著者

Yoji Okabe Sachihiro Matsunaga

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.2, pp.69-72, 2022-06-25 (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

---

Photosymbiosis occurs in symbiotic relationships between heterotrophs and photosymbiotic organisms, where a photosynthetic symbiont provides photosynthate to a host. While almost all known host animals are invertebrates, experiments have determined that artificial symbiotic relationships can be established between vertebrates and phototrophs. The ability to generate photosymbiotic relationships in vertebrates has important applications for medical treatments and commercial resource production.

著者

Tomonari Hirano Yusuke Kazama Hisato Kunitake Tomoko Abe

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.1, pp.3-6, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

4

---

Heavy-ion beams have been used as an effective mutagen in plants. Various studies have extended our understanding of the mutagenic effects of heavy-ion beam irradiation on the plant genome. Heavy-ion beams can be characterized by the linear energy transfer (LET) value, and the LET-dependent mutagenic effects are observed in plant survival, mutation frequency, and mutation spectrum. When we integrate the results of the mutagenic effects obtained from experiments using different detection methods, we must consider a bias, depending on the experimental system. For example, the plant materials, developmental processes, and heredity of induced mutations must be considered. In this review, we organized the mutagenic effects from the perspective of irradiated plant materials and the heredity of the induced mutations.

著者

Tomonari Hirano Yuka Matsuyama Anna Hanada Yoriko Hayashi Tomoko Abe Hisato Kunitake

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.4, pp.311-315, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-24)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

---

Heavy-ion beams have been applied as effective mutagens to various plant materials. Pollen has been used as material for mutant induction and genetic analysis. However, our knowledge of the DNA damage response of plant male gametes remains limited. In the present study, we irradiated Cyrtanthus mackenii pollen with an argon ion beam, which induced complex DNA damage, and investigated the DNA damage response of male gametes during pollen tube growth. Male gametes derived from the irradiated pollen grains were isolated from pollen tubes after 12 and 24 h of culture and subjected to cell cycle analysis. After 12 h of culture, the irradiated generative cells were frequently arrested at metaphase during pollen mitosis II (PMII), and the proportion of metaphase cells increased with increasing absorbed dose. These results suggest that the genomic lesions induced by the argon ion beam caused spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)-dependent arrest. After 24 h of culture, the irradiated male gametes completed PMII, albeit forming sperm cells with abnormalities in chromosome separation, and chromosomal bridges were often formed between these cells. Moreover, phosphorylated H2AX foci, an indicator of DNA double-strand breaks, were detected in the irradiated male gametes after 24 h of culture, regardless of passing through the SAC. Taken together, these results indicate that male gametes activate functions to cope with radiation-induced complex DNA damage during pollen tube growth.

著者

Yoichi Sato Tomonari Hirano Yoriko Hayashi Nobuhisa Fukunishi Tomoko Abe Shigeyuki Kawano

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.4, pp.291-295, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-24)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3

---

In Undaria pinnatifida, an effective method for mutant screening in sporophytes has not been established. The present study developed a novel mutant screening method for Undaria sporophyte by combining gametophyte mutagenesis with heavy-ion beam and land-based tank culture system. When we irradiated gametophytes and sporophytes with carbon- and argon-ion beams, survival rates of the female gametophytes and the sporophytes decreased with increasing dose. However, those of the male gametophyte did not decrease after both of the irradiations. Mutant screening during the sporophyte development was performed by using a land-based tank culture system. High-growth plants were selected in the first mutant (M1) population derived from the irradiated materials. We successfully obtained mutant candidates with higher growth than the wild type in the M2 generation obtained from brother-sister inbreeding of selected M1 plants. Four high-growth mutant candidate lines were selected from M2 populations of 48 lines. The mutant candidates were derived from 3 lines of the gametophyte irradiation and 1 line of the sporophyte irradiation, suggesting that the materials for the irradiation are applicable for mutant induction. The mutant screening method and the selected mutant candidates would advance the breeding and molecular biology in U. pinnatifida.

