著者

五賀 友継 李 燦雨

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17005, (Released:2018-01-19)

参考文献数

93

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The aim of this study was to clarify the establishment and development process of Dai Nippon Kyudo Kai (DNKK), which existed from the Meiji to the pre-war Showa era, and its organizational forms. The tasks of the study were to elucidate the establishment and developmental process of the DNKK based on the historical characteristics of the organization, which can be divided into 6 periods. The organizational forms were examined based on the articles of incorporation, and the trends of membership and branch distribution were also clarified. The results were as follows: 1)The DNKK was established as Seinen Kyujutsu Kai under the Toshizane Honda school in 1909, and shortly renamed the Dai Nippon Kyujutsu Kai. When it became an incorporated foundation in 1919, it was renamed the DNKK. The kyudo philosophy of Kako Neya was strongly reflected at the time of its foundation. 2)The DNKK increased its membership by developing its publishing arm, and promoted kyujutsu and kyudo as part of the regular curriculum in the school. 3)Division among DNKK members in 1915 and the death of Toshizane Honda in 1917 led to a schism of Toshizane Hondaʼs pupils, which resulted in diffusion of the Toshizane Honda method among kyudo players. 4)The DNKK was renamed kyudo from kyujutsu when it became an incorporated foundation in 1919. They considered kyujutsu to be a subject within kyudo. 5) The massive promotion of the DNKK was financially supported by kyudo shops. 6)Analysis of the articles of incorporation showed that the kyudo philosophy of Kako Neya was strongly reflected in the policy of the DNKK through a mechanism based on the opinions of the board of councilors. 7) The conflict with Dai Nippon Butoku Kai over kyudoyosoku resulted in further expansion of the DNKK because of the massive promotion program against them, and a medically negative interpretation to kyudoyosoku evident at the Tokyo Provisional First Army Hospital. 8)Kako Neya decided to step down in 1943, and the activity of the DNKK was substantially terminated in 1944 due to the influence of war. 9)The cumulative total DNKK membership was 22,769 between June 1912 and October 1943. The membership trend was affected by various external factors. 10)A total of 426 branches were established domestically and internationally. The trend of branch establishment was similar to that of membership, and 75% of branches were located in Eastern Japan. The DNKK aggressively promoted overseas expansion.

著者

五賀 友継 松尾 牧則

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.57-72, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-08-26)

参考文献数

80

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The aim of this study was to consider the transition period and reasons for the name change from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo” in school kyudo clubs and publications, when the word “kyudo” appeared, and what was thought to be the differences between it and “kyujutsu”.Firstly, the transition period from “kyujutsu club” to “kyudo club” in school kyudo clubs’ names was analyzed. Starting with the renaming at Daihachi Senior High School in 1911, the transition started to gather momentum in 1919, and by 1932, the transition was almost fully underway. However, the transition to “kyudo club” was never fully completed, and from studying the transition periods at respective schools, it was difficult to determine any uniform policy or specific trends. On the other hand, with respect to publications of that period, it was possible to confirm the attempt to transition from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo” from Gendai no Kyudo published in 1918, but not locate any use of the term “kyujutsu” after the publication of Yumi (1933). By juxtaposing the renaming of kyudo clubs in schools with the transition period of publications, the transition from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo” roughly took place in the 15-year period from 1918 to 1933.Next, it was found that the reason behind the transition from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo” was to place an emphasis on the art’s spiritual aspects. However, there were differences in the opinions of kyudo archers regarding the specific details of such spiritual aspects, as well as their importance relative to physical and technical aspects. As such, it was found that a variety of differences had emerged in terms of the practitioners’ conception of kyudo, as well as their ideal training methods and means of assessment.The transition period from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo”, and the reasons behind it, differ from those of the transitions from “bujutsu” to “budo”, as well as from “jujutsu” and “kenjutsu (gekiken)” to “judo” and “kendo” as presented in the From Jutsu to Do research. What sets kyudo apart includes the fact that some kyujutsu clubs remained and the term “kyudo” was not necessarily always enforced, as well as the suggestion by some that kyujutsu is essentially a part of kyudo.

