicting variables of actual retweeting behavior and was investigated with other motivation variables. Participants were actual Twitter users who were recruited on Twitter, and data collection was done through an online survey. The results showed that altruistic motivation among three prosocial motivations could predict actual retweeting behaviour through behavioural intention. In addition, the differential effects of reciprocity motivation was found to vary depending on the sizes of the followers and the followees.

著者

Carmela MENTO Maria Catena SILVESTRI Paola MERLINO Vanessa NOCITO Antonio BRUNO Maria R. Anna MUSCATELLO Rocco Antonio ZOCCALI Toshio KAWAI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-B013, (Released:2021-02-19)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1

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Secondary traumatization has implications for healthcare professionals and the quality of care, this construct including compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma, and burnout, but they are distinct different constructs. The aim of this review is to examine the psychological factors that characterize the domains of secondary traumatization, differentiating them from compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma and burnout in healthcare professionals. We identified eligible papers, a systematic literature search on PubMed has been performed, 681 publications have been found, the total number of relevant publications was reduced to 18. According to the examined literature, this situation may be highly distressing for healthcare assistants, and entails a series of negative consequences. This review suggested that healthcare professionals are at risk of secondary traumatization, for the impact of personal distress, and a variety of stressful factors and negative affect promote this condition. The distress that results from dissatisfaction, and is associated with negative cognitions and negative mood. Finally, the psychological variables of the quality of professional life identified by scientific literature are eight and include: compassion satisfation and fatigue, burnout, distress, self-compassion, psychological inflexibility, empathy, ability to take another people’s perspective.

著者

Osamu KOBORI Yoko SAWAMIYA Naoki YOSHINAGA Angela C. ROWE Laura L. WILKINSON

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.63-76, 2020 (Released:2020-11-27)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

3

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The aim of the present study was to examine the affect regulation strategies of college athletes using the novel diagrammatic ‘distance affect regulation mapping’ (DARM) tool. In a mixed-methods approach, 96 college athletes completed and reflected on the DARM and completed questionnaires measuring attachment orientation. The correlation analyses demonstrated that athletes who had secure attachment orientations were more likely to seek proximity to someone they relied on to help soothe stress. Qualitative analysis suggested that college athletes found the DARM helpful in highlighting the effective strategies they used to cope with stress. The DARM is a promising tool for researchers to visually capture a range of strategies, and for college athletes to reflect on, improve, and further develop their affect regulation strategies.

著者

Masataka NAKAYAMA Yukiko UCHIDA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-B004, (Released:2020-10-28)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

13

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Awe is theorized as an emotion appraised by perceived vastness and need for accommodation. This theoretical framework was developed with a review of spatially and temporally distributed literature mostly in the American and European cultural context, and is assumed to be culturally universal. However, awe as described by Japanese literature, was not explicitly included in the original theorization. We tested whether this framework generalized to the Japanese context by analyzing how Japanese awe-related words (e.g., “畏敬/ikei”) are used in Japanese text. A topic model was used to extract topics in contexts as an index of meaning. Results show that (1) the meaning of awe was statistically dissociable from similar but distinct meanings of fear and respect, and (2) the dissociating topics included transcendent entities such as god, spirits/ghosts, and powerful beings. Japanese meaning of awe includes vastness (i.e., transcendence) that goes beyond typical respect (i.e., power distance) requiring an accommodation of one’s mental framework.

著者

Hiroshi NITTONO Kazumi WATARI

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.3-15, 2017 (Released:2018-05-03)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2 4

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The distribution of free samples is known to be an effective tool for sales promotion. By means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), the present study examined whether tasting a food sample has a stronger effect on brand perception than merely reading a leaflet about the product. Thirty-two university students were asked to read a leaflet about a certain confection brand (target product, either baked cake or chocolate) with or without tasting a sample (n = 16 each). They then performed a category classification task in which 12 colored pictures of different confection brand packages (six baked cakes and six chocolates) were presented one by one in a random order. The participants’ task was to press a button whenever the pictures of the designated confection category (i.e., the category other than the category of the target product) appeared on the screen. ERP responses to the target brand and the other five brands in the same category were compared. The results showed that the specific effect of sampling appeared only from about 500 ms. The target brand elicited a larger late positive potential (LPP) than the other brands only for the participants who sampled it. The findings suggest that, compared with merely reading the information about a product, tasting a sample makes the brand more motivationally salient than the other brands in the same food category.

