著者

田中 秀昌 木村 昌彦 大辻 康太 徳山 英仁 佐藤 航平 長谷川 勧

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.Supplement, pp.S_52, 2016 (Released:2018-03-12)

著者

林 伯原

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.59-75, 2014-01-31 (Released:2015-01-31)

参考文献数

38

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Prior to the times of Jiajing (A.D.1521-1566), Japanese swords were often imported into China as tributes, trading goods and complimentary gifts, but there was no record that Chinese troops or civilians had learned and widely used Japanese swordplay, except for the imperial guards. Since the year of Jiajing 31 (A.D.1552), the massive Japanese invasion of the southeast coast of China made Chinese people notice the advantage of Japanese swordplay. Meanwhile Chinese army and civilians who loved Chinese wushu needed better sword skills,therefore Japanese swordplay became rapidly known and absorbed by them and spread among the folk people. At that time some members of the Chinese army were equipped with Japanese long swords; the warriors used cane shields, and the archers and the cavalry were equipped with Japanese waist broadswords. Training involved the repetition of solo patterns or routines first, followed by matches with other people. Some civilians who learned Japanese swordplay exercised mainly the routines, others mainly practiced a single pose or stance. The kind of Japanese swordplay that spread among civilians could be divided into two types: in one, people were trained by original Japanese swordplay; in the other one, people practiced Japanese swordplay with Chinese swordsmanship together, integrating Chinese swordplay and Japanese swordplay into a new kind of swordplay. In both cases, the practice of Japanese swordplay introduced into China was characterized by the use of patterns or routines.But the routines used by the Chinese army and the folk people were greatly different. In the army, the routine was laid out from the perspective of group training, so it was brief and simple; while the folk routine was laid out from an individual point of view, so it was long and complicated.

著者

浅見 裕 横山 直也 百鬼 史訓 田中 幸夫 田中 秀幸 大矢 稔 山神 眞一

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.12-19, 1994-08-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

14

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For the purpose of determining the technical characteristics of the Kendo strike with the Jodan-no-Kamae in Kendo, we measured the impact force of the one-hand Shomen-and Kote-uchi using as subjects five college Kendo club students. And analyzed the data by a motion analysis system with a video tape recorder. We also measured the impact force of the two-hand Chudan-no-Kamae strike for comparison. The following are the results obtained from a biomechanical examination of the data.1. The downward maximum magnitude of the impact force of the one-hand Kote-Uchi (150.03 ± 21.35kgf) was greater than that of the one-hand Shomen-Uchi (120.99 ± 11.55kgf). This difference was a characteristic of the one-hand strike but not of the two-hand strike.2. The angular motion at the left shoulder, from which the Shinai is brought down, was greater for the one-hand Kote-Uchi than for the one-hand Men-Uchi. This will explain why the vertical component force of the one-hand Kote-Uchi was greater than that of the one-hand Men-Uchi.3. With respect to the vertical movement of the Kensen, the maximum speed was greater for the one-hand Kote-Uchi than for the one-hand Men-Uchi while the opposite was the case with respect to the forward movement. This was in accord with the observation that the maximum magnitude of the impact force was greater for the one-hand Kote-Uchi than for the one-hand Men-Uchi with respect to the vertical movement whereas the opposite was the case with respect to the forward movement.4. The correlation coefficient between the impact time and the maximum magnitude of the impact force was small whereas the correlation coefficient between the impact time and the impulse value was great.5. There was not an appreciable difference in the magnitude of the impact force between the one-hand and two-hand Men-Uchi. However, with respect to the right Kote-Uchi, the maximum magnitude of the impact force was greater in every direction for the one-hand strike than for the two-hand strike. Most notably, with respect to the downward movement, the maximum magnitude of the impact force of the one-hand Kote-Uchi was greater than that of the two-hand Men-Uchi.

