著者

難波 恒雄 久保 道徳 谿 忠人 御影 雅幸

出版者

日本生薬学会 = The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 = The Japanese journal of pharmacognosy (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.111-121, 1970-12-20

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The foliar crude drug so called "Urajirogashi" has been used in Tokushima Pref. as the folk remedy for nephrolithiasis, cholelithiasis and urethral calculi. The effect to dissolve each calculus has been proved pharmacologically and clinically, and the crude drug and their preparations are generally on the present market. The original plant of "Urajirogashi" was considered to be Quercus salicina BLUME. The results of the anatomical studies, however, confirmed that the original plants are Q. myrsinaefolia BLUME and the mixture of both species of Q. salicina and Q. myrsinaefolia besides Q. salicina BLUME. The points to discriminate each species are as follows: A) Q. salicina: Upper epidermis is 1.5〜3 times as thick as lower epidermis, and no idioblast in the part of mesophyll. Palisade ratio is 2.3〜3.7〜5.8. B) Q. myrsinaefolia: Upper epidermis is 3〜5 times as thick as lower epidermis, and idioblast are observed in the part of mesophyll. Palisade ratio is 3.5〜6.7〜10. 5. Further, the key for identification on the anatomical characteres of the leaves from Q. salicina, Q. myrsinaefolia, Q. glauca, Q. acuta, Q. hondae, Q. sessilifolia, Q. gilva, Q. phillyraeoides, Q. mongolia var. grosseserrata, Q. serrata, Q. aliena, Q. dentata, Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima was indicated as Table 4.「序言」ブナ科FagaceaeのウラジロガシQuercus salicina BLUME(=Q. stenophylla MAKINO)は, 本州, 四国, 九州の暖地に自生する常緑高木で, 徳島県地方で「しらかし」および「うらじろがし」と称され, 民間的にその葉や小枝を, 1日30~50g煎剤およびエキス剤として, 胆石症, 腎石症, 尿路結石症など内臓諸結石症の治療薬とされ, 最近では肝臓, 胃腸病, 便秘などにも応用されている日本特有の民間薬である3)4). 近年ウラジロガシの結石溶解作用は薬理学的には, 小国3a), 幸田5)により, 臨床的には近藤ら6), 橋本7)および稲田ら8)により検討され, その有効性が実証された. その後市場に「うらじろがし」, 「裏白柏」と称して出回り, エキス製剤も市販されるようになった. 今回徳島県下で民間的に使用されている「うらじろがし(しらかし)」, および徳島, 香川, 和歌山, 群馬県産の徳島, 大阪, 東京市場品「うらじろがし」の中に同一基源からなるものとは思われない商品が発見されたので, それらの基源を確定する目的でQuercus属植物14種9)の葉との比較組織学的研究を行った.

著者

難波 恒雄 久保 道徳 御影 雅幸

出版者

日本生薬学会 = The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.p171-182, 1976-12

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"Xia-ku-cao (夏枯草)" is one of the Chinese crude drugs used mainly as a diuretic. While in Japan, the same drug called "Ka-go-so" has been used as a folk remedy for gonorrhea, bruises and etc. Regarding the origin of "Xia-ka-cao," it was reported by Su et al. (1958) that those from continental China was originated in the fruited spica of Prunella vulgaris L. of Labiatae. It was, however, stipulated for the spica of Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica HARA in J. P. IX (1976). According to our survey of respective markets in Taiwan, Japan and Korea, most of the materials collected in the markets were seemed to be originated in Prunella plants, while some from Korea, were seemed to be Thesium plant of Santalaceae as reported by Ishidoya (1934). Furthermore from many descriptions and figures in various herbals (Ben-cdo-shil "Xia-ka-cao" is regarded to be originated in Prunella plants as shown Plate 1. To clarify the respective origin of five kinds of "Xia-ku-cad' from continental China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea, pharmacognostical studies were made in comparing them with Prunella vulgaris L. distributed mainly in Europe, P. vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica HARA in East Asia, P. prunelliformis MAKINO in Japan and Thesium chinense TURCZ. in Asia. By the present studies, it was clarified that all of "Xia-ka-cao" originated in Prunella plants were P. vulgaris subsp. asiatica, and the materials from continental China were consisted of spica only, while those from other countries were whole plants body of that plant, and some from Korea originated in Thesium chinense.