著者

狩野 文浩 佐藤 侑太郎 山梨 裕美

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.1, (Released:2021-01-14)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

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We introduce a unique art-science collaboration project organized by contemporary artists and comparative psychologists at Kyoto City Zoo in 2019. The objectives of this project were to evaluate how chimpanzees and humans respond to movies created by professional artists and to contribute to an outreach event at the zoo by demonstrating the entire research process to the public. We asked the artists to make short movies 'for chimpanzees' and presented those movies to chimpanzee and human participants while tracking the participants' eye movements using an eye-tracker. Both chimpanzees and humans looked at similar elements of movies, such as appearance of animal figures, targets of actions, and the center of abstract concentric figures. The differences between chimpanzees and humans were also pronounced; for example, human showed strong 'center bias' by keeping their gaze around the center of the screen, while chimpanzee did so to a lesser extent. This study not only offered comparative knowledge about responses to (artistic) movies in chimpanzees and humans but demonstrated how non-scientists can learn comparative psychology through an outreach project.

著者

半谷 吾郎 好廣 眞一 YANG Danhe WONG Christopher Chai Thiam 岡 桃子 楊木 萌 佐藤 侑太郎 大坪 卓 櫻井 貴之 川田 美風 F. FAHRI SIWAN Elangkumaran Sagtia HAVERCAMP Kristin 余田 修助 GU Ningxin LOKHANDWALA Seema Sheesh 中野 勝光 瀧 雄渡 七五三木 環 本郷 峻 澤田 晶子 本田 剛章 栗原 洋介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.36.014, (Released:2020-11-30)

参考文献数

23

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We studied the island-wide distribution of wild Japanese macaques in Yakushima (Macaca fuscata yakui) in May 2017 and 2018. We walked 165.4 km along roads and recorded the location of 842 macaque feces. We divided the roads into segments 50 m in length (N=3308) and analyzed the effect of the areas of farms and villages or conifer plantations around the segments and also the presence of hunting for pest control on the presence or absence of feces. We divided the island into three areas based on population trend changes over the past two decades: north and east (hunting present, population decreasing); south (hunting present, no change) and west (hunting absent, no change). According to conditional autoregressive models incorporating spatial autocorrelation, only farms and villages affected the presence of feces negatively in the island-wide data set. The effect of hunting on the presence of feces was present only in the north and east and the effect of conifer plantations was present only in the west. Qualitative comparisons of the census records from the 1990s with the more recent census indicated that feces were no longer found in the private land near the northern villages of Yakushima, where macaques were previously often detected in the 1990s. In other areas, such as near the southern villages or in the highlands, macaques were detected both in the 1990s and in 2017-2018. Our results further strengthen the possibility that the macaques have largely disappeared around the villages in the northern and eastern areas. Since the damage of crops by macaques has recently reduced considerably, we recommend reducing hunting pressure in the north and east areas and putting more effort into alternative measures such as the use of electric fences.

著者

佐藤 侑太郎 狩野 文浩 平田 聡

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.7, (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

3

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Emotion is understudied in nonhuman animals despite broad interests in the topic. This is partly due to the difficulty in measuring subtle emotional reactions, such as physiological changes, under ecologically-valid situations. It is particularly challenging because the majority of traditional physiological measurements require animal participants to wear electrodes and head/body restraints in a laboratory. Recent advances in infrared thermography (IRT), and its use in measuring changes in animals' skin-temperature, offer suitable solutions for these challenges. This article reviews a growing body of research employing IRT in the study of animal emotions and identify both merits and shortcomings of IRT which need to be considered when designing experiments and observations. Also, we introduce our recent efforts to facilitate the use of IRT for the study of large-body animals, such as chimpanzees. Finally, we illustrate some of the critical future directions of IRT for the study of nonhuman animals. In conclusion, the study of animal emotion is more possible than ever before with this novel technology.

著者

小澤 一仁 佐藤 侑人 成田 冴理

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.8, pp.575-592, 2018-08-15 (Released:2018-10-10)

参考文献数

177

被引用文献数

1

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アルカリ玄武含に普遍的に含まれるスピネルカンラン岩捕獲岩の圧力推定についてレビューを行い,それがどのような理由でいかに困難であるかを共通認識として持てるように,これまで提案されてきた圧力推定方法の問題点をそれぞれの方法について指摘した.さらに,それらの問題をどのようにして解決し,充分な精度を持ったスピネルカンラン岩相の圧力推定方法を確立できるのかについての指針を示した.さらに,その推定値を検証するための方法として,マントル物質がマグマに取り込まれてから急冷するまでの時間スケールと上昇速度を組み合わせた方法を提案し,マグマの上昇に関するこれまでの研究をレビューし,有望な反応過程について考察した.

著者

佐藤 侑 郭 士傑 稲田 誠生 向井 利春

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集C編 (ISSN:18848354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.789, pp.1899-1912, 2012 (Released:2012-05-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 9

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With a record-low birthrate and a rapidly-growing elderly population, Japan faces a severe demographic challenge, compounded by a chronic lack of nursing care staff. Among nursing care tasks, patient transfer is one of the most physically strenuous tasks. To free caregivers from such heavy physical work and to compensate for the lack of nursing care staff, we have developed two prototype robots, RIBA and RIBA-II, which were designed to come in direct contact with patients and conduct transfer tasks such as lifting and moving a patient from a bed or the floor to a wheelchair and back. This paper, focusing on RIBA-II, describes the motion design, handling method, safety measures, as well as the verification experiment conducted on healthy subjects. RIBA-II, who's whole body including the joints is covered with soft materials to realize a safe and easy contact with humans, has the ability to lift up a human up to 80kg with a certain safety factor from the floor and transfer him/her to a normal wheelchair with armrests. The robot is not an autonomous one but a robot operated by a caregiver to ensure safety. When conducting a transfer task, the caregiver handles the robot by stroking the rubber tactile sensors installed on the robot arms and, at the same time, confirms safety. The purpose of the robot is not only relieving caregivers from heavy physical works but also to replace the transfer task conducted by two caregivers by one robot and one caregiver. The feasibility has been demonstrated by the verification experiment as described in this paper.