著者

三王 昌代

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.104-130, 2009-06

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According to such Chinese sources as Da Ming Shi Lu and Da Qing Li Chao Shi Lu, several diplomatic missions were sent from Sulu to China during the years 1417-24 and 1726-63, during the Ming and the Qing Periods respectively. The present article deals with a Malay document written in Arabic script, called Jawi, which consists of a diplomatic message dispatched by Sultan Muhammad Azim al-Din of the Sulu Sultanate to China in the ninth month of the hijra year 1198 (1784 AD), some twenty years after the aforementioned missions. This diplomatic message was submitted to Emperor Qianlong through the hands of many officials, including the tongzhi 同知 of Xiamen (Amoy), the xunfu 巡撫 of Fujian, and the zongdu 総督 of Fujian and Zhejiang.After describing the circumstances that led to an exchange of documents between Sulu and China, the author deciphers this Jawi document and conducts a detailed analysis of its contents, including a comparison with a public letter addressed to Sulu in 1782 and with the Chinese translation of the document, which was included in a Qing official’s memorial to Emperor Qianlong in 1784.The results of the comparison show that both countries shared a common view of a villain who, engaged in foreign trade, and embezzled the takings, and of the quantity of silver and other merchandise that must be returned to Sulu. On the other hand, there are differences in expression or in recognition as to whether the Emperor’s instructions had been widely transmitted throughout the Sulu Sultanate. Moreover, the honorific expression for the Sultan himself in the opening sentence of the original was replaced in the corresponding part of the translation by some words that express deference to the Chinese Emperor. Also added is a tribute of respect and gratitude to the Emperor, which was nonexistent in the original. It may be reasonably concluded that the translation was not so much a literal rendering of the original as something close to the expressions in the 1782 public letter addressed to Sulu.Although Jawi documents in general have rarely been used in historical study, this particular source seems to be of great value in understanding diplomatic as well as economic relations between the two countries.

著者

三王 昌代

出版者

東京大学大学院総合文化研究科・教養学部アジア地域文化研究会

雑誌

アジア地域文化研究 (ISSN:18800602)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.19-44, 2010

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論文/Articles

著者

三王 昌代

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.130-104, 2009-06

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According to such Chinese sources as Da Ming Shi Lu and Da Qing Li Chao Shi Lu, several diplomatic missions were sent from Sulu to China during the years 1417-24 and 1726-63, during the Ming and the Qing Periods respectively. The present article deals with a Malay document written in Arabic script, called Jawi, which consists of a diplomatic message dispatched by Sultan Muhammad Azim al-Din of the Sulu Sultanate to China in the ninth month of the hijra year 1198 (1784 AD), some twenty years after the aforementioned missions. This diplomatic message was submitted to Emperor Qianlong through the hands of many officials, including the tongzhi 同知 of Xiamen (Amoy), the xunfu 巡撫 of Fujian, and the zongdu 総督 of Fujian and Zhejiang.After describing the circumstances that led to an exchange of documents between Sulu and China, the author deciphers this Jawi document and conducts a detailed analysis of its contents, including a comparison with a public letter addressed to Sulu in 1782 and with the Chinese translation of the document, which was included in a Qing official's memorial to Emperor Qianlong in 1784.The results of the comparison show that both countries shared a common view of a villain who, engaged in foreign trade, and embezzled the takings, and of the quantity of silver and other merchandise that must be returned to Sulu. On the other hand, there are differences in expression or in recognition as to whether the Emperor's instructions had been widely transmitted throughout the Sulu Sultanate. Moreover, the honorific expression for the Sultan himself in the opening sentence of the original was replaced in the corresponding part of the translation by some words that express deference to the Chinese Emperor. Also added is a tribute of respect and gratitude to the Emperor, which was nonexistent in the original. It may be reasonably concluded that the translation was not so much a literal rendering of the original as something close to the expressions in the 1782 public letter addressed to Sulu.Although Jawi documents in general have rarely been used in historical study, this particular source seems to be of great value in understanding diplomatic as well as economic relations between the two countries.

著者

三王 昌代

出版者

歴史教育者協議会

雑誌

歴史地理教育 (ISSN:02881535)

巻号頁・発行日

no.639, pp.78-81, 2002-05

著者

三王 昌代

出版者

上越教育大学

雑誌

上越社会研究 (ISSN:09163530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.79-88, 2002-09

著者

三王 昌代

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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蘇禄(スールー)は東南アジア島嶼部に位置し、入手可能な資料が極めて少ないとれるだけでなく、中国との交渉において「外国文字」を用いていた地域でもあり、これまで当時の文書の内容に関する研究はほとんど行われていない。申請者は、東アジア・東南アジア世界に関する相互交渉・相互認識の実態や独自性を明らかにする必要があると考え、18世紀においてスールーと中国のあいだに交わされた国書に着目して研究を進めた。ジャウィの文書解読のため、マレーシア国民大学・マラヤ大学などを訪れて諸情報・資料収集を行った。スールーから中国に届けられた現地語の文書、すなわちジャウィの文書の解読を進め、漢訳されて上奏された文書などをはじめとする漢文資料との比較検討を行った。その結果、おもにマレー(ムラユ)語のジャウィが用いられていたことや、漢文になる段階で文言の置き換え・書き換えが行われたり、ジャウィの文書にはなかった皇帝賛美の文言が加えられていたりしたことなどが分かってきた。現在、このスールーと中国とのあいだの文書往来に関し、研究成果を纏める作業を行っている。また、中国福建省泉州でのフィールドワークの成果は、2008年度日本社会科教育学会で、「泉州(中国福建省)に残る文化交流・交渉の跡を辿る」(滋賀大学教育学部、10月11日、二谷貞夫先生と)と題して発表した(発表要旨は、『日本社会科教育学会全国大会発表論文集』第4号、2008年10月、88-89頁に掲載)。