著者

高橋 信勝

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.40, pp.56-68, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

33

---

This paper explains how J. -B. Say's recognition of political economy involves not only economic phenomena in the strict sense, but also the institutional factors which constitute market society, i. e., property and rational agents. According to Say, political economy was due to discover “nature des choses” by adapting the experimental method, and this perspective differs from Ricardo's counterpart, which contains abstruse deduction. Revealing the main contents of “nature des choses” about the socioeconomic sphere enables us to reinterpret the political economy in Say's design. The factors he considered are as follows: (1) the decisive importance of property and thus ownership, because the existence of a certain society depends on them; (2) “principe de l'utilité” as a criterion utilized by rational agents; (3) several laws regarding exchange that ultimately represent the production, distribution and consumption of social wealth, (4) “théorie des débouchés” which is useful to scale to what extent the above-mentioned factors are soundly united. Therefore, Say's recognition of political economy is more wide-ranged than commonly supposed. As long as political economy is grasped in his thinking on the basis of “nature des choses” about the socioeconomic sphere, Say could not help but be induced to analyze the conditions and automotive characteristics inherent in a market society. Proposing that political economy should be called social economy, Say expressed his profound intentions.

著者

難波 安彦

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.40, pp.69-80, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

18

---

It is a commonly accepted theory that Harrod's dynamics is not based on microeconomic theory. Namba (2000) objected to the theory and showed a new interpretation suggesting that Harrod's dynamics has a microeconomic foundation.The purpose of this article is to clarify that the required capital coefficient is related to behaviors of dynamic optimization of firms.There are two points presents in this article. First, the concept of required capital coefficient after Harrod (1939) has relation to the capital capital coefficient in the Trade Cycle, and the capital coefficient is connected to behaviors of dynamic optimization of firms. Second, the concept of required capital coefficient after Harrod (1939) is closely related to behaviors of dynamic optimization of firms, and is therefore related to the interest rate.

著者

八田 幸二

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.40, pp.81-92, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

37

---

In his Confessions of an Economic Heretic (1938), J. A. Hobson emphasized the positive meaning of equality in the stream of New Liberalism, which differed greatly from traditional liberalism. This paper explores the egalitarian character of Hobson's New Liberalism, with a focus on his theory of under-consumption.In economic writings such as The Industrial System (1909) and Science of Wealth (1911), Hobson analyzed the diverse effect of the surplus into productive surplus and unproductive surplus. Different from the traditional views which esteem productive consumption because it brings the prosperity of national wealth, he showed that the over application of the surplus into production falls into the shortage of the vent. In order to resolve this problem, Hobson proposed the egalitarian idea that the surplus should be adequately distributed to the laboring classes.This famous under-consumption theory bears a close connection with his moral and social evaluation of the way of living. As The Crisis of Liberalism (1909) as well as the early writing of John Rushin: Social Reformer (1898) shows, Hobson presented the idea that wealth and value should be elevated to sustain the welfare and vitality of human beings. His core idea here is to induce ‘self-development of human character’. According to him, sustaining the human ‘need’ is crucial for this purpose of human development. The combination of need and vitality should be provided by the adequate distribution of the surplus to laborers, instead of the unjust holding of the surplus by the upper ranks. Although he proposed a kind of switching of distribution from the upper class to the laborers, Hobson's ideas differed from ordinary socialist ideas, because his main concern was in a sort of Ruskinian humanism.In recent monographs on the British new-liberalism, there is conflict about how to evaluate the connection between Hobson and Keynes. However, it is indispensable here to analyze their argument under the combination of the moral, the social argument, and of economic reasoning.