著者

五賀 友継 李 燦雨

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.121-137, 2018-06-10 (Released:2018-06-20)

参考文献数

93

被引用文献数

1

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The aim of this study was to clarify the establishment and development process of Dai Nippon Kyudo Kai (DNKK), which existed from the Meiji to the pre-war Showa era, and its organizational forms. The tasks of the study were to elucidate the establishment and developmental process of the DNKK based on the historical characteristics of the organization, which can be divided into 6 periods. The organizational forms were examined based on the articles of incorporation, and the trends of membership and branch distribution were also clarified. The results were as follows: 1)The DNKK was established as Seinen Kyujutsu Kai under the Toshizane Honda school in 1909, and shortly renamed the Dai Nippon Kyujutsu Kai. When it became an incorporated foundation in 1919, it was renamed the DNKK. The kyudo philosophy of Kako Neya was strongly reflected at the time of its foundation. 2)The DNKK increased its membership by developing its publishing arm, and promoted kyujutsu and kyudo as part of the regular curriculum in the school. 3)Division among DNKK members in 1915 and the death of Toshizane Honda in 1917 led to a schism of Toshizane Hondaʼs pupils, which resulted in diffusion of the Toshizane Honda method among kyudo players. 4)The DNKK was renamed kyudo from kyujutsu when it became an incorporated foundation in 1919. They considered kyujutsu to be a subject within kyudo. 5) The massive promotion of the DNKK was financially supported by kyudo shops. 6)Analysis of the articles of incorporation showed that the kyudo philosophy of Kako Neya was strongly reflected in the policy of the DNKK through a mechanism based on the opinions of the board of councilors. 7) The conflict with Dai Nippon Butoku Kai over kyudoyosoku resulted in further expansion of the DNKK because of the massive promotion program against them, and a medically negative interpretation to kyudoyosoku evident at the Tokyo Provisional First Army Hospital. 8)Kako Neya decided to step down in 1943, and the activity of the DNKK was substantially terminated in 1944 due to the influence of war. 9)The cumulative total DNKK membership was 22,769 between June 1912 and October 1943. The membership trend was affected by various external factors. 10)A total of 426 branches were established domestically and internationally. The trend of branch establishment was similar to that of membership, and 75% of branches were located in Eastern Japan. The DNKK aggressively promoted overseas expansion.

著者

五賀 友継 松尾 牧則

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.89-99, 2018-12-28 (Released:2019-12-28)

参考文献数

54

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The aim of this study was to consider the influence of “Medical Research on Kyudo”, which was conducted by surgeons in Tokyo Provisional First Army Hospital from 1939 to 1941, and which subsequently lead to the dissolution of Kyudoyosoku. This research also looks to clarify the sequence of events during that period from historical records, research contents, and the reaction of archers after the publication of “Medical Research on Kyudo”. The results can be summarized as follows:1) Kyudo was adopted at the Tokyo Provisional First Army Hospital in 1939 as part of a rehabilitation program for disabled veterans with the aim of not only restoring military spirit, but also improving body posture.2) Following the adoption of kyudo, Tokyo Provisional First Army Hospital began the “Medical Research on Kyudo” project to select the most suitable kyudo forms to aid rehabilitation. Impact on the lungs and spinal cord were examined by radiographing the chest of the archers while performing the techniques of chukan-uchiokoshi and shomen-uchiokoshi. The research concluded that skeletal deformity and chest muscle distortion could occur with the chukan-uchiokoshi style. Moreover, the research assumed that incorrect lung position could trigger the risk of pleural inflammation and several diseases with chukan-uchiokoshi, but not with shomen-uchiokoshi.3) The results of the research study were widely publicized in kyudo and budo magazines, medical academic papers, newspapers and presentations not only for the kyudo archers, but also for the general public. This widespread dissemination of information also lead to the criticism of Kyudoyosoku from outside the kyudo field. This intensified pressure on the Greater Japan Martial Virtues Association, which had adopted chukan-uchiokoshi in Kyudoyosoku, to announce a strong statement denying the research on August 22, 1941.4) In our research, we could not confirm any other cases where the Greater Japan Martial Virtues Association got into such a situation as this to give a statement against criticism of kyudo’s essential rule. Therefore, it is conceivable that “Medical Research on Kyudo” gave validity or medical justification to criticize Kyudoyosoku. Taken together, the overall criticism from kyudo archers, budo martial artists, doctors, and society in general, and specifically the results from the “Medical Research on Kyudo” that indicated harm to the human body, was one of the main factors that lead to the elimination of the kyudo rationale, or the dissolution of Kyudoyosoku.

