著者

伊藤 英之 吉田 真理夫 長山 孝彦 脇山 勘治 原田 憲邦 南里 智之

出版者

公益社団法人 砂防学会

雑誌

砂防学会誌 (ISSN:02868385)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.47-53, 2012-05-15 (Released:2015-08-03)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

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Snowmelt-type mudflow is often observed when a pyroclastic flow, surge, blast or a hot-debris avalanche moves over a snow-covered slope. We constructed the experimental equipment to simulate snowmelt due to high-temperature rock fragments moving over a snow-covered channel. The experiments were carried out for nine different cases, changing the parameters of temperature, rock particle diameter, and snow density. On comparing the hydrographs of these nine cases, we found that the following conditions lead to rapid snowmelt and large peak flow : (1) the temperature of the pyroclastic material is sufficiently high ; (2) the snow density is remarkably high, as in the case of solid ice ; and (3) snow is saturated with liquid water, as in the case of slush. The results indicate that the volume of the snowmelt-type mudflow particularly depends on the snow density and the temperature of the pyroclastic materials.

著者

西村 裕一 宮地 直道 吉田 真理夫 村田 泰輔 中川 光弘

出版者

Japan Association for Quaternary Research

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.451-460, 2000-10-01 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

11 10

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北海道東部の霧多布湿原において,湿原堆積物の掘削調査から泥炭層中に連続する層厚3cm以下の砂層を発見した.この砂層は,海側から内陸側に向かって層厚や粒径を減じ,比較的層厚の大きな地点では級化構造を呈する.また,乾燥化や塩分濃度の低下に伴って発生する珪藻化石を産出することから,この砂層を津波堆積物と認定した.砂層の下位には泥炭層を挾み,1739年の樽前a火山灰(Ta-a)と1694年の駒ヶ岳C2火山灰(Ko-c2)の2層の火山灰層が確認された.これらの火山灰層の年代をもとに泥炭の堆積速度を求めたところ,この砂層の年代はおよそ1810~50年代と推定された.1843年に,北海道東部の厚岸を中心に46名の犠牲者を出した北海道南東岸沖地震津波の歴史記録があり,この津波の前後に規模の大きな津波が霧多布湿原一帯に押し寄せた記録はないことから,本砂層は1843年の津波によりもたらされた堆積物と考えられる.

著者

宮地 直道 中川 光弘 吉田 真理夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.75-85, 2000-05-10

被引用文献数

8

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Recent eruptive episodes since the last 2200 years of Rausudake volcano, east Hokkaido, are revealed by tephrochronology, geological survey of volcanic edifice and petrology of eruptive products. Eruptive ages of these episodes are estimated by ^<14>C age dating, presence of wide spread tephras, Ma-b from Mashu volcano (about 1 ka) and Ta-a from Tarumai volcano (AD 1739), and thickness of soil between tephra. We identify three major eruption episodes occurring in ca. 2200, ca. 1400 and 500-700 y. B. P. In each episode, plinian eruption associated with generation of pyroclastic flows and possibly with effusion of lava flows and domes had occurred from the summit area. Volcanic explosive index (VEI) of each eruption is 2-4. Tephra identified as the deposits of ca. 1400 y. B. P, eruption had spread widely and has been found in Kunashiri Island which locates about 60 km east of Rausudake volcano. In Shiretoko Peninsula, east Hokkaido, Mt. Shiretoko-Iouzan has been recognized to be an active volcano. We should note that Mt. Rausudake is also active volcano that repeated its magmatic eruptions at intervals of ca. 800 years.