著者

Kiyotaka Hori

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.9-14, 2020-03-25 (Released:2020-03-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Athyrium christensenianum has been considered a fern hybrid of diploid sexual A. crenulatoserrulatum and tetraploid sexual A. decurrentialatum. Based on plastid (rbcL) and nuclear (AK1) DNA phylogeny, this study solved relationships between A. crenulatoserrulatum (allele A), A. decurrentialatum (B) and A. opacum (C). Relationships of the complex suggested A. christensenianum had at least five allele constitution: α, AABB (tetraploid sexual); β, AAB (triploid sterile); γ, ABB (triploid sterile); δ, ABBB (tetraploid sterile); ε, ABC (triploid sterile). In addition, this study expected the existence of undetected tetraploid sexual species which is originated from hybrid between ancestral diploid sexual A. decurrentialatum and diploid sexual A. opacum.

著者

Yoshiko Kono Ching-I Peng Kazuo Oginuma Rosario R. Rubite Yu-Hsin Tseng Hsun-An Yang Kuo-Fang Chung

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.133-141, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

7

---

Begonia sect. Baryandra is distributed mainly in the Philippines with a few species in Borneo and New Guinea. Previous chromosome information of sect. Baryandra has restricted to ca. 16 species and their karyotypes have never been investigated. Here we report the cytological investigations of 26 species of sect. Baryandra, including five karyotype analyses that are the first report in sect. Baryandra, 24 species were reported cytologically for the first time, and two species were re-examined. Incorporating previous and present studies, chromosome numbers of 40 of the 78 species in sect. Baryandra are now available. Except for some intraspecific variant counts of 2n=26 and 44, and a tetraploid number of 2n=56, 39 species have the chromosome number of either 2n=28 or 30. The karyotypic formula of the three investigated species is uniform as 2n=28=10m+18sm(st), and two as 2n=30=8m+22sm(st). Based on molecular phylogenetic relationships, ancestral state reconstruction suggests that 2n=30 is the most likely ancestral chromosome number of sect. Baryandra, with 2n=28 a derived number. Based on our and previous studies, the chromosome evolution in Begonia sect. Baryandra is discussed.

著者

Fumiya Sato Koh Iba Takumi Higaki

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.119-126, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

---

The Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal complex contains a pair of guard cells surrounded by subsidiary cells, which assist in turgor-driven stomatal movement and receive water and ions. This transport, driven by environmental signals, involves a translocation factor of the plasma membrane proton pump H+-ATPase AHA1, PATROL1. In this study, we investigated the responses of PATROL1 to salinity and hyperosmotic stresses. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of 125 mM NaCl or 231 mM mannitol on the cotyledon pavement cell cortexes in transgenic A. thaliana seedlings expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged PATROL1. Cells treated with NaCl had few GFP-PATROL1-labeled dot-like structures but contained unusual labeled large bodies and rod-like structures. Cells treated with mannitol had similar large bodies, but not rods, indicating that the rod-like structures form specifically under salinity stress conditions. Dual observations of GFP-PATROL1 and red fluorescent protein (RFP)-tagged AHA1 in stress-treated cells revealed that the latter did not accumulate in the stress-induced GFP-PATROL1 structures, suggesting that the stress-induced GFP-PATROL1 structures are not involved in RFP-AHA1 localization. Additionally, the primary root growth of the patrol1 mutant was more sensitive to NaCl treatment than was that of wild type. Thus, PATROL1 appears to contribute to salinity stress tolerance, possibly by regulating membrane trafficking.

