著者
兼子 歩
出版者
ジェンダー史学会
雑誌
ジェンダー史学 (ISSN:18804357)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, pp.5-18, 2007 (Released:2011-11-01)
参考文献数
49

Lynchings and race riots symbolize the most offensive and tragic aspect of racism in the American South at the turn of the 20th century. Many historians and sociologists have researched the motivations behind lynching in American history and discovered complicated political, social and economic contexts for this phenomenon. Yet, however significant these contributions may be toward deepening our understanding of lynching, they tend to focus excessively on the cause of lynching, thereby ignoring the truly unique characteristics of lynching.This essay pays less attention to the causes of lynching than to the effects of the actions of lynchers and the discourses produced by those who justified lynching of black people. In casting light on the Black Rapist Myth, in which black men were considered to be growing more brutally lustful toward white women and more inclined to rape them, we can discover complex effects of lynching practices in terms of gender, sexuality, race and class.The Black Rapist discourse functioned in four ways: to justify disenfranchisement of African- American citizens; to terrorize and drive a dividing wedge into the solidarity of the Black community; to elevate white women onto the pedestal of "white chastity and purity," thereby containing them within the regime of white patriarchal supremacy; and to undermine interracially cooperative political and social movements such as the Readjusters, the Greenback-Labor Party, the Knights of Labor and the Populists.The discourse of the Black Rapist and lynching suggests that gender and sexuality historically interact with other socially constructed categories such as race and class. Further, the Black Rapist Myth implies that gender and sexuality are truly constitutive of racial formations in American history.
著者
林 博史 小野沢 あかね 吉見 義明 兼子 歩
出版者
関東学院大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2014-04-01

日本軍「慰安婦」制度と米軍の性売買政策・性暴力の比較研究をおこなうことを目的として本研究をおこなった。米国や英国などの公文書館や図書館などにおいて、関連史料を多数収集することができた。また各国の研究者との研究交流をおこない、研究協力のネットワークも作ることができた。こうした研究活動を通じて、日本軍のケースと米軍のケースについてその相違についてかなり把握できるようになってきた。同時に、日本軍「慰安婦」制度を世界史のなかで位置づけるためには日米比較だけでは不十分であり、欧州や韓国を含めて国際比較が必要であることも強く認識するようになった。