著者

直原 幹 市川 真澄 伊藤 政展

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.25-34, 2009-02-01 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

32

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“Tanden, ” a Japanese term for the lower abdominal region below the navel, is believed in oriental physical arts to be extremely important in maintaining vitality, staying calm, and taking rational action. In this paper, we examine whether the “tanden” focus of attention exherts an influence on postural control. The effectiveness of this “tanden” focus of attention on postural control is estimated by observing the equilibrium of subjects tasked with standing upright while following different sets of instructions. Four groups of subjects are instructed to stand still with minimal body sway while standing on a force-plate system that measures their center of pressure (COP). Each group is given different instructions: One group focuses on markers placed 26 cm away from the middle line of the force plate (external focus), a second focuses on their feet (internal focus), and the third on their “tanden” (internal focus). The control group is given no specific focus instructions. The parameters of equilibrium are the length of COP, average velocity of COP, and ellipse area of COp.The results show: 1) The length of COP is significantly shorter (p<0.05) in the “tanden” focus group than in the feet-focus group and the control group.2) The average velocity of COP is significantly slower (p<0.05) in the “tanden” focus group than in the feet-focus group and the control group.3) In the ellipse area of COP, there is no difference among the four groups. These results suggest that “tanden” focus of attention attenuates body sway.

著者

伊藤 政展

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.93-100, 1979-09-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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The purpose of this study was to test two hypotheses suggested by a motivational account of hypnotic phenomena: (1) The performance on the hand dynamometer task in the hypnotic state without additional motivating suggestions (hypnosis per se) would be better than the performance in the waking state with no suggestions. (2) The performance on the hand dynamometer task in the hypnotic state with task motivating suggestions would be better than the performance in the waking state with the same suggestions, and also better than the performance in the hypnosis per se. Thirty university male students were employed as subjects (Ss) in the experiment, who were able to pass the item of arm catalepsy in the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS). Ss performed the hand dynamometer task under three experimental conditions which were completely counterbalanced (hypnosis per se, and hypnotic and waking states with task motivating suggestions) and three base level conditions, all intertrial intervals being 20 min. Ss were hypnotized with aid of HGSHS and were tested after passing the item of arm catalepsy. The results of Newman-Keuls test revealed that the hypnotic and waking suggestions resulted in significant increments in performance, but that the difference of the increment between both conditions was not significant. That is, two hypotheses were not confirmed here. However, the results of cluster analysis indicated that on the performance of Ss of high and medium levels of susceptibility to hypnosis, the two hypotheses were supported and that the induction of hypnosis tended to depress the performance of Ss of low susceptibility to hypnosis. These findings seem to suggest that the hypnotic susceptibility is one of the most important factors to determine the effects of hypnosis on muscular strength, and to provide an insight into the contradictions of hypnotic literature.