著者

小川 好則 宮坂 祥夫 今泉 和彦 吉野 峰生

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.1-13, 2010 (Released:2010-02-27)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a craniometric sex estimation method proposed by Hanihara (1959) by using the latest cranial samples. A total of 80 males and 43 females with the current Japanese measurement data [NRIPS data] were collected from the archives kept in the National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan. Cranial samples used ranged in birth year from 1920 to 1979 (late Taisho to mid Showa era) and was restricted to subjects who were over 19 years of age at death.   The means of NRIPS data were compared with those of Hanihara‘s data concerning eight measurement items (Maximum cranial length, Maximum cranial breadth, Basion-bregmatic height, Bizygomatic breadth, Upper facial height, Bigonial breadth, Mental height, Ramal height). In addition, to assess the accuracy of the sex estimation function, the NRIPS data were applied to seven discriminant functions reported by Hanihara.   Results indicated that the means of the NRIPS were significantly greater in comparison to the Hanihara data except for maximum cranial length in both sexes, mental height in males and upper facial height in females. The error rate for sex estimation in male crania was relatively low (3.6-5.7%), but was extremely high in females (30.8-52.0%). With reference to several items of the discriminant functions, the error rates obtained were significantly different from the original error rates reported.   The present study suggests that the application of the discriminant functions based on old population data may cause a decrease in the reliability of sex estimation in the current Japanese population.

著者

宮坂 祥夫 吉野 峰生 瀬田 季茂

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.1-11, 1994-08-10 (Released:2016-12-05)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

吉野 峰生

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.45-55, 1997 (Released:2010-06-10)

参考文献数

102

被引用文献数

3 3

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This article constitutes a review of the literature and an evaluation of the anatomical relationships between skull and face including the soft tissue thickness at various anthropometrical points of the skull, along with a comparison of the methodologies involved in the three techniques, that is, photographic, video and computer-assisted superimposition techniques used in forensic science. In addition, an evaluation of cosistency between skull and face is discussed from the aspect of personal identification.   Forensic examiner must be well versed in the anatomy of skull and face for effective utilization of the superimposition technique. When evaluating anatomical consistency between these parts, special attention should be paid their outline, the facial tissue thickness at the anthropometrical points, and positional relationships between skull and face. Data on the thickness of facial soft tissue has been accumulated for each race, Caucasoid, Negroid and Mongoloid. The positional relation of the eyebrow and eye to the orbit, the ala to the nasal aperture, and the lips to the teeth has been investigated by many researchers.   Over the last two decades, video superimposition technique has widely been used for identifying unknown skull. The video superimposition presents enormous advantage over the conventional photographic superimposition. This technique allows the fade-out of either the skull or facial image on the monitor for overall assessment of how well the two images match. This also allows the various sectioning images of the skull and facial images for evaluating the positional relationships between the skull and face. In this technique, however, the anthropometrical examination including soft tissue thickness could not directly be performed on the TV monitor.   On the other hand, in the last ten years, the computer-assisted cranio-facial superimposition has been developed. The use of a video-computer with appropriate software allows to take the images of the skull and facial photograph with only one camera and to directly compare the digitized both images on the monitor. The computer technology has also been used to determine the size of natural head and optimum objective length. The software such as the polynomial functions and Fourier harmonic analysis has been applied to evaluate the fit between the outline of skull and facial photograph.   It is suggested that the outline from the forehead to the gnathion in the lateral or oblique view is the preferable portion for personal identification, and the cranio-facial superimposition method is reliable for personal identification when two or more facial photographs taken from different angles are used in the examination. The computer-assisted skull identification system using video superimposition is useful to demonstrate the cosistency between skull and facial photograph because the quantitative data including anthropometrical measurements obtained from this system provide objective and reliable results in skull identification.

著者

吉野 峰生

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. PRMU, パターン認識・メディア理解 (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.118, pp.67-74, 1999-06-17

被引用文献数

3

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顔画像の個人識別の現状と将来の展望について法科学的観点から述べた。顔画像の識別は,一般に,顔の構成要素の形態学的分類基準に基づく比較,顔の人類学的計測並びに顔画像相互のスーパーインポーズ法の3手法によって行われている。顔画像相互のスーパーインポーズ法を実施するためには,犯行現場の犯人の顔画像と被疑者の顔画像を同じ撮影角度にする必要があり,被疑者の顔貌の3次元形状データを用いたビデオスーパーインポーズ法が開発されている。将来的には,顔画像上の解剖学的標記点間の距離や角度に基づいたマッチングにより,犯人の2次元顔画像から被疑者の3次元顔画像データベースに対して検索,照合が行えるようになるであろう。