著者

Yutaka Tahara Katsuya Obara

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.307-312, 2014-07-25 (Released:2014-07-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

26 32

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The development of shell-less culture methods for bird embryos with high hatchability would be useful for the efficient generation of transgenic chickens, embryo manipulations, tissue engineering, and basic studies in regenerative medicine. To date, studies of culture methods for bird embryos include the whole embryo culture using narrow windowed eggshells, surrogate eggshells, and an artificial vessel using a gas-permeable membrane. However, there are no reports achieving high hatchability of >50% using completely artificial vessels. To establish a simple method for culturing chick embryos with high hatchability, we examined various culture conditions, including methods for calcium supplementation and oxygen aeration. In the embryo cultures where the embryos were transferred to the culture vessel after 55-56 h incubation, more than 90% of embryos survived until day 17 when a polymethylpentene film was used as a culture vessel with calcium lactate and distilled water supplementations. The aeration of pure oxygen to the surviving embryos from day 17 yielded a hatchability of 57.1% (8 out of 14). Thus, we successfully achieved a high hatchability with this method in chicken embryo culture using an artificial vessel.

著者

Manabu Onuma

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0150015, (Released:2015-04-25)

被引用文献数

1

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As of 2014, 89 species have been legally designated as “nationally endangered species of wild fauna and flora,” including 37 avian species in Japan. To facilitate the breeding of endangered species and the maintenance of protected habitats, a program for the rehabilitation of natural habitats and maintenance of viable populations is being established by the Ministry of the Environment and other related ministries for 49 of the species on the above list. The programs have already been established for 15 such avian species, and are currently managed by zoos or local authorities. Maintaining genetic diversity is necessary to ensure the stable procreation of endangered species. A decline in breeding potential due to inbreeding can be prevented by careful maintenance of genetic diversity. In addition to the prevention of inbreeding depression, the maintenance of genetic diversity safeguards species’ resistance to pathogens, as well as their capacity to cope with environmental change. This manuscript reports on the status of currently available genetic information for nationally endangered avian species in Japan, with a particular focus on the 15 species included in the conservation and propagation program. In the NCBI “Nucleotide” database, 315 entries were related to sequence information from the 15 endangered species. Mitochondrial DNA-related sequences constituted 238 (75.6%) of these entries. In the NCBI “Genome” database, genome sequence entries for three species were found. As is the case with mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite loci are very useful for endangered species conservation to evaluate genetic diversity. However, information about the endangered avian species’ microsatellite makers is limited. This situation could have a considerable negative impact on captive breeding projects in particular. Hence, the development of microsatellite markers for these species is a priority.

著者

Awad A.Shehata Wieland Schrödl Philipp Schledorn Monika Krüger

出版者

日本家禽学会

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.333-337, 2014-07-25 (Released:2014-07-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 17

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Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) is a most popular herbicide in agricultural practices throughout the world. It is possible that glyphosate spread in the ecosystems can reach plants, animals. The present work was directed to investigate the glyphosate residue in different organs of broiler chickens using ELISA and to study the possibility of its neutralisation using humic acid, Chlorella vulgaris and Saccharomyces boulardii. Results showed that glyphosate residues could be detected in the animal feed and different organs as liver, spleen, lung, intestine, heart, muscles and kidney. Humic acid, Chlorella vulgaris and Saccharomyces boulardii showed neutralization of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate in vitro. Also, feed supplementation of commercial broiler with humic acid (0.2%) leads to a significant decrease in the glyphosate content, i.e. by 53%, 28%, 44%, 50%, 56%, 16%, 63% and 0% in serum, liver, spleen, lung, gastro-intestinal tract, heart, muscles and kidney, respectively. There were no significant effects of humic acid on the production parameters. This enlightenment will help to overcome the negative effect of glyphosate residues on gastrointestinal microbiota and protect consumers from glyphosate residues in chicken meat.

