文献一覧: 三橋重信 (著者)

2 0 0 0 OA 誤嚥の臨床的分類とその意義

著者: 平野実進武幹吉田義一三橋重信吉田哲二大久保洋
出版者: The Japan Broncho-esophagological Society
雑誌: 日本気管食道科学会会報 (ISSN:00290645)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.31, no.4, pp.285-290, 1980-08-10 (Released:2010-02-22)
参考文献数: 16
被引用文献数: 8 3

Dynamic disorders of swallowing are caused by lesions of the neuro-muscular system that participates in swallowing. Aspiration resulting from such disorders can be classified into four types. This classification is helpful for selecting surgical treatments for aspiration as well as for difficulty in swallowing.Type I. In this type, aspiration occurs when the larynx is elevated and closed during swallowing. It results from incomplete laryngeal closure. Mediofixation of the paretic vocal fold, suture of the bilateral ventricular folds, and/or fixation of the larynx in a high position yields good laryngeal closure. Cricopharyngeal myotomy leads bolus easily into the esophagus.Type II. Aspiration takes place when the larynx descends and opens at the end of the second stage of swallowing. This type of aspiration results from a weak propelling force and/or a strong resistance at the entrance of the esophagus. The weak propelling force is attributed to an incompetent velopharyngeal closure, disturbances of tongue movement and/or a weak pharyngeal peristalsis. Pharyngeal flap operation, infrahyoid myotomy and/or reinforcement of the pharyngeal wall is the choice of treatment. In order to reduce the resistance at the entrance of the esophagus, cricopharyngeal myotomy and a fixation of the larynx in an antero-superior position are effective.Type III. Aspiration occurs in both phases of laryngeal rising and falling.Type IV. This type is observed in those patients who are unable to execute the movements of the second stage of swallowing. The inability of the second stage movements seems to be caused by one of the following two: a severe paralysis of the swallowing muscles and strong inhibitory stimuli to the swallowing center of the medulla oblongata. The latter is observed in those patients who would have a very severe aspiration if their swallowing center allowed them to execute swallowing. In this type, the bolus is transported from the mouth to the pharynx by the gravity and weak tongue movements. The larynx closes in reflex but does not present such rising and falling as are executed in normal second stage. When the larynx opens, the bolus staying in the pharynx enters the airway.

2023-08-13 21:02:14
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1 0 0 0 アガベ・テキラーナの葉繊維と繊維状絞りかすのパルプ化並びに製紙適性

著者: 栗田利雄三橋重信金綱久明井口正俊代田忠トリフイジョエレラ
出版者: 紙パルプ技術協会
雑誌: 紙パ技協誌 (ISSN:0022815X)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.36, no.2, pp.301-310, 1982

Agave Tequilana has been cultivated in Mexico for the manufacture of an alcoholic drinks well known as “Tequila”. For this purpose, the root stock of the plant is commercially used by cutting off leaves from the plant. In the course of “Tequila manufacture process”, a large quantity of fibrous residue is expelled out of the process as waste by pressing the cooked root stock. The leaves of the plant have not been utilized and left in the plantation as waste material. In this paper, both of the fibers obtained by decorticating from the leaves (sample A) and fibrous residue (sample B) were investigated for their pulping and paper-making properties, mainly on physical properties in relation to beating. From the results of this investgation, it was found that : (1) The fibrials in sample A showed parallel orientation to the fiber axis, and those in sam-ple B showed helical arrangement with respect to fiber axis. (2) The average length and width in fiber cells were in value of 1.7 mm, 10.3 um for sample A and 0.8 mm, 25.5 pm for sample B, respectively. (3) The fiber cell in sample A had a thicker cell wall and a narrower lumen compared with those in sample B. (4) sample A contained a very high quantity of soluble material in 1% NaOH solution, however, the contentes of total-cellulose, α-cellulose and lignin were in low value. In contrast, sample B contained high contents of total-cellulose, α-cellulose, pentsan and lignin. (5) Alkaline sulfite cooking process was applicable successfully to the both samples. But more rigorous condition was required in these samples than would be expected from the chemical constituents of both samples. (6) The pulp yield of sample A was very low compared with sample B. It was attributed to the low contents of total-cellulose and a-cellulose of raw material. (7) The brightness of pulp from sample B was low. It might suggest that some lignin remains in this pulp. (8) The water retention values and the bulk densities of the pulps from sample A increased rapidly on beating. It might suggest that an internal fibrillation in pulp fiber of sample A occurs more easily on beating. (9) The opacity of papers made from both samples decreased slowly on beating, and the tendency was not so remarkable. As a whole, these values remained at a high level compared with papers made from beaten conventional chemical wood pulps. (10) The breaking length, burst factor and tear factor of papers from sample A were in a high values than those of sample B. The breaking length and burst factor of papers from sample A were in comparable with papers made from beaten conventional chemical wood pulps, and the tear factors were superior to them.

2019-07-01 23:45:40
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