著者

Mary FLAHERTY

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.31-38, 2005 (Released:2005-05-12)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

6 9

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Literature on mental rotation tasks consistently reports that males perform better than females. The current study is an attempt to scrutinize the influence of culture and experience with spatial activities in performance on a mental rotation test. The participants were 115 Ecuadorians, 120 Irish Caucasians and 128 Japanese. Half the participants in each group were male and half were female. They completed the Group Mental Rotation Test (GMRT) and a Spatial Activities Questionnaire (SAQ). Males outperformed females on the GMRT in all three cultures. Participation in “masculine activities” from the SAQ correlated with high GMRT scores, in “feminine activities” with low GMRT scores. There was a main effect of nationality; subjects from Ireland and Japan scored higher than their counterparts in Ecuador. The implications of the nationality effect raises questions about the widely accepted stability of the gender difference in spatial ability.

著者

Kazuo FUJITA

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2-3, pp.71-72, 2016 (Released:2017-09-21)

参考文献数

11

著者

Atsushi IRIKI Hiroaki SUZUKI Shogo TANAKA Rafael BRETAS VIEIRA Yumiko YAMAZAKI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.151-173, 2021 (Released:2022-02-14)

参考文献数

89

被引用文献数

2 7

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After a specific point in history, hominin evolution accelerated to a level that could not be accounted for by natural selection alone. An alternative mechanism has been proposed based on mutual interaction among neural, cognitive, and ecological niches in a positive feedback loop (triadic niche construction [TNC]). Nevertheless, the trigger events for the cognitive revolution of Homo sapiens as well as the reasons for this event being limited to a single species remain unknown. In this paper, using a multidisciplinary approach involving psychology, neurobiology, and phenomenology, we propose a shift in the mechanisms underlying TNC, from TNC-1 in hominids to TNC-2 in Homo sapiens, to answer these questions. As the hominin brain expanded during TNC-1, latent cognitive capabilities were incubated within its neural framework to be expressed with a simple rewiring among brain areas in TNC-2, a quick and inexpensive process but one that requires a unique set of preconditions to commence. This process was bootstrapped by the advanced function of “projection,” which enabled humans to recognize the “self” in a particular time and space in the world, allowing the manipulation of this world (in both physical and symbolic dimensions) again in a “positive feedback loop.” Finally, on the basis of this hypothesis, we discuss the immediate problems to be addressed in the research fields of cognitive science, archeology, anthropology, and neurobiology.

著者

GOSAKU NARUSE

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.20-26, 1959 (Released:2021-07-21)

被引用文献数

2

著者

Yuta TAKIGUCHI Mariko KIKUTANI Mie MATSUI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-B027, (Released:2023-04-21)

参考文献数

125

被引用文献数

1

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This article discusses the psychological impact of leisure across a lifetime using a life-course perspective, which assumes that people’s experiences at earlier life stages shape their following developmental trajectories. Since leisure activities are part of one’s lifestyle, adopting this perspective to leisure research is invaluable. By reviewing a variety of research, the article discusses 1) the progress of psychological leisure research and the impact of leisure on subjective well-being and cognitive functioning, 2) transitions in leisure and their relationship from a life-course perspective, and 3) the benefits related to the accumulation of leisure activities across the lifespan. The present review concludes that positive psychological achievement (e.g., self-worth, affirmation, and self-realization) and cognitive foundation (e.g., high levels of basic cognitive skills) shaped through leisure participation in early life stages help overcome challenges in later stages (i.e., successfully adapt to psychological vulnerability and cognitive decline in old age).

著者

Ryo TERAOKA Naoki KURODA Wataru TERAMOTO

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-B028, (Released:2023-02-24)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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Body representation is shaped by integrating information from various sensory modalities. This study investigated the relationship between age-related changes in the visuo-proprioceptive integration of body representation and interoceptive ability. Results showed that older adults demonstrated a greater proprioceptive drift than younger counterparts. Further, the results revealed that younger adults’ proprioceptive drift tended to diminish as time elapsed; conversely, older adults did not experience any reduction. No discrepancies were detected between age groups on any interoceptive abilities. However, all participants exhibited a significant positive correlation between their interoceptive sensibility and the degree of body position perception update. Therefore, it can be concluded that the higher their interoceptive sensibility, the more likely it is that participants experience body position perception update. These results suggest that interoceptive ability is associated with the update process of body position perception but does not explain the gap between age groups.

