著者

北村 和夫

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.187-199,en312, 1984-09-30 (Released:2011-03-18)

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Among the criticisms of the overheated competition of entrance exams, the most frequent and, perhaps, severest one is that the examinees' choice of their target is exclusively determined by “hensachi”(i.e., the deviation values of the marks of the pre-tests conducted by some preparatory schools or examination companies). Actually, however, the dependence on “hensachi” among examinees seems to have been accelerated.The reason for this phenomenon is that “hensachi” is, overtly or covertly, supported by the values which Japanese have shared and approved, and it is upon these values that they have modernized their country.In this paper, three important values are chosen for examination: competition, equalityandrationalization.As Hobbes elucidated, modern human relations are based on the fact that individuals gain satisfaction when they feel superior to others. This competitive relation is approved by the modern personality. For such modern human relations, “hensachi” is a suitable mediator, because, indicating only relative superiority, it is in accordance with the very principle of competition in modern society.The principle of equality is acknowledged in modern society. But it should be noted that there is a difference between “equality in starting point”(the equality of opportunity) and “equality in result”(substantial equality). Only the former fits in with the principle of competition.In Japan, the demand for equality has converged on the demand for the equality of opportunity, which justifies the inequality in result, and which, accordingly, sanctifies the severity of competition in passing the entrance exams.Modern capitalism promotes the formal rationality, “calculability”, to the maximum extent, as Weber explained. With its precise calculation, “hensachi” indicates to an examinee the most highly-ranked school whose entrance exam he/she can supposedly pass. In this sense, “hensachi” is a perfect tool for rationalization.Thus, it can be said that “hensachi” is in conformity with the modern social values appreciated by Japanese; in other words, people themselves support “hensachi” without knowing it. Therefore, in order to cease dependence on. “hensachi”, we must examine modern values and, more essentially, the quality of our modern lives.

著者

勝海 一郎 山崎 孝子 都築 民幸 北村 和夫 石井 隆資 前田 宗宏 小倉 陽子 好士 連太郎 阿川 透久 宮里 尚幸 大島 克郎 大村 朋己 丸山 博吉 木津喜 美香 小山 征哉 遠藤 春江

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本歯科保存学会

雑誌

日本歯科保存学雑誌 (ISSN:03872343)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.846-853, 2006

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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On 6 types of Ni-Ti spreader (Roeko NiTi # 15; Roeko NiTi # 25; Roeko NiTi # 35; Roeko NiTi D11T; Brasseler Naviflex NT D11T; Brasseler Naviflex NT 4SP), dimensions were measured under digital microscope, and a load application test was performed in the axial direction of the spreader. The results were as follows: 1. In Roeko NiTi # 15, D₃ was 0.38 mm, D₁₆ was 0.61 mm, taper was 0.018, and tip angle was 28.9°. Similarly, the above values were 0.32 mm, 0.68 mm, 0.027, and 28.0° respectively in Roeko NiTi # 25. The values were 0.50 mm, 0.70 mm, 0.016, and 32.5° respectively in Roeko NiTi # 35, and the values were 0.37 mm, 0.88 mm, 0.039, and 10.6° respectively in Roeko NiTi D11T. The values were 0.27 mm, 0.77 mm, 0.038, and 29.9° respectively in Brasseler Naviflex NT D11T, and 0.30 mm, 1.06 mm, 0.059, and 35.9° respectively in Brasseler Naviflex NT 4SP. 2. When a load was applied in the axial direction of the spreader, the load was 0.56 kgf in case the portion of 16 mm in length from the tip in Roeko NiTi # 15 was bent at a stroke. When the portion of 5 mm in length from the tip was fixed and the portion of 11 mm in length from the tip was bent at a stroke, the load was 4.32 kgf. The above values were 1.13 kgf and 7.52 kgf respectively in Roeko NiTi # 25, 1.24 kgf and 8.58 kgf in Roeko NiTi # 35, 0.82 kgf and 10.28 kgf in Roeko NiTi D11T, 0.63 kgf and 7.27 kgf in Brasseler Naviflex NT D11t, and 1.02 kgf and 17.61 kgf in Brasseler Naviflex NT 4SP. 3. The Ni-Ti spreader has super-elasticity and is flexible. Thus, it is difficult to apply pressure on it in the axial direction, during lateral condensation. However, this study revealed that sudden bending may be avoided if at least the tip portion of 5 mm in length from the tip is inserted into the root canal.

著者

北村和夫 木ノ本喜史 佐藤暢也 澤田則宏編著

出版者

ヒョーロン・パブリッシャーズ

巻号頁・発行日

2015

著者

北村和夫 貞光謙一郎編集委員

出版者

デンタルダイヤモンド社

巻号頁・発行日

2014

著者

北村 和夫

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.187-199, 1984-09-30