著者

Maamer Jlali Clémentine Hincelin Maria Francesch Tania Rougier Pierre Cozannet Sarper Ozbek Marcio Ceccantini Baris Yavuz Aurélie Preynat Estelle Devillard

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023019, 2023 (Released:2023-08-05)

参考文献数

29

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Exogenous phytases are commonly added to low-phosphorus and low-calcium diets to improve P availability and reduce P excretion by poultry. This study investigated the effect of supplementation with a novel bacterial 6-phytase on egg production, egg quality, bone mineralization, and precaecal digestibility of P in laying hens fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. A total of 576 Hy-Line brown laying hens were used in a completely randomized block design at 25–45 weeks of age (woa). The three treatments included a positive control (PC) adequate-nutrient diet with 2840 kcal metabolizable energy/kg, 0.77% digestible lysine, 3.5% Ca, and 0.30% available P (avP); a negative control (NC) diet with 0.16% points less Ca and avP; and an NC diet supplemented with a novel bacterial 6-phytase at 300 phytase units/kg diet. Hen performance and the percentage of damaged eggs were measured every 4 weeks. Body weight, precaecal digestibility of P, and bone parameters at 45 woa were also measured. The reduction in avP and Ca in the NC diet did not compromise performance or egg quality. However, it decreased (P < 0.001) body weight, tibial dry matter, tibial ash and P content, and precaecal digestibility of P. Importantly, all these parameters were significantly improved (P < 0.001) and essentially restored to the levels measured in PC diet-fed hens upon supplementation with phytase. In summary, the present study demonstrates that the new bacterial 6-phytase could effectively counteract the negative effects of P and Ca deficiencies on body weight, bone mineralization, and P availability, thereby supporting high productivity without compromising the welfare of laying hens.

著者

Jun-ichi Shiraishi Daichi Ijiri Ayumi Katafuchi Shozo Tomonaga Saki Shimamoto Hanwool Do Shinya Ishihara Akira Ohtsuka

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023017, 2023 (Released:2023-07-22)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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The concentration of Nτ-methylhistidine in plasma provides an index of skeletal muscle protein breakdown. This study aimed to establish a quantitative method for measuring the concentrations of Nτ-methylhistidine and its isomer Nπ-methylhistidine in chicken plasma, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope dilution analysis. The acceptable linear ranges of detection were 1.56–50.00 μmol/L for Nτ-methylhistidine and 0.78–25.00 μmol/L for Nπ-methylhistidine. The proposed method detected changes in the plasma levels of Nτ-methylhistidine and Nπ-methylhistidine in response to fasting and re-feeding. These results suggest that the method developed in this study can be used for the simultaneous measurement of Nτ-methylhistidine and Nπ-methylhistidine in chicken plasma.

著者

Kohsyo Yamauchi Noboru Manabe Yoshiki Matsumoto Koh-en Yamauchi

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.327-332, 2014-07-25 (Released:2014-07-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

7 7

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Effects of wood vinegar (WV) on red mites, safety test for chicks, and egg production performance were examined. In the counting of red mite numbers at cage knots using RGB color range of red mites by the image analyzer, the red mite were decreased after spraying (P<0.01). In a WV safety test for 8-day-old chicks, one ml of water, original WV, or WV diluted 500 and 1,000 times were tube-fed twice daily for 6 days. The rate of body weight gain was decreased in original WV group than that in the control (P<0.05), but it was not different in both WV dilution groups compared with that in the water-only group. In spraying one ml WV to the hen’s face twice per day for 8 days, the egg production performances of WV group did not changed so much compared with those of the control and initial day. These results suggest that the WV did not reduced production performance.From these results, WV could exterminate red mites, and did not reduce egg production, suggesting that WV is a useful natural substance to exterminate red mites without harmful effect.

著者

Min Liu Victoria Anthony Uyanga Xikang Cao Xinyu Liu Hai Lin

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023011, 2023 (Released:2023-05-03)

参考文献数

146

被引用文献数

4

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Clostridium butyricum is an important probiotic for chickens and exerts various biological activities, including altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota, competing with other microorganisms for nutrients, improving the integrity of the intestinal mucosal system, changing the intestinal barrier, and improving overall host health. Intestinal microbes also play vital roles in maintaining the intestinal barrier, regulating intestinal health, and promoting chicken growth. During chicken production, chickens are vulnerable to various stressors that have detrimental effects on the intestinal barrier with significant economic consequences. C. butyricum is a known probiotic that promotes intestinal health and produces the short-chain fatty acid butyric acid, which is beneficial for the growth performance of chickens. This review elucidates the development and utilization of C. butyricum to improve intestinal barrier function and growth performance in chickens through its probiotic properties and interactions with intestinal microbes.