著者

下平 裕之

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.195-196, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

Motohiro OKADA

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.196-197, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

佐藤 方宣

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.197-199, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

池尾 愛子

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.199-200, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

小林 純

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.40, pp.1-12, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

---

The recent state of Weber studies is marked especially by criticism against modern rationality, emerging in the mid-1960s, and by the project of the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe in the 1970s. The image of Weber has been transformed from that of an advocate of rational values into the tragic embodiment of modern culture. We may divide these studies into two kinds, i. e. a) the search for his true intention, and b) the utilization of his ideas. In a), outstanding progress has been made in identifying the traces of Nietzsche in Weber's thought. YAMANOUCHI brought out the scheme ‘chivalry vs. priest’ in Weber's vision of religious development, and in this respect thinks highly of ‘Agrarverhältnisse in Altertum’. The background and intention of Weber's works have also been more adequately explored, epistemologically by MUKAI, and disciplinarily by NAU. In b) NAKANO's analysis of the legal rationalization of Weber's ideas, one can detect the problematic in the Weberian strategy of behaviorism, and can identify the positive and negative of autopoiesis, the systematic strategy of Luhmann. From those ideas, Nakano concluded that society as a whole puts a meta-level of the normative above the legal dimension. SWEDBERG vigorly inspects potential issues in Weber's text of economic sociology that are theoretically applicable for empirical research. The search for true intention produces a continuous awareness of one's own value, as ORIHARA already showed. The current utilization seems to center around the field of economic sociology.

著者

江里口 拓

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.40, pp.13-23, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

31

---

The perspective offered by Pat Thane in the “Mixed Economy of Welfare” will necessarily introduce a new point of view into the history of social policy thought in Britain. The purpose of this paper is to try to clarify the interrelationship between some of the thoughts concerning social policy in the early 20th century from this point of view, especially around issues of poverty and unemployment as addressed in the “Report of the Poor Law Committee” (1909) and the “Liberal Reform” (1908-11).It has been understood that the Bosanquets and the Webbs confronted each other in the “Poor Law Committee” because the former based their thinking on an individualistic view of poverty, while the latter were Socialists. However the two parties' views coincided on both the issue of interference with paupers, and on the extension of “Collectivism” (trade unions, co-operation, friendly societies) to ordinary men, believing that this was necessary. Their differences lay in the way they wanted to approach this interference, the Bosanquets through charity and social work, the Webbs through state interference to the men below the national minimum standard.However, the New Liberalists (J. A. Hobson, L. T. Hobhouse) and W. H. Beveridge were opposed to interfering with individual men in general, and insisted on social insurance. The New Liberalists depended on the “optimism of human progress”, while Beveridge relied on the “market mechanism” and on “rational economic man”. But both sought new relationships between the state and collectivism.Views on the division of function between the state and collectivism were shared by all of the parties discussed in this paper. This may be the common feature of British social policy thinking in the early 20th century.

著者

Masazumi WAKATABE

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.40, pp.24-34, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

71

著者

田中 正司

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.189-190, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

武者小路 信和

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.190-191, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

姫野 順一

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.191-192, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

岡部 洋實

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.192-193, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

塚本 恭章

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.193-195, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

若森 みどり

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.146-158, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

26

---

As did his many contemporary thinkers Karl Polanyi (1886-1964), in the last chapter of his The Great Transformation under the title of “Freedom in a Complex Society, ” dealt with the problem of freedom. In the keen distinction from the ordinal interpretation that the tendency “from laissez-faire to state intervention” or “from individualism to collectivism” directly led to Fascism, Polanyi described the institutional or historical origins of that crisis in the light of his “double movement” interpretation of the nineteenth century industrial society.According to him, the problem of freedom in his time arose on two levels: the institutional and the moral or religious. How is the “free society” reorganized? On the institutional level, Polanyi suggested that the improvement of industrial conditions and employment through the support of planning and control were important. On the moral and religious level, a new view of freedom was needed. It was in this regard that Polanyi respected Robert Owen, because Owen not only rejected the identification of freedom with the mere liberation of profit motives or with “individualization”, but favored the reconstruction of humanity and freedom in the form of “society as a whole”.

