著者

Shizuma Yanagisawa Shimpei F. Hiruta Yositaka Sakamaki Satoshi Shimano

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.145-151, 2021-06-17 (Released:2021-06-17)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

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A new species from the cockroach genus Eucorydia Hebard, 1929 from Miyako-jima Island of the Nansei Islands in Southwest Japan was compared to six closely related congeners; E. yasumatsui Asahina, 1971; E. donanensis Yanagisawa, Sakamaki, and Shimano, 2020; E. tokaraensis Yanagisawa, Sakamaki, and Shimano, 2020; E. dasytoides (Walker, 1868); E. guilinensis Qiu, Che, and Wang, 2017; and E. pilosa Qiu, Che, and Wang, 2017. The new species Eucorydia miyakoensis Yanagisawa, Sakamaki, and Shimano, sp. nov. from Miyako-jima Island was characterized by a small overall male body length of 12.5–13.0 mm and tegmina with an uninterrupted orange transversal band in the middle, and a pair of orange pubescent patches at the base. Eucorydia yasumatsui, E. donanensis, E. tokaraensis, the zonata population of E. dasytoides, and E. miyakoensis were divided into five lineages in a maximum likelihood tree generated from a dataset concatenated from five molecular markers (two nuclear: 28SrRNA and histone H3, and three mitochondrial: COII, 12SrRNA, and 16SrRNA). We recognized E. miyakoensis as a distinct species, which was also supported by the pairwise genetic distances (3.4%–6.7%, K2P) of the COI sequences to the other Japanese Eucorydia species.

著者

Tobias Pfingstl Shimpei F. Hiruta Takamasa Nemoto Wataru Hagino Satoshi Shimano

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.93-99, 2021-03-22 (Released:2021-03-22)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

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We describe a new species of marine associated oribatid mite, Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov., from a wharf of fishing port (Choshi Outer Fishing Port), Chiba, Honshu, Japan. This species was spotted for the first time ever on photographs posted on Twitter. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov. is characterized by a specific cuticular notogastral pattern consisting of distinct nodules that are fused to irregular ridges in the median anterior and the median posterior region. Additionally, it features a unique combination of fused lamellar keels, presence of primilateral setae on tarsus I, presence of dorsal companion setae on genu I, II, III and all tibiae and tarsal distal setae ending with a small nodule. Ameronothrus twitter Pfingstl and Shimano, sp. nov. is the second species of this genus found on Japanese islands, which represents the southernmost occurrences of this taxon in the Asian Pacific region.

著者

Taiga Kato Mitsuo Takano Takafumi Nakano Satoshi Shimano

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.23-30, 2023-01-12 (Released:2023-01-12)

参考文献数

44

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The taxonomic status of millipedes of the genus Spirobolus Brandt, 1833, referred to as “Yaeyama-maruyasude” from the Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, was unresolved. We assess the taxonomic status of these Yaeyama Spirobolus sp. using an integrated morphological and molecular approach, and describe them as a new species, S. akamma sp. nov., for which partial sequences of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and 16S ribosomal RNA markers are provided. This new species differs from continental China and Taiwan endemic congeners in anterior gonopod morphology (in having an elongate and subtriangular coxa, and a pentagonal mesal sternal process), posterior gonopod morphology (in having a coronoid prefemoral endite with rounded distal end, and an elongate telopodite), and in having four serrations on the cyphopod lateral flange.

著者

Naoto Sawada Haruhiko Toyohara Takafumi Nakano

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.217-224, 2021-09-10 (Released:2021-09-10)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2

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Sodium hypochlorite has been used for cleaning specimens of freshwater and brackish water snails that are covered with deposits. Our experiments using specimens of two freshwater snail species, Semisulcospira niponica (Smith, 1876) and S. reticulata Kajiyama and Habe, 1961, showed that this traditional method could remove thin deposit layers, including algae, but was not useful for obstinate deposits. We found that a new method using ammonium thioglycolate could be applied to remove obstinate iron-rich deposits. Though ammonium thioglycolate treatment caused loss of gloss inside the aperture, this loss could be prevented by plugging a kneaded eraser into an aperture. Moreover, the new method could clean specimens with little damage of the periostracum. So as to remove deposits with the least damage to shells, 3% w/v sodium hypochlorite was useful for deposits including algae, and 20% w/v ammonium thioglycolate was suitable for cleaning specimens with iron-rich deposits. Degeneration of the microstructure of inner whorls can be avoided by plugged shell apertures with a kneaded eraser in both methods. Shell deposits that are composed of both algae and iron should be treated first with 20% w/v ammonium thioglycolate, and then with 3% w/v sodium hypochlorite to remove the deposits. Appropriate cleaning methods enable accurate examination and long-term preservation of shell specimens.