著者

Basavaiah S. B. Dandia Anil Dhar K. Sengupta

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.505-509, 1990-09-25 (Released:2009-03-19)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 17

---

Male meiosis in natural decosaploid (22x) Morus nigra L. has been found regular with good pollen fertility. This is the clear indication of cytological stability attained by the polyploid to maintain its level. Young pollen mother cells showed 1-4 nucleoli. The frequency of bivalents was more than that of multivalents and univalents occur rarely which clearly indicates the auto-allopolyploid nature of the taxon. The normal meiotic behaviour of this high polyploid is discussed in relation to its evolution.

著者

Maki Yamamoto Shinji Handa Masanobu Kawachi Shinichi Miyamura Tamotsu Nagumo Aiko Hirata Shigeyuki Kawano

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.35-39, 2016-03-25 (Released:2016-04-11)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

4 6

---

Stichococcus Nägeli is a unicellular green algal species that belongs to the Trebouxiophyceae. Stichococcus bacillaris Nägeli NIES-3639 propagates by binary fission, but can form a filament without separating into two daughter cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that cytokinesis starts according to invagination of the plasma membrane at the plane of division. Synthesis of the daughter cell wall occurs on the surface of invaginating plasma membrane during the protoplast division phase. The mother cell wall may cleave after protoplast division in either the single-cell or filament state. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed scars of cleaved mother cell walls from the single-cell state, two-cell state after cell division, and four-cell state during filament formation. Because the mother cell wall was cleaved, the delay of the daughter cell separation may have caused filament formation. Since this cell division cycle repeats rapidly, it may begin before the separation of the daughter cells yielded by the former cell cycle.

著者

R. J. Low K. Benirschke

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.1-11, 1972-03-25 (Released:2009-03-19)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

12 12

---

Studies of the chromosomes of a domesticated and five wild red foxes, Vulpes fulva, have produced chromosome counts of 35, 36, 37 and 38. Karyotypic analyses revealed that variations in the number of microchromosomes produced this polymorphism; moreover, it is suggested that these microchromosomes may arise from fragmentation of the macrochromosomes. Because it has not been possible to establish a consistent chromosome count for this species, it is further suggested that 2n=34 be used to describe the basic diploid count and that the number of microchromosomes present be added to this figure. Thus, a total chromosome count of 36 would, by the suggested system, be recorded as 2n=34+2m.

著者

Shuhei Ota Kenshiro Oshima Tomokazu Yamazaki Tsuyoshi Takeshita Kateřina Bišová Vilém Zachleder Masahira Hattori Shigeyuki Kawano

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.4, pp.323-330, 2019-12-25 (Released:2019-12-20)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

5

---

The genus Chlorella is a well-known member of the green algal class Trebouxiophyceae, which is characterized by an immotile and asexual life cycle. Here, we performed an analysis of the whole genome and transcriptome of Parachlorella kessleri NIES-2152 with emphasis on the evolution of meiosis and the flagellar proteins. The Parachlorella transcriptomic data showed that the MID-related RWP-RK genes and meiosis-specific and flagellar proteins were expressed; at the transcriptional level, the DNA repair protein RAD50 was upregulated in the stationary phase, with four-fold more reads per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (RPKM) compared with the early stage of culture. In contrast, radial spoke protein genes were down-regulated in the stationary phase. These results suggest that genes for meiotic and flagellar proteins are culture stage-dependent and retain their functions. We presume that the algae lost some of the genes for meiosis and the flagella during asexual evolution, but other genes still possess biological functions other than those related to the flagellum and meiosis.

著者

Yusif M. Agayev

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.245-252, 2002 (Released:2003-02-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