著者

藤堂 良明 入江 康平 村田 直樹

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.40-46, 1998-03-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

26

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Recently there comes a lot of debating about Judo suit and main points are its form and colour. We tried to reserach the historical changes of Judo suit, especially about its form and colour in Japan and the results are as follows;(1) During the war pesiod, the warrior put on a HAKAMA (a divided skirt forman's for mal wear) and a KOSODE (a wadded silk garment) under the armors. After the war ended, the warrior sheds the armor and put on a HAORI (a Japanese half coat) instead of the armor on a HAKAMA and a KOSODE. The warrior wore a JUBAN (a half undergarmet) and drawers as underwears and the colour of those wears were white with the raason of low cost without dyeing.(2) When the warrior practised KATA of Jnjutsu, they took off a HAORI and so the wears for the practice were KOSODE and HAKAMA. After the KATA practice, they did MIDARE-GEIKO (a practice of free fighting style) and then took off KOSODE and HAKAMA and wore half sleeves which were made wider and quilted to make it be stronger, and the form was as the same as JUBAN. They put on MOMOHIKI (drawers) too in the practice.(3) The founder of Judo, Jigoro KANO mentioned Jude suit in his book that an upper garment could be white cotton in colour and trousers, MOMOHIKI with strings around the waist. Those which were mentioned by J. KANO are the technical terms of underwears, so that the origin of Judo suit could be recogrized as the underwears in Japanese culture. J. KANO maintained traditions of the white colour and improved of length of sleeves for prevention against injuries. And he established Dan and Kyu grading system with the various colours of the belts.(4) There has been a traditional belief among Japanese peoqle that white colour means pureness and holiness which are much worthy to the life, so that could be the reason why the white colour of Judo suit could be maintained so far.

著者

榎本 鐘司

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.44-53, 1980-12-15 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

23

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It will be Kenjutsu that underwent transfiguration most of the budo in the last days of the shogunate. In the evolution of 'the theory of the practical bugei', Kenjutsu was forced to change in quality in the position between the hojutsu (the Japanese gunnery) raising its head and the declining kyujutsu (the Japanese archery)and jujutsu.Now in this paper, mainly considering the various materials related to Sugane Kubota and Nobutomo Odani which were cleared up in the research, and refering to the documents related to the Itto-ryu Kenjutsu, positively I discussed the inclination of the change in guality of Kenjutsu in the last days of the shogunate.I will arrange them in order next.Shinai Uchicomi Shiai Kenjutsu (the Kenjutsu by the matches hitting each other with shinai) whose systematization of the technics had been immature was weeded out taking it as an opportunity long shinai's coming into vogue, and, the disciplining and practical Kenjutsu was groped by Kenjutsuka (the proffssor of Kenjutsu), with it, the systematization of the teechnics of Shinai Uchicomi Shiai Kenjutsu had progressed.

著者

加藤 寛

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.55-56, 1976-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

山本 純子

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.25-35, 1990-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

32

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“BUGEI-ZUFU-TSUUSHI (Korean, Muye-Tobo-Tongji)” was published in 1790. This has been the most representative book of material arts in Korea. Some sword arts, for example, SOUSHUTOU (Ssangusudo), EITOU (Yedo), WAKEN (Oegum), KOUSENFU (Gyojoenbo), TEITOKUKEN (Jedoggum)(Jedoggum) and HONGOKUKEN (Bongukgum) are found in this book. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between these sword arts and Japan between the ones and China.The Results can be summarized as follows.1. SOUSYUTOU was affected by WAKOU (Japanese pirates), KOUWA (Japanese prisoners of the Invasion of Korea by Toyotomi Hideyoshi) and the drillmasters of Ming China army in the process of its formation.2. EITOU was affected by Japanese-Korean trades in the process of its formation.3. WAKEN and KOUSENFU were affected by CHOUSEN-TSUUSHINSHI (Korean missions to Japan) in the process of their formation.4. TEITOKUKEN was affected by the drillmasters of Ming China army.5. HONGOKUKEN was affected by the thought of Korean nationalism in those days.