著者

Shizuma Yanagisawa Yositaka Sakamaki Sopark Jantarit Satoshi Shimano

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.191-195, 2021-08-06 (Released:2021-08-06)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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Specimens of the genus Eucorydia Hebard, 1929 from Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, were compared with eight closely similar congeners: E. aenea (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865), E. dasytoides (Walker, 1868), E. yunnanensis Woo, Guo, and Feng, 1986, E. pilosa Qiu, Che, and Wang, 2017, E. guilinensis Qiu, Che, and Wang, 2017, E. tangi Qiu, Che, and Wang, 2017, E. linglong Qiu, Che, and Wang, 2017, and E. tokaraensis Yanagisawa, Sakamaki, and Shimano, 2020, and turned out to be a different species from eight congeners. This species from Thailand is characterized by the specific male genitalia shape: right phallomere 2 (R2) slightly elongated, the basal left area of R2 forming a triangular protrusion, and the basal half of left phallomere 7 (L7) protruded to the left with long spatulate distal half and with a beak-like apex. This species is also characterized by the tegmina containing three orange markings in the middle, and with a pair of orange markings at its base. Based on the above, this species is described as a new species, Eucorydia asahinai sp. nov.

著者

Tomohiro Kita Kazuki Matsushige Shunsuke Endo Noritaka Mochioka Katsunori Tachihara

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.31-36, 2021-03-05 (Released:2021-03-05)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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Six specimens of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 were collected from Okinawa-jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, southern Japan. This species was previously known from Luzon Island, Mindanao Island and Taiwan. Therefore, the present specimens represent the first records of A. luzonensis from Japan and extend the northern distribution limit of the species. A new standard Japanese name, “Uguma-unagi”, is proposed for the species.

著者

Yusuke Hibino Kaoru Kuriiwa Tetsuya Yamada Kiyotaka Hatooka Kar Hoe Loh Tetsuro Sasaki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.177-182, 2020-08-07 (Released:2020-08-07)

参考文献数

12

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Four specimens from Minami-iwo-to island of Volcano Islands were identified as Uropterygius oligospondylus Chen, Randall, and Loh in Loh et al., 2008. It is the first identified record from Japan and the northernmost record of the species. Uropterygius oligospondylus can be characterized by the following characters: total vertebrae 100–103; body gray with blackish reticular pattern; jaws teeth in two or three rows; anus close to mid-body; head 13.7–16.7% TL; trunk 32.8–36.6% TL; body depth at gill opening 5.8–8.3% TL; eye diameter 3.9–5.3% of head length; snout 16.2–20.3% of head length; and presence of a distinct notch above mid-eye. A new Japanese standard name “Kobu-kikai-utsubo” is proposed for the species. The position of the fourth infraorbital pores from original description should be revised as “far behind posterior end of eye”.

著者

Mizuki Sasaki Jason Lee Anders Minoru Nakao

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.255-272, 2021-09-10 (Released:2021-09-10)

参考文献数

135

被引用文献数

2

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The cestode fauna of murid and cricetid rodents in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, was evaluated based on our parasite collection and a review of the literature. Adult and larval cestodes collected from Apodemus speciosus (Temminck, 1844), Myodes rufocanus (Sundevall, 1846), and Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) in Hokkaido were identified by both morphological and molecular diagnoses. A total of 10 species from 5 families were confirmed in our collection. Arostrilepis tenuicirrosa Makarikov, Gulyaev, and Kontrimavichus, 2011, Paranoplocephala kalelai (Tenora, Haukisalmi, and Henttonen, 1985), and Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) were recorded for the first time from Hokkaido. A comprehensive look at both the present and previous studies revealed that the cestode fauna of rodents in Japan consists of at least 30 species from 6 families. Among them, 23 species occur in Hokkaido. The species composition is strongly affected by the nearby Eurasian continent, suggesting parasite migrations with rodent hosts over land bridges between Hokkaido and Sakhalin and between Hokkaido and Honshu, the main island of Japan. A DNA barcoding system using sequences of nuclear 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 allowed us to identify cestodes at species and genus levels, even in different developmental stages. The integration of morphological and molecular diagnoses is essential in cestode taxonomy to establish a common ground for biogeographical studies worldwide. The standardization of DNA barcoding is particularly of critical importance.