7 15

---

Karyotype analyses of saffron, Crocus sativus L., was made using improved routine and C-banding techniques on metaphase plates in root tip cells of 2 accessions from Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran. In the routine technique fixative of Lewitsky and aceto-iron-hematoxylin stain were used. It was established that metaphase chromosomes can be arranged according to their size and morphological features in 8 triplets ranging in size from 11.58±0.13 μm (triplet 1) to 4.57±0.05 μm (triplet 8). Triplets 1 and 2 include subacrocentric, triplets 3, 4 and 8 metacentric and triplets 6 and 7 submetacentric chromosomes. Three chromosomes in each triplet, as a rule, are similar although in some triplets one of them is infrequently distinguishable from the 2 others. Triplet 5 shows an extreme difference so that it always contains 2 kinds of chromosomes: chromosome 5(1) and chromosomes 5(2, 3). Chromosome 5(1) is metacentric (r=1.40) and 6.04±0.13 μm in length, but chromosomes 5(2, 3) are subacrocentric (r=3.49) and noticeably smaller (5.41±0.09 μm). Application of the C-banding technique revealed heterochromatin segments: the sharpest, sharp and week. The sharpest heterochromatin was on telomere of the short arm of chromosome type (triplet) 3 and on proximal part of the long arm of chromosome type 1; a sharp heterochromatin on telomere of the short arms of chromosome types 1, 4 and on the satellites, and a weak heterochromatin on a centromeric region all of 24 chromosomes. Chromosome type 5(1) had a heterochromatin that was a little stronger on the centromeric and, considerably weaker on telomeric regions comparing to those of chromosome type 4. Accessions of saffron from Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran were not significantly distinguishable in karyotype structure. The species C. sativus in its places of cultivation is obviously a clone of one triploid plant originated spontaneously in the nature through crossing between 2 closely related species with participation of n and 2n gametes. Results from statistic analysis and appropriate photographic evidences are provided.

著者

A. N. Bhatnagar T. F. El-Azawi

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.53-59, 1978-01-25 (Released:2009-03-19)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 4

---

Karyotypes are described in Hemiechinus auritus and Paraechinus aethiopicus which have 48 chromosomes in 2n. The male complement of H. auritus consists of 43 macro- and 5 micro-chromosomes while that of the female comprises 44 macro- and 4-micro-chromosomes. The X chromosome is the smallest metacentric macro-chromosome, while the Y is a small subtelocentric micro-chromosome. These associate end-to-end at meiosis I.The male karyotype of P. aethiopicus consists of 44 macro- and 4 micro-chromosomes. The autosomes are metacentrics or submetacentrics in morphology. The sex-complex is characterized by the medium-sized X chromosome and the mediumsized submetacentric Y.

著者

Jahangir A. Dar Aijaz A. Wani Manoj K. Dhar

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.87-91, 2018-03-25 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

4

---

This article was retracted.

著者

Ma Yan Crane Charles F. Byrne David H.

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.457-463, 1996

被引用文献数

2

---

Meiotic chromosome configuration frequencies at diakinesis and metaphase I were tabulated in diploid and induced tetraploid <I>Rosa laevigata</I> Michx., diploid <I>R. roxburghii</I> Tratt., and tetraploid amphidiploids of <I>R. laevigata</I> with <I>R. roxburghii</I> and <I>R. banksiae</I> Ait. Numerical analysis of configuration frequencies suggests up to two-fold length variation between short and long chromosome arms in the diploids, and incomplete independence of chromosome arms during pairing and chiasma formation in the tetraploids. Since the sampled genomes pair homeologously in intersubgeneric amphidiploids, they are relatively closely related. The meiotic data collectively suggest that <I>R. roxburghii</I> should be classified in subgenus <I>Rosa</I>.

著者

Satoru Fujimoto Sachihiro Matsunaga

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.5, pp.559-562, 2017-12-25 (Released:2018-01-24)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

15

---

Labeling of specific DNA sequences in living organisms is important for understanding the mechanism of gene regulation during development, differentiation, and environmental adaptation. Here we describe a CRISPR/Cas9-based chromatin visualization system in plants. We adapted the mammalian nuclease-dead Cas9-fluorescent protein (dCas9-FP) system to a plant expression vector. Transient expression of dCas9-FP and single guide RNA (sgRNA) for telomeric sequences efficiently labeled telomere repeats in tobacco.