著者

南 貴子

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR GENDER STUDIES

雑誌

日本ジェンダー研究 (ISSN:18841619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, no.8, pp.43-56, 2005-09-01 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

50

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In recent years, there are various kinds of issues related to families, such as increase in the number of divorces, people who choose to remain single, and the decline in the number of children. People are now reconsidering the family which they had been accustomed to, and searching for new family styles. In this article, a new family style will be considered from the perspective of lesbian mothers. Lesbianheaded families are distinct from traditional heterosexual families and have not been fully accepted by society. Regardless of such circumstances, lesbian mothers, stigmatized as being “inappropriate mothers, ” are making their own families. What kinds of people are lesbian mothers? What kinds of relationships do they have with their children? What kinds of prejudice do they confront? Above all, what kinds of families are they aiming to be? To research their experiences would reveal some problems hidden in the traditional family system, such as patriarchy and heterosexism. Families seem to keep on changing dynamically as each person starts to strive for their own family style and challenge the notion of “the family.”

著者

南 貴子

出版者

日本生命倫理学会

雑誌

生命倫理 (ISSN:13434063)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.40-48, 2018-09-29 (Released:2019-08-01)

参考文献数

20

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オーストラリア・ビクトリア州において、2017年11月29日にVoluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2017(自発的幇助自死法案)が議会を通過し、2019年6月19日までに施行されることになった。ビクトリア州に住む18歳以上の成人で、意思決定能力があり、余命6か月以内の末期患者に対して、自ら命を絶つために医師に致死薬を要請する権利が認められる。オーストラリアでは、北部準州において1995年に世界で初めての「医師による患者の積極的安楽死並びに自殺幇助」を認める安楽死法Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995(終末期患者の権利法) が成立したが、施行後9か月で無効となった。その後20年の歳月を経て、ビクトリア州で幇助自死を認める安楽死法がオーストラリアで唯一成立したことになる。 Andrews政権が「世界で最も安全で最も抑制のきいたモデル」と評するビクトリア州の「自発的幇助自死 法」の成立と特徴について、そのセーフガードに焦点を当てつつ、他国の安楽死・幇助自死法との比較も踏まえながら分析する。

著者

南 貴子 Takako Minami

出版者

香川県立保健医療大学

雑誌

香川県立保健医療大学雑誌 = Journal of Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences (ISSN:18841872)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.19-27, 2022-03-18

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オーストラリアでは,2017 年にビクトリア州で安楽死を認める「自発的幇助自死法(Voluntary Assisted Dying Act )」が成立した.2019 年には,西オーストラリア州において,さらに2021 年には,タスマニア州と南オーストラリア州においても同様の法律が成立した.それらの法律(以下VAD法と総称する)では,各州に住む18 歳以上で,意思決定能力があり,耐え難い苦痛を抱える,余命の限られた末期患者に対して,自ら命を絶つために医師に致死薬を要請する権利が認められる. 1995 年には,オーストラリア・北部準州において,世界で初めて「医師による患者の積極的安楽死並びに自殺幇助」を認めるRights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 (NT)(ROTTIA )が制定された.しかし,ROTTIA を無効にする連邦法Euthanasia Laws Act 1997 (Cth) の成立によって,施行後9 か月でその効力を失った.その後,多くの安楽死法案が各州の議会に提出されたが,議会を通過しなかった.ROTTIA の無効後,20 年を経てビクトリア州でVAD 法が成立した. ビクトリア州では,患者本人による致死薬の自己投与を原則とすること,意思決定能力を持っていること,医師から自発的幇助自死(VAD)についての話を始めるのを禁じることなど,厳しい制限が設けられた.本稿では,オーストラリアの4 州で成立したVAD法の特徴を比較分析し,VAD の法制化の進展と法制化に伴う課題を明らかにする. In Australia, the state of Victoria passed the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act (“VAD Act ”) in 2017, which allows terminally ill patients to avail of physician-assisted death using a lethal substance. Victoria’s enactment of the law was followed by the passage of similar laws in states of Western Australia in 2019, and Tasmania and South Australia in 2021. According to each state’s VAD legislation, if one has decision-making capacity regarding VAD and is suffering intolerably from an advanced and progressive medical condition expected to cause death within the prescribed timeframe, residents 18 years and older are allowed the right to access VAD. In 1995, the Northern Territory of Australia was the first in the world to legislate the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 (NT) “( ROTTIA”), which allows physician-assisted voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide. However, it was in effect only for nine months until the Commonwealth’s enactment of the Euthanasia Laws Act 1997 (Cth) nullified the territory’s legislation on VAD. After two decades and numerous unsuccessful attempts by each state to pass the VAD legislation since the invalidation of ROTTIA , Victoria finally passed its VAD Act . Victoria’s VAD Act establishes rigorous safeguards, including the requirement of patient’s selfadministration of the lethal substance by default, sound decision-making capacity as the eligibility criteria, and prohibition of medical practitioners from initiating discussion about VAD with their patients. This paper clarifies the legislative progress and the issues surrounding VAD legislation in Australia through a comparative analysis of the characteristics of VAD legal systems in the four Australian states.

著者

南 貴子

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.22-32, 2014 (Released:2018-02-01)

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With the development of assisted reproductive technology (ART), the number of families having children through donor conception is increasing. In Japan, there is no overall legislation regulating ART, but many offspring have already been born through donor insemination. Because of the condition of donor anonymity, they do not have the right to know their origin. Overseas, the number of jurisdictions abolishing donor anonymity and allowing offspring the right to know their origin is increasing, but even in those jurisdictions, offspring born before the enforcement of legislation are not guaranteed the right to access information about their donors. By reference to the case of Victoria, Australia, this paper analyzes the issues concerning legislation on offspring’s retrospective right to know their origin. The Victorian Law Reform Committee tabled its report in March 2012 recommending that the Victorian Government retrospectively allow donor-conceived offspring to obtain identifying information about their donors. In response to this recommendation, the Victorian Government carried out a further investigation of the opinions of past donors and gave its final response in August 2013, stating that offspring would be allowed to know their donor’s identity only with the consent of their respective donors. By analyzing the responses of society, especially those of donors who had donated their gametes under the condition of anonymity, the problems underlying the introduction of legislation allowing offspring the retrospective right to know their origin are discussed from the perspective of conflict and balance among the rights of offspring, parents and donors.

著者

南 貴子 小原 敏郎 武藤 安子

出版者

社団法人日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.12, pp.807-817, 2006-12-15

被引用文献数

3 4

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The first purpose of this study is to find out the family lifestyle during the period of Childbirth Satogaeri which means return to or stay at mother's old home or her parents' home after childbirth. The second is to investigate the relationship between Childbirth Satogaeri and mother's feeling toward child care. The third is to investigate the relationship between Childbirth Satogaeri and the child care support to mother after childbirth. A graph scale was used as it enables objective observations. Responses to the questionnaire were obtained from 141 mothers. The main results are as follows: 1) The amount of housework decreased on the part of mother during the period of Childbirth Satogaeri, but it increased on the part of her mother. In other words, the female members of any family are responsible for much of the housework. 2) After Childbirth Satogaeri, an increase of housework affected negatively mother's efficacy of child care and her affirmative feeling toward the baby. 3) Whether or not mother experiences Childbirth Satogaeri, her near relatives play an important role in child care support when the baby is around four months old.