著者

谷本 千恵 長谷川 雅美

出版者

金沢大学つるま保健学会 = the Tsuruma Health Science Society, Kanazawa University

雑誌

金沢大学つるま保健学会誌 (ISSN:13468502)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.1-10, 2009

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本研究の目的は、我が国の精神障がい者のセルフヘルプ・グループの活動の実態と活動上の課題ならびに活動が発展するための条件を明らかにすることである。全国の精神障害者のセルフヘルプグループ579団体のリーダーに自己記入式質問紙を郵送し活動状況について尋ねた。有効回答である112グループのリーダーの半数が自分たちのグループは発展していないと考えていた。また活動が発展しているセルフヘルプ・グループのリーダー8名に対し半構造的インタビューを実施し、質的記述的に分析した。分析の結果、セルフヘルプ・グループが発展するための条件は、【リーダーシップ能力】、【メンバーの参加意欲】、【(グループ)運営技術】、【(専門職の)必要に応じた継続的支援】、【社会資源】の5つのカテゴリーに分類された。 精神障がい者は疾患の特徴や若年での発症、長期入院による社会経験の不足などから対人関係の持ちにくさや社会生活技能の不足などの課題を抱えており、リーダーシップ能力や積極的な参加、仲間意識、協調性などが阻害されている可能性がある。したがって、当事者のみでセルフヘルプ・グループを効果的に運営することは大変困難であり、専門職の支援が不可欠である。専門職は必要に応じた継続的な支援を行い、当事者の主体性を尊重し、人として対等の関係性の中で当事者が徐々に自信をつけ、自律していけるように見守ることが必要である。 Purpose : The aim of this paper is to identify characteristics of the current activities that self-help groups for individuals with mental illness are involved in. We also attempt to identify requirements for the successful management of self-helpgroups for individuals with mental illness. Method : Stage one of this study assessed the actual condition of self-help groups for individuals with mental illness in Japan. An anonymous questionnaire was mailed to 579 leaders of self-help groups for individuals with mental illness, and validresponses were obtained from 112 individuals. The period of investigation was from August 2006 to February 2007. We defined the groups led by individuals withmental illness as self-help groups ; other group types were defined collectively as support groups. In Stage two of the study a qualitative descriptive design wasused. Participants were 8 leaders of 5 self-help groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted after consent was obtained. The data collection period was fromJuly to September 2007. Result and Discussion : Stage 1 : A total of 62.5% of the groups studied were self-help groups. Approximately 60% of self-help groups were associated with health care professionals. The main purpose of the groups was friendship and their main activities were recreation and outings. A few of the groups engaged in social action for advocacy. More than half of self-help group leaders reported thinking that their groups were not successful because of a shortage of new members. Group leaders thought that the requirements for successful self-help groups included such elements as professional and administrative support, positive attitudes and mutual support among members, adequate funding, space for meetings, support for the leader, and effective group management. Stage 2 : Five categories emerged from data analysis : long-term support for needs, leadership ability, positive attendance, group management skill, social support. Characteristic problems of individuals with mental illness include poor interpersonal relationships, difficulties in coping with routine living, lack of consciousness of their disease, and poor adaptability to environmental change. Such characteristics can inhibit leaders from exhibiting leadership behaviors or prevent individuals from participating in group activities through active collaboration with others. It seems that creating successful self-help groups is difficult for members because of the characteristics of disease and disability. Therefore, professional support is indispensable. Conclusion : The present research suggests that continuing equal relationships as individuals and long term support for needs are very important when professionals support a self-help group. In addition, opportunities to promote autonomy in deference to the independence of the individuals concerned and knowledge as well as indirect technical support were important.

著者

津田 朗子 木村 留美子

出版者

金沢大学つるま保健学会 = the Tsuruma Health Science Society, Kanazawa University

雑誌

金沢大学つるま保健学会誌 (ISSN:13468502)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.13-24, 2010

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In order to clarify the long-term influence of lifestyle factors, body temperatureand lifestyle conditions were studied over 8 months from May 2007 to December2007 on all days, excluding Saturdays and Sundays and national holidays, for 64children in nursery school from the ages of 1-5. The mean time of the going tosleep was 21 : 34 and the mean time of waking up was 6 : 48. The time of wakingup was significantly later in the period from October to December than that in theperiod from May to September, however, no seasonal differences were observed inthe time of going to sleep. The body temperature rhythm was entrained inapproximately 50% of children, and four to five-year-old children have a higherproportion of entrained body temperature rhythms than one to three-year-oldchildren. The factors related to body temperature rhythms were the "change intime of going to sleep", "regularity of lifestyle", and "time of going to sleep inDecember". The strongest relationship was found in "change in time of going tosleep". 1~5歳の保育園児64名を対象に、土日、祝日を除く2007年5月から12月までの8ヶ月間、体温と生活状況を調査し、幼児の体温リズムと長期的な生活要因の関連を明らかにした。幼児の平均就寝時刻は21時34分、平均起床時刻は6時48分であった。起床時刻は5~9月に比べ10~12月では有意に遅くなっていたが、就寝時刻には時期による差は見られなかった。体温リズムが同調していた子どもは約5割で、1~3歳に比べ4~5歳では同調群の割合が高くなっていた。体温リズムと関連が認められたのは「就寝時刻の推移」、「生活の規則性」、「12月の就寝時刻」で、最も強い関連があったのは「就寝時刻の推移」であった。

著者

塚崎 恵子 京田 薫 柴田 克之 城戸 照彦 市森 明恵 榊原 千秋 長沼 理恵 表 志津子

出版者

金沢大学つるま保健学会 = the Tsuruma Health Science Society, Kanazawa University

雑誌

金沢大学つるま保健学会誌 = Journal of the Tsuruma Health Science Society Kanazawa University (ISSN:13468502)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.61-65, 2011-07-31 (Released:2017-10-04)

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[短報:Short Communications]