著者

橋本 昭一

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.66-73, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

42

---

Marshall's theoretical and educational efforts and success in the field of economics was already highly appreciated even in his day. Nevertheless, it is a curious fact that almost all of his students and disciples at Cambridge or at other institutions have gradually hesitated to follow the lines he indicated. This is one of the reasons why he was called a ‘soaring eagle’ or ‘enigma’. In order to not only reassess Marshall's economic thought, but also to elucidate his attitude foward contemporary economists and their methodology, much important material has been published in the last decade, namely by Whitaker (1990), Raffaelli (1990), Groenewegen (1995), Raffaelli (1995), Whitaker (1996), Groenewegen (1997), Groenewegen (1998). These works consist of a new bulky biography, collected works of 8 volumes, more than a thousand items of correspondence, a collection of ‘unknown voices’ in response to Marshall's economics, critical essays, and Marshall's unpublished lectures. Also very beneficial for Marshall scholarship are materials such as The collected Works of Sidgwick (1996) and Fawcett (1995). In the beginning of the new century, we can start to analyze such questions as ‘Is Marshall a communitarian or a libertarian in his circle?’ In this case, we should like to include Sidgwick and Fawcett in the Cambridge Circle.

著者

平井 俊顕

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.74-80, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

53

---

The purpose of this paper is to survey recent studies of Keynes's theory which deal with A Treatise on Money and The General Theory. In Section 1, studies of A Treatise on Money are discussed in view of (i) the determination of price and output, (ii) monetary theory, and (iii) its relation to Wicksellian theories. In Section 2, studies of Keynes's theoretical development between the two books are examined. In Section 3, studies of The General Theory, mainly by post-Keynesians and neo-Ricardians, and partially by Income-Expenditure Keynesians are discussed. And in Section 4, studies of the relation between the two books are examined in terms of discontinuity and continuity.

著者

井上 琢智

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.81-85, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

---

The reseach into the history of Modern Economics which is understood to be economics on the principle of diminishing marginal utility and non-Marxian economics in Japan, began in the the 1960s, but these studies were few in comparison to the those concerning Classical Ecomomics. From 1970 onwards, conferences and the societies commemorated W. S. Jevons, C. Menger, L. Walras, A. Marshall, and J. A. Shumpeter, and their collected works were edited and published. Then in the 1980s and after, young Japanese scholars were encouraged to study and publish articles and books in English, German, and French, some of which are highly esteemed at home and abroad. By the 1990s the level of the study of Modern Economics in Japan was the same as that of research regarding Classical Economics.From the 1960s to the 1990s, the themes changed. In the 1960s some scholars became interested in the theories of Marshall and Keynes, and a few of them wrote articles on the theories and methodologies of Menger, Walras, V. Pareto, J. A. Schumpeter, etc. But after the 1970s, articles were written primarily on the theories and thought of Walras and Menger as well as Marshall, Keynes, Jevons. And further, we greatly widened our horizons and made an effort to treat the entire body of thought of each economist. Now we must study their epistemologies and scientific methods underlying their economics and thought. If we don't, we cannot understand the true meaning of the “general” in Keynes' The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.

著者

八木 紀一郎

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.86-93, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

36

---

Historical research into Austrian economics was encouraged by two conferences in 1971 (Bellagio and Vienna) and one in 1989 (Durham, NC). Grounded on a thorough archival investigation, study of Carl Menger and Böhm-Bawerk has made a remarkable progress. Although study of Wieser is rare, we now have a good understanding of founding fathers of the Austrian school in the intellectual traditions of the Germanspeaking world. However, the theoretical research in this area shows a lag. A new general view of Austrians is still to come. One of the problems involved in this field of study is whether, Austrian' school is a branch of neo-classicism or not. In the last part of the survey, the author poses the question about the vision that guides historical reseach regarding the Austrians. His tentative answer is that a historical researcher need not adopt the same view as those of the economists he studies. The author suggests that an ‘evolutionary’ view might offer a better framework for the research than the ‘Austrian’ view could offer.