著者

八藤後 猛 田中 賢

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.39, pp.663-666, 2012-06-20 (Released:2012-06-20)

参考文献数

5

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This study shows when wheelchairs and baby carriages begin to move at a gentle slope in a certain angle of inclination. We used a swing road to experiment with wheelchairs and baby carriages for an angle of inclination to see when they begin to move.Results of Experiment:1. Wheelchairs and baby carriages will not move if the frame sat down cross position from incline.2. If the frame is moved in the direction of the incline, the angle of 1-2 degrees begins the wheelchair to move downward and 2-3 degrees for baby carriage.

著者

蓑輪 裕子 八藤後 猛

出版者

一般社団法人日本福祉のまちづくり学会

雑誌

福祉のまちづくり研究 (ISSN:13458973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, 2013-07-15

著者

八藤後 猛 野村 歡

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.488, pp.159-164, 1996-10-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 2

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Researched the usage of Hoists, Table lift, Stair lift, and Home elevator used in homes. Recognized that those equipments not only reduce the physical workload of a family, but also help reduce the mental burden of both a disabled person and his or her family. Those are used in daily life and improve the quality of life. However, since the houses must be remodeled to install those equipments, most user currently own their own houses. Therefore, it is difficult for the people who need these to install immediately. Also, the number of accident while using those machines is low, and no serious accident has occurred. Yet most people worry about the safety of using those machines, except home elevators, so better safety measures for those are required in the future.

著者

牟田 聡子 八藤後 猛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.742, pp.3051-3060, 2017 (Released:2017-12-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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Past studies, including “Ken Yokoi: Fundamental Investigation of Evaluating Method of Safety in Building During Childcare” (2011), and “Mai Kanto: A fundamental study on living environment preparation for the life difficulty of a pregnant woman” (2004), have reported regarding accidents that occur during pregnancy and the difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADL) but have not examined the causes of accidents. We first identified the types of accidents that occur during pregnancy and then examined the difficulties in performing ADL. Furthermore, to identify physical changes in pregnant women, we examined abdominal circumference (AC) and body weight. We also evaluated the relationship between physical changes and domestic accidents, as well as ADL, to clarify where accidents occur inside and outside of the home and how accidents can be attributed to physical changes. The survey included 490 women aged 20-44 years who were at 12 to 39 weeks' gestation. The women were categorized in seven groups at 4-week increments of pregnancy, with 70 women per group. Accidents experienced within 1 month of the survey date were considered. The main survey items were subject attributes (age, week of pregnancy, body weight, and AC). Thirty items were regarding difficulty in performing ADL (21 items for ADL performed at home and 9 for ADL performed outside of the home) and 50 items were regarding accidents (37 items for accidents occurring at home and 13 for those occurring out-side of the home). Our survey results revealed the following five findings. 1. The relationship among body weight changes, difficulty in performing ADL, and accidents experienced Women who gained more weight compared with their pre-pregnancy weight experienced a higher number of accidents or events predictive of accidents. However, no relationship was observed between difficulty in performing ADL and accidents experienced. 2. The relationship among AC change, difficulty in performing ADL, and accidents experienced As AC increased with the duration of pregnancy, the difficulty in performing ADL increased. However, although the rates of accidents and events predictive of accidents were high when AC was 80-89 cm (20-32 weeks' gestation), the rate of accident somewhat decreased as AC further increased. 3. Accident correlations For pregnant women who experienced accidents while “open and close the entrance door,” and “ascending/descending the front step,” as well as events predictive of accidents, other accidents could be predicted based on the details of such experiences owing to a marked correlation found with other accidents within the home. 4. Correlations with accidents according to changes in body weight and AC Again, women who gained more weight during pregnancy compared with their pre-pregnancy weight experienced a higher number of accidents or events predictive of accidents. As AC increased from 70-79 cm to 80-89 cm with the progression of pregnancy, the number of accidents increased, showing a strong correlation. However, as AC increased from 80-89 cm to 90- cm, the number of accidents decreased. 5. Locations of accidents according to changes in body weight and AC Accidents that tend to occur as AC increases include “<Collide> Kitchen: Cook” and “<Collide> Outside: Walk in a crowd.” Therefore, accidents commonly occur in places where the abdomen is more likely to bump into objects. Furthermore, the fact that a large number of women experienced events predictive of accidents indicates that accidents tend to occur when performing ADL while standing, such as “<Trip and fall down/Fall on the rear> Bathroom: Wash hair and body (while standing).”

