著者

吉田 哲二 金山 秀樹 山本 亘 向山 澄夫 金森 洋史 青木 滋

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

スペース・エンジニアリング・コンファレンス講演論文集 : Space Engineering Conference (ISSN:09189238)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, no.18, pp.67-70, 2010-01-28

被引用文献数

1

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月太陽発電「ルナリング」構想は,工ネルギを化石燃料に依存するパラダイムから,月からの無限に近いクリーンエネルギを自由に使うという発想へ転換するものである.本構想では月の赤道を周回する太陽電池を設置し,発電した電力をマイクロ波などで地上へ伝送する-人類が使う工ネルギの全部の量を月から送り電力供給と水素製造を行う.食糧・水の確保や水素社会が促進されると同時に化石燃料の燃焼を停止させ炭酸ガスの排出を低下させる.実現には宇宙太陽発電システムや月資源探査,月面での製造技術が必要.月面口ポットや有人施設だけでなく,国際的な協定・合意など法制面の確立も必要.清水建設の20余年にわたる宇宙建設研究をべ-スに夢のある将来像を描いた.

著者

平野 実 進 武幹 吉田 義一 三橋 重信 吉田 哲二 大久保 洋

出版者

The Japan Broncho-esophagological Society

雑誌

日本気管食道科学会会報 (ISSN:00290645)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.285-290, 1980-08-10 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

8 3

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Dynamic disorders of swallowing are caused by lesions of the neuro-muscular system that participates in swallowing. Aspiration resulting from such disorders can be classified into four types. This classification is helpful for selecting surgical treatments for aspiration as well as for difficulty in swallowing.Type I. In this type, aspiration occurs when the larynx is elevated and closed during swallowing. It results from incomplete laryngeal closure. Mediofixation of the paretic vocal fold, suture of the bilateral ventricular folds, and/or fixation of the larynx in a high position yields good laryngeal closure. Cricopharyngeal myotomy leads bolus easily into the esophagus.Type II. Aspiration takes place when the larynx descends and opens at the end of the second stage of swallowing. This type of aspiration results from a weak propelling force and/or a strong resistance at the entrance of the esophagus. The weak propelling force is attributed to an incompetent velopharyngeal closure, disturbances of tongue movement and/or a weak pharyngeal peristalsis. Pharyngeal flap operation, infrahyoid myotomy and/or reinforcement of the pharyngeal wall is the choice of treatment. In order to reduce the resistance at the entrance of the esophagus, cricopharyngeal myotomy and a fixation of the larynx in an antero-superior position are effective.Type III. Aspiration occurs in both phases of laryngeal rising and falling.Type IV. This type is observed in those patients who are unable to execute the movements of the second stage of swallowing. The inability of the second stage movements seems to be caused by one of the following two: a severe paralysis of the swallowing muscles and strong inhibitory stimuli to the swallowing center of the medulla oblongata. The latter is observed in those patients who would have a very severe aspiration if their swallowing center allowed them to execute swallowing. In this type, the bolus is transported from the mouth to the pharynx by the gravity and weak tongue movements. The larynx closes in reflex but does not present such rising and falling as are executed in normal second stage. When the larynx opens, the bolus staying in the pharynx enters the airway.

著者

平野 実 大久保 洋 吉田 哲二 江崎 修市 吉田 義一 進 武幹

出版者

The Japan Broncho-esophagological Society

雑誌

日本気管食道科学会会報 (ISSN:00290645)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.365-372, 1981-10-10 (Released:2010-10-20)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 3

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“Cricopharyngeal achalasia” appears to be defined as a failure of the cricopharyngeal muscle to relax or as its premature contraction during the pharyngeal stage of deglutition. Our electromyographic, radiographic and histological investigations led to the conclusion that there are NO such conditions. In the conditions where “cricopharyngeal achalasia” has been thought to exist in association with other neuromuscular diseases, the cricopharyngeal muscle does relax in normal timing. However, since the propelling force is lessened because of weakness of the lingual and/or pharyngeal muscles, bolus does not enter the esophagus during the cricopharyngeal relaxation. Therefore, it is not the cricopharyngeal muscle but the tongue and/or pharyngeal muscles that is responsible for dysphagia. In the conditions where “cricopharyngeal achalasia” appears to be the only problem, again the cricopharyngeal muscle does relax. This was confirmed electromyographically in 5 patients. Results of a histological study suggest that the genesis of dysphagia in these conditions is a decrease in expansibility of the cricopharyngeal muscle resulting from a myopathy. We propose that these conditions should be called “idiopathic cricopharyngeal myopathy.”