著者

Minoru Nakao Mizuki Sasaki Tsukasa Waki Mitsuhiko Asakawa

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.159-167, 2019-07-25 (Released:2019-07-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3

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Members of the genus Glaphyrostomum Braun, 1901 (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) are parasites of birds. However, an exception occurs in Glaphyrostomum soricis Asakawa, Kamiya and Ohbayashi, 1988, which was described from the long-clawed shrew, Sorex unguiculatus Dobson, 1890, in Hokkaido, Japan. A recent DNA barcode-based trematode survey of land snails clearly showed that Ainohelix editha (A. Adams, 1868), a bradybaenid snail indigenous to Hokkaido, serves as the first and second intermediate hosts for a species of the genus Pseudoleucochloridium Pojmańska, 1959 (Panopistidae). Its adult stage was furthermore confirmed from S. unguiculatus. A comparison of adult morphology between Pseudoleucochloridium sp. and G. soricis revealed that both should be considered the same species. However, Pseudoleucochloridium soricis comb. nov. cannot be applied because P. soricis (Sołtys, 1952) already exists as the type species of the genus. We, therefore, propose Pseudoleucochloridium ainohelicis nom. nov. as a replacement name for G. soricis.

著者

Kento Takata Yanpeng Shen Kanto Nishikawa Masaharu Motokawa

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.1-4, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

20

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A specimen of Acrochordidae, Acrochordus granulatus (Schneider, 1799) (Squamata), which was collected on Amamioshima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan in 1938, was discovered in the historical zoological collection of the Kyoto University, Japan. The specimen was originally included in the “Third Higher School collection” and is now kept in the Kyoto University Museum. The specimen represents the first record of this species from Japan. Morphology of the specimen is described, and the migration route of this individual is briefly discussed.

著者

Yuya Suzuki Haruki Tatsuta

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.319-328, 2022-10-13 (Released:2022-10-13)

参考文献数

23

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Two new gnaphosid spider species, Cladothela bicolor Suzuki, sp. nov. and Micaria longimana Suzuki, sp. nov. are described on the basis of both sexes, from material collected in the Okinawa Islands in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Illustrations and photographs of both species, as well as a map of the sampling locations are provided.

著者

Yusuke Hibino

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.219-223, 2018-11-25 (Released:2018-11-25)

参考文献数

5

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A new finless ophichthid eel, Apterichtus soyoae, is described based on a single specimen collected from off Tori-shima island, Zunan Islands of Izu Islands, southern Japan. The new species is similar to A. moseri and A. klazingai in its numbers of supratemporal pores, preopercular pores, and vertebrae. The new species differs from A. moseri in having more supraorbital pores (1+6 vs. 1+4), the number of branchings of the supraorbital canal (1 vs. 0), shape of the snout (distinctly pointed vs. relatively blunt), eye size (50% of snout length vs. 35–45%; 8.8% of head length vs. 6.3–8.0%), and the number of vomerine teeth (1 vs. 2–5). Apterichtus soyoae can also be distinguished from A. klazingai by the number of branchings of the supraorbital canal (1 vs. 2), the number of infraorbital pores (7 vs. 9), and the location of the lower jaw tip (anterior to a vertical through anterior margin of eye vs. posterior to the vertical). The number of supraorbital pores and branchings of the canal are discussed.

著者

Hiroshi Nakamine

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.91-94, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

15

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Perlomyia gakken sp. nov. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu, Japan, is described and illustrated. This new species is distinguished from all other Perlomyia species by having a remarkably long and slender epiproct with a crochet hook shape at tip. Although, this new species is most similar to P. kappa Sivec and Stark, 2012, but can be discriminated from P. kappa by the three morphological differences: (1) cercus with small spine-like apex (long terminal spine in P. kappa), (2) epiproct slightly swollen at middle in lateral aspect (swollen basally in P. kappa), and (3) epiproct like a crochet hook shape apically in lateral aspect (expanded apically in lateral aspect in P. kappa). A checklist and type localities map for 25 currently recognised Perlomyia species are also presented.