著者

松尾 牧則 黒須 憲

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.Supplement, pp.34-34, 2000 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

滝沢 光三

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.15, 1971-10-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

中嶋 哲也

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.95-107, 2016-11

著者

金 炫勇

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.87-98, 2014-01-31 (Released:2015-01-31)

参考文献数

31

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The purpose of this study is to examine through available documents and previous research how kendo was introduced and developed in Korea in the modern Joesen period. The study results are as follows.In general the leading role in the international spread of kendo was played by the emigration of Japanese people and the martial arts organization known as the Dai Nippon Butokukai. However in the case of Korea, kendo or gekken (as it was called then) was introduced as part of the late Joseon dynasty’s modernization policy. The reason for the introduction at that time was the victory of Japanese army in the Sino-Japanese War.At that time, namely in 1895, gekken was first introduced as a training exercise in the police force. Then in 1904 it became a subject in the military academy training. Because at that time of the Joseon dynasty the military academy was under the Ministry of Education, gekken came to be seen as a part of school physical education.But since the Ulsa treaty of 1905 and the growth of nationalism with the crisis of the loss of national sovereignty, kendo as school physical education developed characteristics of the patriotic movement.

著者

榎本 鐘司

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.69-70, 1990-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

2

著者

原田 隆次 松尾 牧則

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.Supplement, pp.S_112, 2016 (Released:2018-03-12)

著者

森 俊男 入江 康平 佐藤 明

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.80-82, 1978-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

3

著者

橋爪 和夫

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.9-23, 1993-08-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

43

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The general purpose of this research was to study the signification of the shout on Kendo. The focus of this study was to explore a historical formative stage and philological formative process of the shout. This investigation was carried on a condition that the shout is not essential according to The Conception of Kendo and the teaching which the shout should be voiceless in the extremity.The shout of the age at civil wars was one of the weapons. In the Edo period the existence of the shout was decided by the dogma of each Kenjutsuryuha (Kendo school). In the Meiji period the shout became to admit as one of the practice methods assuming the unconscious KAKEGOE, and in this time both modern style and understanding of KAKEGOE were formatted. To get a lot of effects on voiceless condition more than on shout, modern Kendo has a recognition about the KAKEGOE that the more skill player, the more little shout after going through an unconscious and natural shout.In the practice and the match handling a BOKUTO, the spot of the boby for DATOTSU (strike) might be named (KOSYO) before striking. In and after the 1750's, according to use SHINAI and BOGU (a protector), the original form of DATOTSUBUIKOSYO occurred. Modern style of DATOTSUBUIKOSYO can be confirmed by a bibliography of the early Meiji period. In the later Meiji Period DATOTSUBUIKOSYO was located as a necessary shout at the minimum. It is indicated by the existence of DATOTSUBUIKOSYO that Kendo is on longer a tool of an actual warfare but a movement culture.KAKEGOE and DATOTSUBUIKOSYO are coming to this day with advancing in their philological functions both phylogenetically and ontogenetically. The shout which is related to high spirits is closely connected with YUKO (valid) DATOTSU (a point). KAKEGOE may include a function that a player demonstrates one's high spirits to a third person by it. DATOTSUBUIKOSYO may also involve the possibility that it contains a potentiality of a lie. These functions of the shouts are contrary to The Conception of Kendo.Both DATOTSUBUIKOSYO by a player and YUKODATOTSU Announcement by the Chief Referee at YUKODATOTSU are the highest language level. The correspondence with a mind of player seems to DATOTSUBUIKOSYO back and forth. It may be possible for the excellent player to format DATOTSUBUIKOSYO in the speech area neverthless he or she does not shout (DATOTSUBUIKOSYO).A study on the level of a detachment may be a next theme.

著者

田邉 信太郎 石塚 正一

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.Supplement, pp.33, 1999 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

山本 純子

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.24-34, 1991-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

28

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“BUGEI-ZUFU-TSUUSHI” (in Korean, Muye-Tobo-Tongji) was published in 1790. SOUSYUTOU (Shangusudo) can be seen in this book. SOUSYUTOU was affected by KOUWA (Japanese prisoners of the Invasion of Korea by Toyotomi Hideyoshi) and the drillmasters of Ming China army in the process of its formation. This study attempted to analyze the political situation of a sword arts in Japanese Invasion of Korea from 1592 to 1598. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship of SOUSYUTOU with KOUWA and Ming China army.The results can be summarized as follows.1. In those days, a sword arts in Korea was less developed than Japan and China.2. The sword arts was introduced into Korea from Japan and China by KOUWA and Ming China army in KUNRENTOKAN (HullyonTogan).3. SOUSYUTOU was affected by KOUWA and Ming China army through the medium of KANKYO (a man of public functionary in Korea).