著者

Yuji OGIHARA Yukiko UCHIDA Takashi KUSUMI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.213-223, 2014 (Released:2015-07-03)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

9 14

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It has been suggested that individualistic systems have been recently employed in Japan, and Japanese people have become more individualistic. However, previous research suggested that such cultural changes have negative associations with interpersonal relationships and happiness for Japanese (Ogihara & Uchida, 2014). In the present research, to demonstrate a negative aspect of individualism in Japan, we examined the meaning of individualism which Japanese people hold. Japanese participants aged 16 to 69 reported their evaluation to the word “individualism” and their perception of an “individualistic person.” We found that individualism was regarded as being neutral and ambivalent, including both the positive aspect of being “with independence and freedom” and the negative aspect of being “without positive interpersonal relationships.” In contrast, participants predicted others’ evaluation of individualism to be more negative than their own evaluation, since they presumed that others would not consider the positive aspect of independence and freedom.

著者

Yoshinori HIROI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-B024, (Released:2022-07-22)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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A wide range of research across academic disciplines including brain sciences, psychology and social sciences are paying attention to the cooperative or altruistic aspects of human behavior or human beings. This can be regarded as an essential departure from the basic paradigm of modern science or the modern model about human beings, which characterizes them as independent or atomistic individuals maximizing self-interests. While there may be a myriad of factors behind such a shift, attention can be focused on one socio-economic factor: the state of a society as determined by the “finite” versus “infinite” character of the total volume of resources and environment. This perspective is explored in this article through theoretical and historical viewpoints and future directions for the “reintegration of economy and ethics” in the post-growth society are presented.

著者

Kyoko TAKAISHI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.169-187, 2017 (Released:2019-09-25)

参考文献数

19

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“Ego-experience” is a subjective experience, engraved in the memory, of the awakening of the ego, and was posited by German adolescent psychologists in the early 20th century. In this study, I report on survey results for 215 respondents to a 2005 questionnaire on ego-experience, one of two I administered to students of the same girls’ school, as well as a comparison over time for 622 respondents to a 1982 questionnaire. The results showed that there was no change in the percentage of girls who recall some ego-experience, and those who recall the age of initial experience as about 10. On the other hand, some remarkable changes were observed. Particularly, fewer respondents chose experience in the “ego-consciousness” category as core experiences, suggesting that the subjective world of contemporary adolescents is characterized by less internal confrontation and dialogue. Finally, this paper examines the necessity of taking these changes into account in psychotherapy.

著者

HERBERT SPIEGELBERG

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.135-146, 1961 (Released:2021-08-26)

被引用文献数

4

著者

Xiaodong FEI Shuo ZHAO Jinhui LIU

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-A144, (Released:2022-05-12)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

3

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This study examines the influence of Chinese semantics and phonology on the auditory lexical processing of Japanese Kanji words by Chinese Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) intermediate learners in lexical decision task and translation task. The results of two experiments show that during the auditory lexical processing of Japanese Kanji words, (1) Chinese semantics is activated rapidly and inhibits the lexical activation of Chinese-Japanese homographs, with a stronger inhibitive effect on homographs with a high phonological similarity; (2) Chinese phonology is activated rapidly and inhibits the semantic processing of both cognates and homographs, and the inhibitory effect of Chinese phonology on homographs is stronger than on cognates; (3) The semantic and phonological information therefore shows dual inhibitive effects on homographs with a high phonological similarity in Japanese word processing. These results suggest that there will be strong negative impacts on Chinese learners who mainly rely on Chinese orthography, phonology and semantics in the process of Japanese word learning.

著者

Chifumi SAKATA Yoshiyuki UEDA Michio NOMURA

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-A156, (Released:2022-05-23)

参考文献数

54

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Attitude persistence involves the maintenance or reinforcement of an initial attitude, despite the counter-opinions of others. Previous studies suggest that the importance of a topic has a significant impact on attitude persistence. However, it is not clear whether the effect is invariant in different communication environments. This study investigated two presentation modalities (audio and video) and visual access to the speaker’s eyes (looking at the eyes or mouth) to determine whether topic importance invariantly induces irritation about the counter-opinion that leads to attitude persistence. Our results revealed that: 1) irritation upon hearing a counter-opinion led to attitude persistence regardless of the modalities and 2) topic importance affected irritation with the audio presentation; its effect was slightly weaker with the video presentation. Our results also indicate that when the effect of topic importance is directly compared across modalities, it is generally related to irritation in both modalities.