著者
泉川 泰博
出版者
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2022, no.206, pp.206_51-206_66, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-31)
参考文献数
68

Since the publication of Kenneth Waltz’s Theory of International Politics in 1979, structural realism (neorealism) has occupied the dominant position in the realist paradigm. Criticizing classical realism for its “unscientific” focus on human nature, Waltz posits that the anarchic structure of international system severely constrains states, forcing them to take balancing behavior. While structural realism contributed to making realism more “scientific,” it has generated one drawback; it has turned realist scholars’ attention away from states’ attempts to manipulate external security environments.This article aims to present an alliance theory, dubbed dynamic theory of alliances, that may overcome the aforementioned drawback. This theory regards the degree of alignments as a product of not only the distribution of capabilities/threats but also a clash between a state’s attempt to divide adversaries (wedge strategy) and an allied state’s effort to maintain/enhance unity with its ally (binding strategy). In other words, an alliance is never in stasis but in a state of dynamic equilibrium, a phenomenon in which an equilibrium situation is achieved when two or more countervailing forces cancel one another. Based on these concepts, this article presents the logic of how states choose different wedge/binding strategies and how interactions between them may influence the formation and breakdown of alliances.To examine how the theory may explain alliance politics in the real world, the case of the U.S.-China-Soviet relations in the early Cold War period is analyzed. In the late 1940s, Washington aimed to woo Beijing away from the Soviet orbit while Moscow tried to tighten its alignments with Beijing. After the U.S. wedge strategy failed to prevent the formation of the Sino-Soviet alliance in 1950, Washington continued seeking to divide the alliance in the 1950s by using coercion. The case analysis shows that the hypotheses derived from the theory effectively explain the three-way interactions among Moscow, Beijing, and Washington.
著者
ディビッド ウルフ 秋田 茂 泉川 泰博 岩下 明裕 遠藤 乾 松本 はる香 横手 慎二 エルドリッジ ロバート ロバート エルドリッジ 金 成浩
出版者
北海道大学
雑誌
基盤研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
2009

本研究では、歴史家と政治学者の連携のもと、冷戦期の北東アジア、特に日本側の役割と視点にたった多くの資料を収集・統合した。この4年の研究期間で研究メンバーは、ワークショップ、カンファレンスや様々な国際イベントにおいて、新たな資料と結論に基づく80回もの発表(半数が英語発表)を行い、約70もの論文・図書を執筆・刊行した。