著者

Yang Wang

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.7-17, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

109

被引用文献数

3

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that inhibit protein translation from target mRNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs can regulate a broad range of biological pathways, including cell differentiation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. With the development of miRNAs, the investigation of miRNA functions has emerged as a hot research field. Due to the intensive farming in recent decades, chickens are easily influenced by various pathogen transmissions, and this has resulted in large economic losses. Recent reports have shown that miRNAs can play critical roles in the regulation of chicken diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review is to briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the effects of miRNAs on chickens suffering from common viral diseases, mycoplasmosis, necrotic enteritis, and ovarian tumors. Additionally, the detailed targets of miRNAs and their possible functions are also summarized. This review intends to highlight the key role of miRNAs in regard to chickens and presents the possibility of improving chicken disease resistance through the regulation of miRNAs.

著者

Natsuki Takahashi Ryosuke Makino Kazumi Kita

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.63-66, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

20

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Eighty 14-d-old single-comb White Leghorn male chicks were divided into 16 groups with five birds each. Fructosyl-valine, which is a valine-glucose-Amadori product, was intravenously (2,250 nmol/kg body weight) or orally (300 µmol/kg body weight) administered to chicks. Blood samples were collected 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 min after administration. Plasma concentrations of fructosyl-valine were measured by using a liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The time course change in plasma fructosyl-valine concentration showed an exponential curve, as y=a+be−λt. The half-life of plasma fructosyl-valine was calculated by the following equation: (loge2)/λ. When fructosyl-valine was injected intravenously, the highest value for plasma fructosyl-valine concentration was observed 15 min after administration. When injected intravenously, the half-life of plasma fructosyl-valine was calculated to be 231 min. When fructosyl-valine was administered orally to chicks, the highest value for plasma fructosyl-valine concentration was observed 180 min after administration. When administered orally, the half-life of plasma fructosyl-valine was calculated to be 277 min. We conclude that the half-life of fructosyl-valine in plasma was approximately 4 h, which is longer than that of glycated tryptophan.

著者

Yoichiro Shimura Nobuo Shoji Taichiro Tanikawa Tomoaki Obayashi Jun Honda Miyuki Tanaka Yukiko Sasaki Jun Fukushima Tamio Inamoto

出版者

日本家禽学会

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.165-172, 2016 (Released:2016-04-25)

参考文献数

33

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To determine the influence of media composition on Salmonella exclusion of Nurmi-type cultures, two and four types of cultures in the first and second trial, respectively, were prepared from the cecal contents of conventional laying hens, and Salmonella exclusion was assessed in newly hatched chicks. In the first trial, modified Viande Levure (VL) broth or nutrient broth (NB) were used to prepare Nurmi-type cultures (N-VL and N-NB), which were administered to the newly hatched chicks. Twenty-four hours later, the chicks were challenged with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium EF85-9 (ST). ST recoveries (log10 colony forming units/g of cecal contents) from the N-VL-, N-NB-, and control-treated groups 5 days after the challenge were 7.6±0.6, 0.9±1.9, and 7.7±0.4, respectively. The results suggested the influence of L-cysteine (Cys) present in the VL broth. Thus, we determined the effect of Cys in the second trial. We prepared two other cultures using VL broth without Cys (N-VL—Cys) and NB with Cys (N-NB+Cys). ST recoveries from the cecal contents of the N-VL-, N-VL—Cys-, and control-treated groups were 6.3±0.9, 2.1±2.5, and 9.2±0.8, respectively. ST was not recovered from the N-NB- and N-NB+Cys-treated groups. To identify bacteria with Salmonella exclusion activity, we isolated 41 bacterial strains from the ceca of N-NB-treated chicks without Salmonella challenge. Most isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis or E. mundtii based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and only four cultures excluded Salmonella. Therefore, VL broth containing Cys was not always required for preparing Nurmi-type cultures. The use of media prepared with Cys at the lowest possible concentration or without Cys would promote to enhance Salmonella exclusion from Nurmi-type cultures.