著者

Jason D. Williams Christopher B. Boyko Takeya Moritaki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.227-241, 2022-07-21 (Released:2022-07-21)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

2

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In this paper, we describe two new species of dajid isopods found enveloping the antennules of decapod hosts: Akrophryxus acinaces sp. nov. parasitizing Pycnoplax surugensis (Rathbun, 1932) (off Pacific coast of central Japan, approximately 200 m depth) and A. pallipalicus sp. nov. parasitizing Parapalicus armatus Castro, 2000 (South China Sea, approximately 410 m depth). Females of both species exhibit the characteristic spheroid shape found in the genus Akrophryxus Williams and Boyko, 2021. Females of the three species in Akrophryxus can be distinguished by several characters, including form of the pleon and oostegite 5. Males can be distinguished by head/pereomere 1 to pereomere 2 ratio and posterolateral margin shape, and pereopod 6 dactylus and ischium size. The three species of Akrophryxus not only differ in morphological characters but parasitize species belonging to three different heterotreme brachyuran families. The first described cryptoniscus larval stage for any species in the genus is described for A. acinaces sp. nov. We also describe a new cryptoniscoid, Chimaeroniscus spheramator gen. et sp. nov., the first hyperparasite described from any dajid host (A. pallipalicus sp. nov. on the host Pa. armatus). This hyperparasite is a putative egg predator of its dajid host and exhibits a unique combination of generic level characters including: pleon markedly narrower than pereon, antennule with large teeth on basal segment and with setal brush, 3 or 4 coxal teeth on all pereomeres, pereopods 3–7 isomorphic and dissimilar from pereopods 1 and 2, telson with smooth distomedial projection, and uropodal exopods half-length of endopods. Finally, we address some taxonomic issues within Cryptoniscoidea, moving two genera (Neritoniscus Schultz, 1977 and Cryptocisus Schultz, 1977) known only by cryptoniscus larval characters from Cryptoniscoidea incertae sedis to Dajidae and synonymize Cryptonus Schultz, 1977 with Holophryxus Richardson, 1905.

著者

Etsuro Sawai Yusuke Yamanoue Laith Jawad Juma Al-Mamry Yoichi Sakai

出版者

日本動物分類学会

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.99-104, 2017-05-25 (Released:2017-05-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

7

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We employed molecular systematic analysis based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences to identify two specimens of ocean sunfish from Omani coastal waters that had previously been identified morphologically as Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. ramsayi (Giglioli, 1883). Of the three molecular species that are recognized globally, Mola sp. A, Mola sp. B, and Mola sp. C, we confirmed that both specimens from Oman are Mola sp. A. This result suggested a broader distribution of this species than had ever been thought, but it also revealed a discrepancy between morphological and genetic characters in Mola taxonomy. We reexamined the morphology of the two specimens from Oman to clarify the extent to which the key morphological features correspond with molecular genetic identifications, and discovered errors in the original reports on both specimens.

著者

Hirozumi Kobayashi Tohru Naruse

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.177-187, 2023-08-10 (Released:2023-08-10)

参考文献数

26

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A single specimen of gecarcinid crab, Discoplax gracilipes Ng and Guinot, 2001, was collected from an anchialine pool in a cave on Hateruma Island, southern Ryukyu Archipelago, southwestern Japan. This species was previously known only from the central Philippines. The present specimen represents the first record of the species from Japan, extending its distributional range to about 1400 km northward. Additionally, the fauna of the cave on Hateruma Island briefly noted. A key to the Japanese species of the family Gecarcinidae is provided.