著者

前田 シン子

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.59-61, 1985-01-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

5

著者

小林 義雄 中村 民雄 長谷川 弘

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.24-33, 1993-08-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

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In this historical study on the formation of modern kendo, we explore the system of techniques and its technical contents for shinai uchikomi geiko kendo practice, which is different from the performance of forms and styles called kata or kumitachi. We focus, among others, on master Chiba Shusaku, who constructed the practicing method and perfected the techniques into “68 winning techniques”. Further, we explore the thoughts behind and technical contents of the master's techniques, and compare the differences in techniques of “68 techniques” and what is considered to be its prototype, kumitachi of Onoha Ittoryu.In Ono School, most of the strokes are made to respond to the opponent's strokes, while “68 winning techniques” are primarily offensive, aiming at blowing or thrusting the opponent as quickly as possible to score men, tsuki, kote, or do. Thus, in both of the schools there are only three common techniques:1. Hitotsugachi and Kiriotoshitsuki, which are to cut down opponent's stroke and to thrust;2. Suriage and Suriagemen, which are to knock away opponent's sword and to blow opponent on the head;3. Tsubawari and Nukizuki, which are to duck opponent's blow by stepping back and to thrust the opponent after pulling your sword.Further, there are only seven techniques which are partially common:1. Chishou and Chishoumen, which are to put the point of the sword in opponent's arms who his trying to blow you on the head;2. Chishou and Chishouzuki, which are the same as above;3. Kobushi-no-harai and Kirikaeshimen, which are to blow opponent's head quicker than opponent's blowing you on the head;4. Uragiri and Sasoihikigote, which are to invite opponent's strike on your forearm;5. Aiha and Makiotoshimen, which are to twist down opponent's stroke and to blow opponent's head;6. Aiha and Makiotoshizuki, which are to twist down, rightward or leftward, opponent's stroke;7. Hariaiba and Harimen, which are to strike opponent's sword hard.From this it is clear that “68 winning techniques” were unique in its system of techniques and its technical contents, which were very different from Kumitachi of Onoha Ittoryu.

著者

塩入 宏行 木田 尚武

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.18-26, 1995-01-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

48

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There seems to exist a prejudice, among the Japanese people, especially those who are not familiar with the history of European style of fencing, that it is too defensive or technical aspect of the fencing is too much emphasized when compared with the offensive Japanese Kendo in which the traditional straight downward cut, for example, the “Kiri-otoshi” or “Hitotsu-gachi” in Itto-ryu school has been respected. It may partly be because of the difference in their fighting styles. Meanwhile, it is an undeniable fact that the term “fencing” derives from “defencing” by losing its suffix “de”, and the French word, “escrime”, which corresponds to the English fencing, comes from the Frankish “skirmjan” meaning defence through “escremie” or “eskermie”.Originally, of course, fencing was really based on the fight of life or death and it is not so deffensive as we Japanese generally suppose. Even after the World war II (in 1958 & 19687), duels with a real sword were fought. They have pursued this art of fencing very seriously.But historically speaking, as Egerton Castle pronounced in his School and Masters of fence, 'Paradoxical as it seems, the development of the “Art of Fence” was the result of the invention of firearms. Its history need not therefore be taken up higher than the fifteenth century.' We may safely say that modern fencing marked its first step is fencing history in the 15th century with the invention of firearms and has developped technically as the weight of the sword deminished. It was not until the latter half of the 17th century that core techniques in modern fencing, such as <parade-riposte> in two times or <on guare position> closing the line of attack, etc. appeared.In this study the authors tried to clarify the characteristic features in styles of four representative masters of fence in the 16th century Italy where systematic teaching of fencing first appeared and the theories of fencing masters were published in printed treatices. Their names are Achille Marozzo, Camillo Agrippa, Giacomo di Grassi and Angelo Viggiani.