著者

Tahara Yutaka Obara Katsuya

出版者

日本家禽学会

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.307-312, 2014

被引用文献数

32

---

The development of shell-less culture methods for bird embryos with high hatchability would be useful for the efficient generation of transgenic chickens, embryo manipulations, tissue engineering, and basic studies in regenerative medicine. To date, studies of culture methods for bird embryos include the whole embryo culture using narrow windowed eggshells, surrogate eggshells, and an artificial vessel using a gas-permeable membrane. However, there are no reports achieving high hatchability of >50% using completely artificial vessels. To establish a simple method for culturing chick embryos with high hatchability, we examined various culture conditions, including methods for calcium supplementation and oxygen aeration. In the embryo cultures where the embryos were transferred to the culture vessel after 55-56 h incubation, more than 90% of embryos survived until day 17 when a polymethylpentene film was used as a culture vessel with calcium lactate and distilled water supplementations. The aeration of pure oxygen to the surviving embryos from day 17 yielded a hatchability of 57.1% (8 out of 14). Thus, we successfully achieved a high hatchability with this method in chicken embryo culture using an artificial vessel.

著者

Shozo Tomonaga Mitsuhito Matsumoto Mitsuhiro Furuse

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.308-312, 2012-10-25 (Released:2012-10-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

8 22

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Carnosine and its methylated derivative anserine are dipeptides present in high levels in chicken muscles. They are antioxidants and putative neurotransmitters. If administration of β-alanine, one of the constituents of carnosine, could increase levels of these dipeptides in the brain and muscles, it may improve brain function and increase commercial values of the chicken meat. In the present study, we investigated whether orally administered β-alanine could increase these dipeptide levels in the brain, Musculus pectoralis superficialis, and plasma in broiler chicks. Broilers (2 days old) were given oral doses of β-alanine (0.176, 0.88, 4.4 and 22 mmol/kg) twice a day for 5 days. Carnosine levels were dose-dependently increased in the brain, Musculus pectoralis superficialis, and plasma while no influence of anserine was detected. These results suggest that supplemental β-alanine could be effective in increasing carnosine levels in the brain and muscle of broiler chicks.

著者

Ayumi Katafuchi Saki Shimamoto Mana Kawaguchi Shozo Tomonaga Kazuki Nakashima Shinya Ishihara Akira Ohtsuka Daichi Ijiri

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023032, 2023 (Released:2023-12-22)

参考文献数

34

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Exogenous nutrients are essential for body and skeletal muscle growth in newly hatched chicks, and delaying post-hatch feeding negatively affects body growth, meat yield, and meat quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of delayed post-hatch feeding on the metabolic profiles of broiler chickens using a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Newly hatched chicks had either immediate free access to feed (freely fed chicks) or no access to feed from 0 to 2 days of age (delayed-fed chicks); both groups were subsequently provided feed ad libitum until 13 days of age. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, whereas targeted metabolomic analysis of amino acids was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ortho-phthalaldehyde derivatization. Delayed feeding increased the plasma levels of sucrose, maltose, serotonin, lactitol, gentiobiose, xylitol, threonic acid, and asparagine, and decreased the plasma levels of creatinine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. In addition, the digestibility of the nitrogen-free extract (starch and sugar) and the cecal butyric acid concentration increased in chicks subjected to delayed feeding. In contrast, delayed feeding did not affect muscle protein degradation or digestibility in chicks. Taken together, our results indicate that delaying feeding until 48 h post-hatch alters multiple metabolic pathways, which are accompanied by changes in intestinal carbohydrate digestion and cecal butyric acid content in broiler chickens.

