著者

入江 彰昭 原田 佐貴 内田 均 竹内 将俊 Teruaki Irie Saki Harada Hitoshi Uchida Masatoshi Takeuchi

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.9-18, 2020-06-29

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本研究は,宮城県・岩手県において数百年以上の間,持続的なマネジメントによって維持されてきた屋敷林「居久根(いぐね)」の多面的機能性,特に居久根の植栽構成の工夫と生活文化的価値,防風効果の価値,および鳥類の生息環境としての価値を明らかにした。1)居久根の竹類を除いた樹木構成は針葉樹7割,常緑広葉樹2割,落葉広葉樹1割であった。居久根の北西側に枝葉の細かいスギやアスナロなど常緑針葉樹を多数植栽することで防風効果を高めると同時にこれらの樹種は建築材として活用され,スギ下に植えられたタケ類は防風用として,かつ農業・漁業の道具として活用されていた。潮風に強いヤブツバキやマサキ,湿地帯に適応したハンノキを植栽する工夫がみられた。2)居久根の内外の気象データの解析から,居久根は冬季の季節風を7-9割減速させ,居久根内の母屋に安定した居住環境をもたらしていることを明らかにした。さらに3次元GISとCFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)による風況解析シミュレーションによって居久根の防風効果と風の流れを可視化することで,減速域が風下側に約100 m以上の距離にまで広がっていることがわかった。3)冬季鳥類の生息環境としての居久根の機能を明らかにするため,水田域内の農地,居久根が含まれる水田域内の農地,丘陵樹林地の異なる3つの環境を対象に調査した。その結果,居久根が含まれる農地で31種が確認され,地点当たりの確認種数は水田域内の農地よりも多く,居久根は樹林内や林縁を好む種の生息場所として機能していた。今日の大災害時代の我が国においてグリーンインフラとしての多面的機能性を有する居久根は,気候変動の緩和と適応や災害に対するレジリエンスをはじめ,屋敷林文化の価値,野生動物の生息場所の提供,故郷の風景の再生や愛郷心に大いに貢献できると考えられる。

著者

内田 均

出版者

英米文化学会

雑誌

英米文化 (ISSN:09173536)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.149-167, 2006-03-31

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Victorian Romance Emma, a Japanese anime TV-series adaptation of the manga from Kaoru Mori, has at least two basic backgrounds: One is a cultural preference for traditional occidental fiction such as Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater TV animation series of adaptations of classic children's books, second is a business plan made under the media mix strategy involving game software, comics, light novels and other related products. The anime set in late 19th century London adopts relatively modest directing in visual style, which is in contrast to most of character-centered, action-packed animes in recent years. From the viewpoint of visual media, the chief attraction for this anime is the challenge of recreating the atmosphere, the people and places as authentically as possible. It portrays the barriers of class and wealth, which are enhanced by realistic physical representation, including various kinds of women's clothes like maid servant's outfits, a dirty apron, Victorian ladies dresses, or a tight corset. Gorgeous costumes and upperclass life suggest the conspicuous consumption of Victorian society, while the portrait of a humble heroine and the gentle characters around her might obscure the exploitation of low-wage labor. Its historical accounts or accuracy can be thought-provoking and encourage the viewers to reflect on their own sexual and political repression. However, the recognition that characters represented by anime or manga have a different verisimilitude from ones by live-action films, also leads them to assimilate other types of consuming visual images, especially of women. The effects of Emma will necessarily be complex and indirect, whereas commercial purposes inherent in many visual media would put Emma in another context, far from Victorian society. This paper will examine the aspects of consuming physical representation through Emma and wide range of simulated bodies including maid servants that have been rooted in Japanese pop culture.