著者

牟田 聡子 八藤後 猛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.769, pp.473-483, 2020 (Released:2020-03-30)

参考文献数

11

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The authors previously reported results of a survey aimed at learning the background and causes of accidents or near accidents experienced by pregnant women. They found that accidents or near accidents among pregnant women were likely to occur from the 20th through 32th weeks of pregnancy or when there was substantial weight gain. This study investigated further details about environments at time of accidents or near accidents occurred based on the findings reported in the previous paper. We conducted a survey about pregnant women’s change in the body and their awareness of physiological changes due to pregnancy to determine reasons for accidents or near accidents. And the purpose was to explore cause of accidents or near accidents. First, Body Mass Index (BMI) was analyzed to assess the pregnant women’s pre-pregnant habitus. The results (N = 116) found that 72.4% of the women had normal body weights (BMI between 18.5 and 25.0) and 22.8% of the women had low body weights (lean type) (BMI less than 18.5). Then, the relationships between pre-pregnant habitus and post-pregnant body weight and abdominal circumference (AC) were investigated by pregnant period. We found that no significant relationship was found between weight gain, weight loss, or AC with the habitus. It was found that pregnant women tended to become aware of physiological changes as their pregnancies progressed, particularly in the lower part of the abdomen, and the extent of that awareness increased as the pregnancy progressed. Next, we learned the specific locations of accidents or near accidents in the house. We found that the extent of awareness of physiological changes was related as the cause of the events. The pregnant women who experienced accidents or near accidents tended to believe that these events had occurred because they lacked awareness of their physiological changes. The most frequent type of accident or near accident in the pregnant women’s houses was a fall down, which comprised 55.9% (N = 127) of all the accidents or near accidents. Falls most frequently occurred while descending stairs (26.0%, N = 127). In addition, the physical damage caused by falls was greater than the extent of damage caused by other types of accidents. The living room was the second most common place that accidents occurred (17.3%, N = 127). We assumed the living room was a frequent place where accidents or near accidents occurred because it often is used for multiple purposes, such as a child's playroom, the family’s common leisure place, and an indoor laundry area. In sum, pregnant women's accidents or near accidents were related to their physiological changes, particularly their habitus change and the rate of change. Regarding this finding, the period from the 6th to the 7th month of pregnancy was previously found to be the period when the habitus most significantly changed compared to pre-pregnancy (data from a retrospective study). When we examined the relationship between that finding and the numbers of accidents or near accidents in our study, a similar tendency was observed. In other words, the pregnant women were likely to experience accidents or near accidents between the 6th and 7th month when they were not fully aware of habitus changes. After the 7th month, the numbers of accidents or near accidents decreased as the women gradually became aware of their physiological changes.

著者

植田 瑞昌 八藤後 猛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.750, pp.1447-1457, 2018 (Released:2018-08-30)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 2

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Independent excretion requires disabled children to acquire communication ability and the ability to maintain posture throughout the process of growth. These efforts require a combination of medical care, rehabilitation and education. However, under the current circumstances, teaching and training for excretion are provided at hospitals, rehabilitation facilities or schools when they are not given under home conditions. Further, the need for the development of changing excretion environments along with the growth of disabled children is not referred to. No studies have been found that address these issues as well as appropriate excretion environments based on the stages of growth or development of disabled children from the perspective of architectural planning studies. Consequently, the objective of our studies is to highlight the current situations and environments of excretion among disabled children and the actual conditions of the development of excretion environments based on the stages of growth or development of disabled children (physical/intellectual ability). We conducted a survey using a questionnaire and obtained responses from 729 disabled children. We classified the disabled children based on the physical or excretion conditions into groups that share similar difficulties in terms of excretion environments and analyzed them group by group. Our survey revealed the following: 1. Some disabled children use diapers in spite of no excretion disability. If children have difficulties going to the toilet owing to reason of physical functions, housing environments need to be developed from the perspective of caregivers who assist disabled children with moving. 2. The development of excretion environments would enable disabled children to excrete or change diapers at the toilet. Even though disabled children use diapers at their houses, they would be able to excrete at the toilet using assistance tools or toilet bowls of various shapes at rehabilitation facilities or schools. The development of excretion environments at houses which allow disabled children to excrete without help is needed. 3. Few houses have sufficient excretion environments. Information on how to develop environments at houses or subsidy housing is lacking. 4. Excretion environments at public toilets away from home are highly unsuitable. That they have no table for adults to change children's diapers suggests they do not assume use by disabled children. 5. Children with severe intellectual disability such as sound hypersensitivity, allotriophagy or coprophilia have different issues from physically disabled children with respect to the development of excretion environments.

著者

野村 歡 八藤後 猛 田中 賢

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. E-2, 建築計画II, 住居・住宅地, 農村計画, 教育 (ISSN:13414526)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, pp.353-354, 1997-07-30