著者

Shotaro Nishimura Sayaka Arai Yoshinao Z Hosaka

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023026, 2023 (Released:2023-10-28)

参考文献数

13

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Collagen content and collagen fiber architecture in the skin of Shamo chickens were compared between sexes and body parts. Cervical, thoracic, dorsal, femoral, and crural skin samples were collected and their collagen content was analyzed. Collagen fiber specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy using the cell maceration method with a NaOH solution. Sex differences in collagen content were only observed in the femoral skin of mature chickens, but not in 10-week-old chicks. The difference in collagen content between body parts was obvious; femoral and crural skin had higher collagen content than those of other parts in both sexes. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the collagen fiber architecture was quite different between the superficial and deep layers in the dermis, with the former consisting of loosely tangled band-like collagen fibers, and the latter composed of thick and dense layers of collagen bundles in a parallel arrangement. The width of collagen fibers in the superficial layer of the dermis differed between sexes in the dorsal, femoral, and crural skin. From these results, it is likely that the difference in collagen content in the femoral skin is not due to sex hormones but other factors, such as mechanical stimulation in daily activity. Additionally, collagen fiber width in the superficial layer is likely related to the difference in collagen content between sexes and between body parts.

著者

Yutaka Tahara Katsuya Obara

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.1-4, 2021 (Released:2021-01-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 3

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Ex ovo culture of avian embryos can be applied not only to embryology but also to various fields of basic research such as embryo manipulation, toxicology, and regenerative medicine. The windowing method, which facilitates various manipulations and observations by opening a hole in one part of the eggshell, and culture systems using surrogate eggshells, are widely used. Despite this, biology lessons in high schools cover shell-less culture systems, which involve the development of avian embryos in artificial vessels, such as rice bowls, without using surrogate eggshells. However, as embryo development stops at its early stages in this method, it is not possible to continuously observe the development of the embryo. This led to attempts to develop an embryo culture method using a complete artificial culture vessel that does not use surrogate eggshells, and Kamihira et al. (1998) succeeded in hatching quail embryos in an artificial culture vessel using polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. In addition, Tahara succeeded in hatching chick embryos in artificial culture vessels that used cling film made of polymethylpentene and reported their detailed methodology (Tahara and Obara, 2014). These technologies are being applied not only to school education but also to various fields of research.

著者

Khoi X. Hoang Mei Matsuzaki Tetsuya Kohsaka Tomohiro Sasanami

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023025, 2023 (Released:2023-10-04)

参考文献数

24

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The relaxin (RLN) gene is expressed in the reproductive tracts, such as the ovary and uterus, of mammalian species. Although RLN expression is detected in the chicken ovary, detailed clarification of the physiological role of RLN has not yet been reported. To address this issue, in the present study we aimed to examine the spatiotemporal expression and hormonal control of RLN in Japanese quail. By performing semi-quantitative and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found that RLN mRNA was mainly expressed in the granulosa and theca layers of the ovary. The expression level in the granulosa layer increased with the stage of follicular development. Results from granulosa layer culture experiments revealed that RLN mRNA expression increased with the addition of estradiol-17β, whereas the addition of progesterone suppressed RLN transcription. More detailed analysis indicated that RLN expression was highest in the stigma region of the follicle but significantly decreased as the time of the expected luteinizing hormone (LH) surge approached. Together, our findings demonstrated that the granulosa cells in the mature preovulatory follicles constitute the main source of RLN in the Japanese quail. Because RLN expression was highest in the stigma region and the expression dramatically decreased following the LH surge, the results further suggest that RLN may be related to tissue remodeling for the ovulation process in birds.

著者

Shiwei Guo Jiaxin Ma Yuanyuan Xing Yuanqing Xu Xiao Jin Sumei Yan Lulu Shi Linghui Zhang Binlin Shi

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023024, 2023 (Released:2023-09-14)

参考文献数

44

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Artemisia annua L. is a natural herb with a variety of bioactive substances, which can play a variety of biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral, and can be used as a potential feed additive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of Artemisia annua L. water extract (AAWE) on growth performance and intestinal related indicators in broilers. A total of 200 one-day-old Arbor Acre broilers were selected and randomly divided into five treatment groups, with five replicates in each group and eight birds per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, whereas the other groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g/kg AAWE. On d 21, with the increase in AAWE dose, final body weight and feed efficiency showed a quadratic increase effect, whereas feed intake showed a linear reduction effect; however, the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter, crude protein, and ether extract increased quadratically on d 42. In addition, the activity of duodenal chymotrypsin and trypsin, and of jejunal lipase quadratically increased, whereas the intestine crypt depth linearly decreased on d 42. The number of total anaerobic bacteria increased quadratically, whereas the number of Escherichia coli decreased quadratically. The number of Lactobacillus increased linearly, whereas H2S emission linearly decreased on d 21; moreover, NH3 emission (24 h) quadratically decreased on d 42. In conclusion, AAWE promoted the growth performance and intestinal related indicators of broilers.