著者

大橋 俊 松村 晃志 松尾 牧則 五賀 友継

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.207-210, 2023-03-31 (Released:2023-05-23)

著者

五賀 友継 洪 子甯 松尾 牧則

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.87-102, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-07)

参考文献数

90

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The aim of this study was to clarify how kyudo was introduced and disseminated in Taiwan during the period of Japanese rule from 1895 to 1945.The first approach in investigating how kyudo began in Taiwan was by analyzing the local newspaper articles published during the period. It was found that the very first “Daikyujo” was established in Taipei in 1896, where kyudo activities first appeared. Some of the “Daikyujo” in this early period were for the purpose of physical exercise and training, while others were similar to “Yabaeigyo”, where the customers were charged to do kyudo as a form of entertainment.Next, understanding how the foundation was laid for the spread of kyudo in Taiwan was conducted by researching the role that the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) and the Dai Nippon Kyudo Kai (DNKK) played at the time. In the Taiwan branch of DNBK, the department of kyujutsu was established at the Taipei Chihou Iinbu (Taipei Regional Committee), which was the predecessor of the Taiwan branch of the DNBK, in 1901. This marked the beginning of kyudo practice on the island. However, the kyujutsu department was transferred out of the DNBK to Taiiku Club in 1903 and was temporarily separated from the DNBK. After the dissolution of Taiiku Club in 1916, it returned to the DNBK. Around the same time, the DNKK established its first branch in Takao (Kaohsiung) in 1915, but local promotion activities only began in earnest from 1924, after the visit of Kako NEYA, the founder of the DNKK. Subsequently, Seiko OIZUMI, a master of the DNKK, was stationed in Taiwan and further promoted the spread of kyudo.Lastly, the geographical locations and establishment timeline of the Kyudo group, mainly established by the DNBK and DNKK in Taiwan over the period of Japanese rule, were analyzed to identify the extent of the spread of kyudo in the region at the time. It was found that Kyudo group was not only established in urban areas on the west coast of the main island, but also on the less populated east coast, central mountainous areas, and remote islands. In particular, the DNKK accounts for 30% of the kyudo groups in total. On the other hand, it was not clear whether the DNBK had successfully spread to those regions. In addition, it was observed that a high concentration of kyudo organizations established in southern Taiwan were affiliated with the sugar industry. Besides the DNBK and DNKK, the Dai Nippon Shakakuin was another kyudo organization that had its branch in Taipei, but its influence was limited.

著者

五賀 友継 洪 子甯 松尾 牧則

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2107, (Released:2021-12-15)

参考文献数

90

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The aim of this study was to clarify how kyudo was introduced and disseminated in Taiwan during the period of Japanese rule from 1895 to 1945.The first approach in investigating how kyudo began in Taiwan was by analyzing the local newspaper articles published during the period. It was found that the very first “Daikyujo” was established in Taipei in 1896, where kyudo activities first appeared. Some of the “Daikyujo” in this early period were for the purpose of physical exercise and training, while others were similar to “Yabaeigyo”, where the customers were charged to do kyudo as a form of entertainment.Next, understanding how the foundation was laid for the spread of kyudo in Taiwan was conducted by researching the role that the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) and the Dai Nippon Kyudo Kai (DNKK) played at the time. In the Taiwan branch of DNBK, the department of kyujutsu was established at the Taipei Chihou Iinbu (Taipei Regional Committee), which was the predecessor of the Taiwan branch of the DNBK, in 1901. This marked the beginning of kyudo practice on the island. However, the kyujutsu department was transferred out of the DNBK to Taiiku Club in 1903 and was temporarily separated from the DNBK. After the dissolution of Taiiku Club in 1916, it returned to the DNBK. Around the same time, the DNKK established its first branch in Takao (Kaohsiung) in 1915, but local promotion activities only began in earnest from 1924, after the visit of Kako NEYA, the founder of the DNKK. Subsequently, Seiko OIZUMI, a master of the DNKK, was stationed in Taiwan and further promoted the spread of kyudo.Lastly, the geographical locations and establishment timeline of the Kyudo group, mainly established by the DNBK and DNKK in Taiwan over the period of Japanese rule, were analyzed to identify the extent of the spread of kyudo in the region at the time. It was found that Kyudo group was not only established in urban areas on the west coast of the main island, but also on the less populated east coast, central mountainous areas, and remote islands. In particular, the DNKK accounts for 30% of the kyudo groups in total. On the other hand, it was not clear whether the DNBK had successfully spread to those regions. In addition, it was observed that a high concentration of kyudo organizations established in southern Taiwan were affiliated with the sugar industry. Besides the DNBK and DNKK, the Dai Nippon Shakakuin was another kyudo organization that had its branch in Taipei, but its influence was limited.

著者

五賀 友継

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.213-215, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-08-26)

著者

五賀 友継

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.147-151, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-04-28)