著者

湯田 ミノリ 伊藤 悟 内田 均 木津 吉永 伊東 純也

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.2, pp.341-353, 2008-04-25

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 4

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The use of GIS in education in Japan has not yet been widely diffused, although the computer and network environments of schools have been improved, and teachers have already recognized the characteristics and advantages of this tool in education.<br> Nowadays, GIS has been intergraded into many aspects of our lives. Mobile phones are also basic tools in our daily lives. A GIS application that runs on cellular phones would be helpful in school education.<br> From this point of view, the authors have developed a system called Cellular Phone GIS including a GIS application for mobile phone (hereinafter Cell Phone GIS Application) and its web-based GIS viewer application for PC using Google maps (hereinafter PC viewer), and carried out fieldwork at an upper secondary school using these tools. Data can be input and edited outdoors with the Cell Phone GIS Application. These data can be viewed on both cellular phones and personal computers via the Internet. Students carried out a land use survey in the area around the school with the Cell Phone GIS Application, and examined and presented the results using the PC viewer in class.<br> Students participated actively in the fieldwork with the cellular phone. Through experience of the survey with the tool, they found many new things and learned to adopt multi-dimensional points of view and ways of thinking. Also, this project generated more interest among students in geography classes.<br> The Cell Phone GIS Application provided high school students with a feeling of accomplishment from the fieldwork. Meanwhile, this tool and PC viewer minimized work after fieldwork because users do not have to input and aggregate data again. Therefore, teachers and students can use course hours efficiently. The Cellular Phone GIS can provide an environment in which students are able to receive educational effects from fieldwork.

著者

湯田 ミノリ 伊藤 悟 内田 均 木津 吉永 伊東 純也

出版者

東京地学協会 = Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地學雜誌 = Journal of geography (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.2, pp.341-353, 2008-01-01

被引用文献数

4

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金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系The use of GIS in education in Japan has not yet been widely diffused, although the computer and network environments of schools have been improved, and teachers have already recognized the characteristics and advantages of this tool in education.  Nowadays, GIS has been intergraded into many aspects of our lives. Mobile phones are also basic tools in our daily lives. A GIS application that runs on cellular phones would be helpful in school education.  From this point of view, the authors have developed a system called Cellular Phone GIS including a GIS application for mobile phone (hereinafter Cell Phone GIS Application) and its web-based GIS viewer application for PC using Google maps (hereinafter PC viewer), and carried out fieldwork at an upper secondary school using these tools. Data can be input and edited outdoors with the Cell Phone GIS Application. These data can be viewed on both cellular phones and personal computers via the Internet. Students carried out a land use survey in the area around the school with the Cell Phone GIS Application, and examined and presented the results using the PC viewer in class.  Students participated actively in the fieldwork with the cellular phone. Through experience of the survey with the tool, they found many new things and learned to adopt multi-dimensional points of view and ways of thinking. Also, this project generated more interest among students in geography classes.  The Cell Phone GIS Application provided high school students with a feeling of accomplishment from the fieldwork. Meanwhile, this tool and PC viewer minimized work after fieldwork because users do not have to input and aggregate data again. Therefore, teachers and students can use course hours efficiently. The Cellular Phone GIS can provide an environment in which students are able to receive educational effects from fieldwork.

著者

入江 彰昭 原田 佐貴 内田 均 竹内 将俊 Teruaki Irie Saki Harada Hitoshi Uchida Masatoshi Takeuchi