著者

Ken Maeda Toshifumi Saeki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.253-262, 2018-11-25 (Released:2018-11-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

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Amphidromous gobies of Sicyopterus (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) are distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate streams in the Indo-Pacific region. Two species, Sicyopterus japonicus (Tanaka, 1909) and Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas, 1770), are known from Japan. In the present study, two specimens of an additional species were collected in Okinawa Island, in southern Japan. We compared morphologies of the type series of Sicyopterus longifilis de Beaufort, 1912 and Sicyopterus brevis de Beaufort, 1912 collected in Indonesia, with the specimens from Okinawa Island to revise the taxonomy of these species and to identify the Okinawan specimens. Syntypes of S. longifilis and S. brevis share many characters, including a unique mouth morphology. Although fin morphologies, tooth number, and the shape of the urogenital papilla differ between S. longifilis and S. brevis syntypes, these amount to normal sexual dimorphism of sicydiine gobies. De Beaufort collected his specimens at the same locality on the same date. We conclude that the syntypes of S. longifilis and S. brevis are actually males and females of same species. Therefore, they are subjective synonyms, and we give precedence to the name S. longifilis as the first reviser under Article 24.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999). The two specimens from Okinawa Island were identified as S. longifilis and this is the first record of this species from Japan.

著者

Taiga Kunishima Herminie P. Palla Katsunori Tachihara Ken Maeda

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.129-138, 2022-04-15 (Released:2022-04-15)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1

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Twenty specimens of Acentrogobius ocyurus (Jordan and Seale, 1907) were collected in Manko, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan and Sulu Sea side of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan Island, Philippines. As the species had previously been reported from the South China Sea, Andaman Sea, and northern Australian waters, these specimens from Okinawa and Palawan represent the first records of the species from Japan and the Sulu Sea. Acentrogobius ocyurus was found on muddy substrata at the lowest tidal zone of the mudflat and was often found in burrows of mangrove pistol shrimp, Alpheus richardsoni Yaldwyn, 1971. Morphological traits suggested that A. ocyurus is closely related to A. globiceps (Hora, 1923), A. kranjiensis (Herre, 1940), and Acentrogobius sp. (“Suzume-haze” in Japanese name), with several homologous features including, the transverse pattern of the sensory papillae on the cheek, caudal fin pointed in middle, a black stripe behind the eye along the anterior oculoscapular canal, bright blue spots laterally on the body, and an oblique yellow stripe across the upper part of the caudal fin.

著者

Yoshiaki Kai Akinori Otani Ryo Misawa Benjamin W. Frable Fumihito Tashiro

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.285-292, 2022-10-13 (Released:2022-10-13)

参考文献数

25

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Two specimens of a rare deep-sea anglerfish, Himantolophus azurlucens Beebe and Crane, 1947, were collected off the Pacific coast of northern Japan, representing the first records from the western North Pacific. These specimens represent the second and third records of the species since the original description, which was based on a single specimen from the eastern North Pacific; we determined that a previous record from the Atlantic was erroneous. We herein provide a description of the specimens and comments on intraspecific variation of the escal appendages. The new Japanese name “Masamori-chouchin-anko” is proposed for H. azurlucens. In addition, we provide DNA barcode sequences of the recently collected specimens of Himantolophus Reinhardt, 1837, including H. azurlucens and the fourth record of H. borealis Kharin, 1984, and demonstrate remarkably low intraspecific genetic variation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I within the genus.

著者

Yusuke Yamana Hayato Tanaka Shu Nakachi

出版者

日本動物分類学会

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.53-68, 2017-05-25 (Released:2017-05-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

3

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Three new sea cucumbers collected in the intertidal and subtidal zone of southern Japan, Taeniogyrus mijim sp. nov., Rowedota chippiru sp. nov., and R. motoshimaensis sp. nov., are described. All three species display a small body size (approximately 10–20 mm), light body colour (primarily a transparent solid colour), and a small number of digits in their tentacles (one pair or two). They are easily distinguished from each other and from other congeners by the number of digits and by ossicle size and shape. Among these species, the state of the tooth series on the inner margin of the wheel ossicles is an important defining feature, i.e., a continuous row in Taeniogyrus but interrupted by concavities in Rowedota. Also, each tooth is sharp in T. mijim, trapezoidal in R. chippiru, and semicircular in R. motoshimaensis. The number of teeth per radiant is 7–16 (means of 10–13 in different specimens) in T. mijim, 7–15 (means 9–12) in R. chippiru, and 8–21 (means 11–19) in R. motoshimaensis. Among these three new species, only R. chippiru has thick rod ossicles in the body wall.