著者

Yu-Hang Cao Ting-Ting Chen Xiong Peng Rong-Rong Wu Xiang Li Gao-Feng Liu Li-Xia Shen Xiao-Jun Chen Zi Yang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun Yong Wu

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023023, 2023 (Released:2023-09-09)

参考文献数

42

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The plant species Gelsemium elegans Benth. (GEB) promotes pig and sheep growth; however, little is known about its effects in chickens. In this study, a GEB extract (GEBE) was prepared, and its effects on the growth, slaughter, antioxidant performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, and microflora of yellow-feathered chickens were evaluated. In total, 600 chickens aged 15 days were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates each and fed a basal diet containing 0% (control), 0.25% (0.25 GEBE), 0.75% (0.75 GEBE), or 1.25% (1.25 GEBE) GEBE until 49 days of age. Chickens were then killed, and their meat, organs, and serum and cecal contents were collected. GEBE reduced the feed conversion ratio, particularly in the 0.75 and 1.25 GEBE groups. Furthermore, the GEBE diet improved meat tenderness and reduced the meat expressible moisture content and liver malondialdehyde content, indicating high meat quality. Whereas the 0.25 GEBE diet increased the level of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the cecum, the 0.75 GEBE diet decreased the Escherichia coli level therein. These findings demonstrate that GEBE may improve the meat quality and cecal microbiota of yellow-feathered chickens, providing a basis for identifying candidate alternatives to conventional antibiotics as growth promoting feed additives.

著者

Kazuki Nakashima Aiko Ishida

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023022, 2023 (Released:2023-08-11)

参考文献数

37

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Abstracts: Skeletal muscles have a high demand for ATP, which is met largely through mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation. Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass under catabolic conditions. This study investigated the effect of uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation on autophagy in chicken skeletal muscle. Chick myotubes were incubated with the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) at 25 μM for 3h. CCCP prevented the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (Thr389), S6 ribosomal protein (Ser240/244), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (Thr37/46), which are the measures of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. CCCP significantly increased cytoplasmic and mitochondrial LC3-II content, which act as indices of index for autophagosome formation and mitophagy, respectively, but did not influence the expression of autophagy-related genes LC3B, GABARAPL1, and ATG12. Finally, surface sensing of translation method revealed that protein synthesis, a highly energy consuming process, was significantly decreased upon CCCP treatment. These results indicate that the uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation stimulates autophagy and inhibits protein synthesis through mTORC1 signaling in chick myotube cultures.

著者

Motoi Kikusato Masaaki Toyomizu

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023021, 2023 (Released:2023-08-09)

参考文献数

168

被引用文献数

1

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Poultry meat and egg production benefits from a smaller carbon footprint, as well as feed and water consumption, per unit of product, than other protein sources. Therefore, maintaining a sustainable production of poultry meat is important to meet the increasing global demand for this staple. Heat stress experienced during the summer season or in tropical/subtropical areas negatively affects the productivity and health of chickens. Crucially, its impact is predicted to grow with the acceleration of global warming. Heat stress affects the physiology, metabolism, and immune response of chickens, causing electrolyte imbalance, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, and immunosuppression. These changes do not occur independently, pointing to a systemic mechanism. Recently, intestinal homeostasis has been identified as an important contributor to nutrient absorption and the progression of systemic inflammation. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve neuroendocrine signaling, antioxidant response, the presence of oxidants in the diet, and microbiota composition. The present review focuses on the effect of heat stress on intestinal dysfunction in chickens and the underlying causative factors. Understanding these mechanisms will direct the design of strategies to mitigate the negative effect of heat stress, while benefiting both animal health and sustainable poultry production.