著者
金井 雄一
出版者
政治経済学・経済史学会
雑誌
歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.1, pp.16-29, 2017-10-30 (Released:2019-10-30)
参考文献数
66

Expansionary monetary policies (policies for increasing the money supply) are often adopted when the economy is in a slump. However, a fundamental issue in monetary policy is whether a central bank can control the money supply by manipulating the monetary base. As is well known, this question has effectively divided the field of economics into two schools. The exogenous and endogenous money theories have offered conflicting views on money supply since the mid‒18th century, and even today’s application of econometric methods to the question has ended in fruitless debate. This perhaps means that we should look beyond econometric approaches to settle the dispute. This paper argues that an examination of banknotes from a historical perspective might bring about the resolution of the longstanding debate.From its foundation in 1694, the Bank of England issued pieces of paper (running cash notes) as receipts in exchange for deposits, and these pieces of paper gradually began to circulate. This is how the Bank of England’s notes came into being. Originally they acted simply as notes that the Bank of England promised to repay to the depositors or bearers; they were entered as debts in the book of outstanding banknotes, known as the “Clearer.” The Bank of England also issued its notes in other banking activities such as discount drafts and loans. The notes with their varying written amounts ultimately evolved into notes with printed denominations.As suggested above, banknotes came into existence only when a credit relationship was established, and they expired with the expiry of that credit relationship. Since a banknote went from the bank of issue into the real economy only when a credit transaction was conducted, the bank of issue could not control quantity of banknotes in circulation. As previous studies have shown, goldsmith bankers had by the end of the 17th century constructed a payment and settlement system that used transfers of deposit monies. Banknotes became a means for adding or withdrawing money from one’s balance.In summary, it was not banknotes that enabled the settlement of payments by allowing the transfer of deposits, but rather that the settlement of payments through the transfer of deposits gave rise to banknotes. Banknotes were a product of the credit system. In other words, a bank of issue can not increase or reduce deposits or banknotes arbitrarily. Should we therefore recognize that both deposits and banknotes are born endogenously?

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初期のイングランド銀行券については金井さんが詳しいのだけれども、国債との関連などについては触れていない。 https://t.co/t68WQu3VT5
@6CZz3eEsrnZOpBm それが銀行で実務に携わる人の錯覚だと明らかにしたのがイングランド"銀行"です 金融機関は、貸出と資産は元来無関係なのに「関係がある」と思い込んできた 地面が動くと感じられないから天動説を信じていた中世人のようにね 現実をつぶさに観察した結果が信用創造内生説です https://t.co/KcQyX9fuBr
@tyorozuya @rinard18 @monzenkozo100 @juliocruz_noVAT ①と②はいわば対立概念になりますね。 ①は預金先行説、②は貸付先行説ともよばれ学問的には①が正しいとする外生的貨幣供給論と②が正しいとする内生的貨幣供給論とが唱えられています。実際正しいのは②の内生説であり、そう指摘した論文もあります。(ちょっと難解です)https://t.co/evenzAl7n1
J-STAGE Articles - 銀行券が預金されたのか,預金が銀行券を生んだのか https://t.co/l0BrHHU3MW
「銀行券が預金されたのか,預金が銀行券を生んだのか -初期のイングランド銀行券が示す外生的貨幣供給論の非現実性-」 https://t.co/YmVbm2OjGN

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