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.9-18, 2020-06-29

---

本研究は,宮城県・岩手県において数百年以上の間,持続的なマネジメントによって維持されてきた屋敷林「居久根(いぐね)」の多面的機能性,特に居久根の植栽構成の工夫と生活文化的価値,防風効果の価値,および鳥類の生息環境としての価値を明らかにした。1)居久根の竹類を除いた樹木構成は針葉樹7割,常緑広葉樹2割,落葉広葉樹1割であった。居久根の北西側に枝葉の細かいスギやアスナロなど常緑針葉樹を多数植栽することで防風効果を高めると同時にこれらの樹種は建築材として活用され,スギ下に植えられたタケ類は防風用として,かつ農業・漁業の道具として活用されていた。潮風に強いヤブツバキやマサキ,湿地帯に適応したハンノキを植栽する工夫がみられた。2)居久根の内外の気象データの解析から,居久根は冬季の季節風を7-9割減速させ,居久根内の母屋に安定した居住環境をもたらしていることを明らかにした。さらに3次元GISとCFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)による風況解析シミュレーションによって居久根の防風効果と風の流れを可視化することで,減速域が風下側に約100 m以上の距離にまで広がっていることがわかった。3)冬季鳥類の生息環境としての居久根の機能を明らかにするため,水田域内の農地,居久根が含まれる水田域内の農地,丘陵樹林地の異なる3つの環境を対象に調査した。その結果,居久根が含まれる農地で31種が確認され,地点当たりの確認種数は水田域内の農地よりも多く,居久根は樹林内や林縁を好む種の生息場所として機能していた。今日の大災害時代の我が国においてグリーンインフラとしての多面的機能性を有する居久根は,気候変動の緩和と適応や災害に対するレジリエンスをはじめ,屋敷林文化の価値,野生動物の生息場所の提供,故郷の風景の再生や愛郷心に大いに貢献できると考えられる。Homestead trees and hedges, known as "Igune", have been a feature of the traditional rural landscape in the Miyagi and Iwate prefectures for at least 400 years. We evaluated the green infrastructure value of the multiple benefits provided by Igune. In particular, we concentrated on the cultural and lifestyle values, windbreak effects, and habitat for forest and forest-edge living birds. Our findings show that 1) conifer trees account for about 70% of Igune trees, evergreen broadleaved trees for about 20% and deciduous broadleaved trees for about 10% of all Igune tree types, excluding bamboos. Fine foliaged conifer trees such as Cryptomeria japonica were found to be planted on the northwest side of the Igune to enhance windbreak effects and for use in building materials. Bamboos were also planted to serve as windbreaks under the Cryptomeria japonica and are used for making agricultural and fishery implements. Camellia japonica and Euonymus japonicus are particularly robust against onshore winds, and the wetland-adapted Alnus japonica is a common Igune tree in wetter areas and is planted to improve poor soils. We found that farmers' wisdom and techniques combine to make the most of species characteristics whilst helping preserve and reinforce traditional lifestyles and cultural values. 2) Igune homestead trees, shrubs and hedgerows provide effective windbreaks : winter wind speeds were found to be reduced by 70-90%, creating a stable and habitable residential area within the bounds of the Igune. Wind dynamics were simulated by three-dimensional GIS and CFD analysis. We found that the reduced wind speed area extended more than 100 m on the leeward side of the Igune. 3) We compared bird species richness, individual abundance and species diversity index among three landscape habitats including open paddy fields, paddy fields where Igune trees and shrubs were present, and forest. These habitat types differed significantly with respect to bird species richness and diversity index. Forest and paddy fields having Igune both had higher species richness than the open paddy fields, but no significant differences in mean bird abundance were found between the habitats. These results suggets that Igune provide habitat for some forest-living birds. The green infrastructure of Igune homestead trees can clearly contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and delivers simultaneous cultural, traditional, and biodiversity co-benefits, which together can support the regeneration of regional landscape identities.

著者

養父 志乃夫 内田 均 萩原 信弘 石川 格

出版者

社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

造園雑誌 (ISSN:03877248)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.208-214, 1990-01-25 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

1

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ニワゼキショウの群生地の形成手法を確立するため, 種子の発芽と生育習性, および刈取り抵抗性を調べた。その結果, 種子の発芽には光の照射が要求され, 発芽適温が15~20℃ にあった。花期は5~11月で, 葉は常緑に近い性質を持ち, 主に, 4~9月は地下部の養分と地上での生産養分によって, 地上部の栄養と繁殖成長を行い, 9~11月に生産養分を地下部に蓄積した。2週毎刈取りでは枯死し, 群生地形成における最適下刈り頻度は4週毎であった。

著者

内田 均 萩原 信弘

出版者

社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

造園雑誌 (ISSN:03877248)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.91-96, 1988-03-31 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 1

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オオムラサキ・サツキのツツジ類を用いて, 翌年の観賞に耐えうる勢定時期の限界を実験的に検証した。 ツツジ類の着蕾率は, 勢定の有無・勢定部位・勢定時期に大きく影響される。 今年枝の舅定ではオオムラサキは花後10週目までに, サツキは花後5週目までに, 前年枝の勢定では両種ともに花後直後が, サツキの今年枝のみの浅い刈込みでは10週目までに, 前年枝も含めた深い刈込みでは花後4週目までに実施すればよいことが判明した。