著者

池川 茂樹 松崎 和輝 早瀬 文章 上野 光博 増井 晃 戸谷 敦也 直原 幹 榊原 潔 Shigeki Ikegawa Kazuki Matsuzaki Fumiaki Hayase Mitsuhiro Ueno Akira Masui Atsuya Toya Kan Jikihara Kiyoshi Sakakibara

出版者

上越教育大学

雑誌

上越教育大学研究紀要 = Bulletin of Joetsu University of Education (ISSN:09158162)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.601-609, 2018-03-15

著者

土田 了輔 直原 幹 阪元 容昌 相河 美花

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.17-25, 2001

被引用文献数

1

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Recently people enjoy playing street basketball in a playground. Such a &ldquo;playground style&rdquo; game (let me call the game style local game hereafter) is also played in Japan.<br>In general, local games have flexibility to change rules depending on the participants' situations and their interests. These local games have a tendency to omit some elements from the official rules due to participants' pleasure. For example, a free throw is one of the rules, which is frequently omitted in local games. Actually, in many cases, a throw-in from out of bounds instead of free throw was approved when a player committed a foul on a shot. Why was the free throw rule omitted in local games? The reason for that seemed to depend on participants' pleasure. Their pleasure, however, is difficult to treat in scientific studies, because someone's pleasure is not always other's pleasure.<br>In this paper, to resolve this problem, the concept of &ldquo;game complex&rdquo; was highlighted as a jargon apparatus which could serve as a tool of analysis. Furthermore, game was defined as a group of acts which had three elements; 1) a number of participants, 2) performances for a point, and 3) an interest of participants.<br>With the definition of game, the free throw was considered to be a sub-game of the basketball main-game, and a basketball game is seen as a &ldquo;game complex&rdquo;. When participants approved this sub-game and found pleasure in the elements of the game or regarded sub-game as a metaphor of a situation that was lost in main-game, a game complex would be divided into some parts. This was a reason why the free throw was omitted in local games. Moreover, local games had a possibility to become a new official game. In the present paper, correlations between a local game and the official game are discussed.

著者

直原 幹 市川 真澄 伊藤 政展

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.25-34, 2009-02-01 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

32

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“Tanden, ” a Japanese term for the lower abdominal region below the navel, is believed in oriental physical arts to be extremely important in maintaining vitality, staying calm, and taking rational action. In this paper, we examine whether the “tanden” focus of attention exherts an influence on postural control. The effectiveness of this “tanden” focus of attention on postural control is estimated by observing the equilibrium of subjects tasked with standing upright while following different sets of instructions. Four groups of subjects are instructed to stand still with minimal body sway while standing on a force-plate system that measures their center of pressure (COP). Each group is given different instructions: One group focuses on markers placed 26 cm away from the middle line of the force plate (external focus), a second focuses on their feet (internal focus), and the third on their “tanden” (internal focus). The control group is given no specific focus instructions. The parameters of equilibrium are the length of COP, average velocity of COP, and ellipse area of COp.The results show: 1) The length of COP is significantly shorter (p<0.05) in the “tanden” focus group than in the feet-focus group and the control group.2) The average velocity of COP is significantly slower (p<0.05) in the “tanden” focus group than in the feet-focus group and the control group.3) In the ellipse area of COP, there is no difference among the four groups. These results suggest that “tanden” focus of attention attenuates body sway.

著者

今泉 和彦 立屋敷 かおる 滝澤 裕治 村上 晴久 直原 幹

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.161-177, 1997-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

5

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The difference between the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand in overarm throwing motions and ball-throwing distances were studied in student women. The subjects were divided into a trained group and an untrained group. A switch thrower, categorized in the training group, was also examined. The throwing time, moving distance and mean velocity of the ball in the overall throwing phase, back-swing phase and acceleration phase were determined by a high-speed video analysis system. Seven empirical parameters estimated from the overall throwing motion were also introduced. These physical quantities and parameters were compared between the dominant and non-dominant hands. The ball-throwing distances in the trained and untrained groups were 2.58 and 1.73 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. The difference in these values for both the hands of the switch thrower, however, were very small. The throwing time, moving time, and mean ball velocity in the back-swing phase in the trained group were 1.16, 1.65 and 1.35 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. These phenomena were not observed in the untrained group and the switch thrower. The mean ball velocities in the acceleration phase for the trained and untrained groups were 2.0 and 1.5 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. These values were more highly correlated with the ball-throwing distance in the trained group than in the untrained group. Significant correlations between seven parameters and ball-throwing distance were all observed for the dominant hand. However, only three of these parameters showed significant correlations for the non-dominant hand. These results show that the relationship between ball-throwing distance and throwing motion is closer for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand. In the present paper, possible roles of the dominant and non-dominant hands in the relationship between throwing motion and ball-throwing distance are also discussed.

著者

直原 幹 市川 真澄 山神 眞一 宮本 賢作

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.14-21, 1997-08-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

41

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The location of the stance during the standard position (Chudan-no-kamae) in Kendo measured from skilled Kendo players (n=28) were divided in the two types, high grade type (=HG) and middle grade type (=MG), according to the trained career (=Dan-i and playing career) of them. The length, width and left foot angle made from vertical line estimated from the location of the stance were compared between HG and MG. The differences of equilibrium between HG and MG were studied in student Kendo players (n=10). The parameters of equilibrium determined by analyzing the center of the foot pressure were the displacement of the body sway and the body sway area. These parameters were compared between HG and MG. The length of the stance (cm/Height) was shorter significantly (p< 0.05) in HG (=0.12±0.03)than in MG (=0.15±0.05). In the width and left foot angle of the stance, there was no difference between HG and MG, respectively. The displacement of the body sway was shorter significantly (p< 0.01) in HG than in MG. As the total period kept standing, mean value of the displacement in HG (=716.6mm) was 14% shorter than in MG (=830.6mm). In the body sway area, there was no difference between HG (=28.9± 13.1cm2) and MG (=30.9 ± 17.0cm2). These results suggest that the equilibrium in Kendo posture correlate closely with the length of stance. In the present paper, correlation between biomechanical properties of the different stance types in Kendo players and skill levels of them are also discussed.