文献一覧: 吉田省子 (著者)

2 0 0 0 OA 食品安全行政の制度に組み込まれたリスクコミュニケーションディスコミュニケーションの新たな要因と消費者団体が直面する問題

著者: 吉田省子
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.19, pp.109-124, 2021-05-20 (Released:2022-05-21)
参考文献数: 51

中島貴子は2004 年に,食品安全委員会のBSEリスクコミュニケーションを検討し,行政や専門家と消費者との間にディスコミュニケーションが存在すると指摘し,その要因を論じた.本稿の目的は二つある.一つは,2004 年と2013 年のBSEリスクコミュニケーションを検討し,別の要因を指摘することである(3 ~4 章).それは,食品安全委員会と憂慮する市民―消費者との間に存在する,リスクコミュニケーションへの期待あるいは解釈の差異である(3 章).その差異は,日本の枠組みでは明示的ではない2 つの概念の不在に関連づけられる.IRGCのリスクガバナンスの枠組みが含む「懸念評価」とコーデックスの「その他の正当な要因(OLFs)」である(4 章). この状況下で消費者団体がリスクコミュニケーションの問題に直面する時,消費者団体は,あたかも自粛するかのように口を閉じてしまう可能性がある.この沈黙という状態を“scienceplanation”という概念を用いて示すのが,第二の目的である(5 章).6 章では,打開策として,ボトムアップでの物語作りの可能性が述べられる.

1 0 0 0 OA 三上直之・立川雅司『「ゲノム編集作物」を話し合う』

著者: 吉田省子
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.18, pp.241-245, 2020-04-30 (Released:2021-04-30)
参考文献数: 6

2022-09-26 14:03:00
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1 0 0 0 OA STSにおけるアクションリサーチを考える第15 回年次研究大会における実行委員会企画ワークショップの議論から

著者: 三上直之吉田省子蔵田伸雄早岡英介永田素彦八木絵香植木哲也川本思心佐々木香織
出版者: 科学技術社会論学会
雑誌: 科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.15, pp.159-170, 2018-11-20 (Released:2019-12-02)
参考文献数: 7

2022-09-26 13:56:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 小惑星と恒星と平山清次 : 稀薄な抵抗物質の塊の中での天体の運動

著者: 吉田省子
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.41, no.224, pp.203-213, 2002 (Released:2021-08-13)

Kiyotsugu Hirayama (1874-1943), who is renowned for his finding of families of asteroids in 1918, had two astronomical interests in addition to the family after his return home from U.S. (1915-1917): the explanation of gaps in the distribution of the mean motion of the asteroids, and the theory of stellar evolution including the origin of binary system and the origin of stellar energy and the mechanism of the periodic variable stars. Although it seemed as if his researches of stellar evolution originated in another interest different from asteroid-researches, certainly it's half-true, all these were interrelated, too. No one states this view. He approached these problems through celestial mechanics. Given resisting particles in the solar system, he considered theoretical effect of resistance on the motion of the asteroids in the librating region. And he speculated the capture theory of the stars that the cloud (mass of resisting particles) in the interstellar space can capture several stars passing through it. He said that his capture theory was naturally connected with the stellar evolution. In short, resisting particles (medium) was his key idea. His capture theory was an extension of the asteroid-researches under the resisting-medium hypothesis. But the theory not only was an extension of asteroid-researches, but also was caused by general interest shared with astronomers at the time. Finally, physical ground of his statement in 1933 that the outbreak of the asteroid families might have occurred after the medium had dissipated, was on his theory of solar system formation based on his capture theory.

2022-09-25 05:50:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 平山清次と鈴木清太郎 : 天文学者の関心に導かれた室内破壊実験

著者: 吉田省子
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.40, no.219, pp.129-136, 2001 (Released:2021-08-16)

Astronomer Kiyotsugu HIRAYAMA (1874-1943), known for his discovery of the families of asteroids in 1918, advocated the explosion theory that any families of asteroids were formed out of the breakup of a single large asteroid. Since, however, he had no decisive astronomical evidence for the theory, he asked experimental physicist Seitaro SUZUKI (1887-1977) to carry out experiments in SUZUKI's laboratory to obtain the data which support the theory. In response, SUZUKI conducted from 1931 1938 a series of experiments to destroy balls (made of sealing wax, clay and chalk) and investigated the relation between the sizes of fragments and their numbers by varying the impulse given to the balls. The destruction of balls was meant to be an analogue of the destruction he assumed of asteroids. Comparing experimental results obtained in the laboratory and the observed SIZE distribution of asteroids, he could only show that the explosion theory for the origin of the asteroids was a little more preferable to the alternative, collision theory. Both HIRAYAMA and SUZUKI had shared common interest in explaining astronomical facts by employing experimental results obtained in laboratories. However on the other hand, there was a small but significant difference in their focal points. Astronomer HIRAYAMA wanted to know specifically the origin of the families of asteroids, while physicist SUZUKI was interested in the origin of asteroids themselves in a broader perspective. In fact, SUZUKI had carried out in 1921, without any astronomical interest, some experiments he conducted in 1930s were motivated by his astronomical interest, they were an exteded version of those earlier experiments.