著者

三島 健一 入江 圭一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.2, pp.193-204, 2020-02-01 (Released:2020-02-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 1

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Cannabis contains over 700 known cannabinoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and so on; however, the roles and importance of these components have yet to be fully understood. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is believed the most psychoactive component in cannabis, whereas cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol, and cannabigerol are the most well-known non-psychoactive components. THC, but not CBD, has been shown to produce abnormal behavior in animals; these effects are caused, at least in part, by binding to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in the brain. Regarding the risks associated with cannabis use, acute effects of THC, such as a “high”, cognitive deficits, and irritability, are considered more important than potential dependence. On the other hand, CBD has shown anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, analgesic, and anticancer effects. However, CBD has very low affinity (in the micromolar range) for the CB1 receptor, as well as for the CB2 receptor, and its underlying mechanism remains obscure. In this review, we demonstrate that THC induces abnormal behavior such as catalepsy-like immobilization, spatial memory impairment, and high and low sensitivity to ultrasonic vocalization after an aversive air-puff stimulus. Moreover, we demonstrate that THC and CBD improve brain injury in middle cerebral artery occlusion in a mouse model through different mechanisms. These findings suggest the need to discuss the recent development of “THC and CBD pharmacology” in animal studies, as well as the utility and risk of various cannabis components in humans.

著者

丸山 徹 入江 圭 森山 祥平 深田 光敬

出版者

一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会

雑誌

心電図 (ISSN:02851660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.111-117, 2017-07-06 (Released:2018-04-16)

参考文献数

19

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QRS波の終末部に記録されるJ波は,近年,特発性心室細動との関連が指摘されている.しかし,この波形が遅延脱分極波であるのか,早期再分極波であるのかについては,いまだ議論が多い.J波がアスリートに多く見られ,アスリートの心臓では乳頭筋の肥大や肉柱化,仮性腱索を認めやすいことから,J波とこれらの心内構造物との関連も指摘されている.乳頭筋や仮性腱索にはPurkinje線維が豊富で,心室筋への伝導が遅延して(PV delay),心室不整脈の基質となる場合がある.また,J波と心室遅延電位の関係性も指摘されており,これらはJ波が遅延脱分極成分であることを示唆する.一方,多くの基礎研究は,J波が早期再分極波であることを支持している.また,正常な貫壁性の心室興奮は,心内膜側から心外膜側へ向かうが,肉柱化した乳頭筋はこれを修飾して,反対側の心室壁が早期興奮症候群に近い興奮伝播を呈するようになる(ミニデルタ波).これは,早期興奮症候群でも認めやすいJ波は,早期に興奮を終了した部分から再分極も早期化して生じるためと考えられる.J波が脱分極成分であるか,再分極成分であるかを知るためには,これらの心内構造物の興奮伝播様式や心室全体の興奮との関連を明らかにすることが不可欠である.

著者

中野 貴文 中村 智美 仲村 佳彦 入江 圭一 佐藤 啓介 松尾 宏一 今給黎 修 緒方 憲太郎 三島 健一 神村 英利

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.7, pp.909-916, 2017-07-01 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

3 4

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Warfarin (WF) shows a number of interactions with other drugs, which alter its anticoagulant effects. The albumin binding interaction is one such pharmacokinetic mechanism of drug interaction with WF, which induces a rise in the free WF concentration and thus increases the risk of WF toxicity. Teicoplanin (TEIC) is an anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug, which also binds strongly to albumin in the plasma. Therefore, co-administration of TEIC may displace WF from the albumin binding site, and possibly result in a toxicity. The present study was performed to investigate the drug-drug interaction between WF and TEIC in comparison with controls treated with vancomycin (VCM), which has the same spectrum of activity as TEIC but a lower albumin binding ratio.The records of 49 patients treated with WF and TEIC or VCM at Fukuoka University Hospital between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. These 49 patients consisted of 18 treated with TEIC in combination with WF, while 31 received VCM in combination with WF. Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) showed a significant increase of 80.9 (52.0-155.3) % after co-administration of TEIC with WF. In contrast, the rate of PT-INR elevation associated with VCM plus WF was 30.6 (4.5-44.1) %. These observations suggested that TEIC can cause a rise in free WF concentration by albumin binding interaction. Therefore, careful monitoring of PT-INR elevation is necessary in patients receiving WF plus TEIC.