著者

大久保 英哲 山岸 孝吏

出版者

金沢大学教育学部

雑誌

金沢大学教育学部紀要 教育科学編 (ISSN:02882523)

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, pp.89-100, 2004-02

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金沢大学教育学研究科修了(福井県敦賀市立敦賀中学校)

著者

大久保 英哲 沢野 咲知子 安田 一志

出版者

金沢大学

雑誌

教育工学・実践研究 (ISSN:13462342)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.41-55, 2005-09

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

日本体育学会 = Japan Society of Physical Education

雑誌

体育学研究 = Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.157-173, 1993-09-01

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate Hayashi Shojuro's seldom explored translation, "Mokuba no Sho" (The Book of Wooden Horse) and its publishing history, and to determine its meaning for the modern physical education in Japan. "Mokuba no Sho" is more of a book on horse vaulting than simply a book on horse riding because of its description of the five kinds of exercises from the back of the horse and twelve exercises from the side of horse. The contents of this book are in complete agreement and comspicious similarity to the French Army's textbook on gymnastics instruction "Ministere de la guerre (1st Ed. 1847) :Instruction pour l'enseignement de la gymnastique". Therefore, it is unquestionable that "Mokuba no Sho" was translated from it. Hayashi Shojuro (1824-1896, formerly a professer of French at Kaiseisho, National Academic Institute) was one of the most famous scholars at the end age of the Edo period.From December 1866 to the early spring of 1868, he also held an additional post as the official French translator for the Japanese Army in the cavalry, artillery and infantry divisions. This was necessary because the Tokugawa Shogunate employed a party of military advisers from France, whose leader was Captain Chanoine. Even though the translation of "Mokuba no Sho" is not clearly dated, it can be presumed that it was prepared in 1867 because of Hayashi's occupation as a translator for the party of French Military advisers and his subsequent military service for the Tokugawa Shogunate in the Boshin civil war from early 1868. It is well known fact that the party of French military adviser seriously considered basic gymnastics as necessary for soldier training, and taught Japanese soldiers how to do gymnastics (rentaiho). Furthermore, in the memorial presented to shogunate in 1867 (The Chanoine Memorial), it is clearly written that the party had brought with them a fully illustrated book on gymnastics. Initially Hayashi Shojuro read the book as the official translator. He took particular notice of the section on horse vaulting as training for the cavalry and subsequently translated it into Japanese. The historical meanings of this book for physical education in modern Japan are as follows : 1. It is the oldest book dealing with the physical education of the west. 2. This is a memorable book in the history of Japanese physical education because it was the first academic study based on an original foreign text, "Ministere de lA guerre (1st Ed.1847) : Instruction pour l'enseignement de la gymnastique." 3. During the first half of the Meiji period French gymnastics were for the most part by the military. For example, "Taiso Kyohan" (Textbook of Gymnastics) was written by the military, modeled after the French version. It was later applied to physical education in Japan's middle school System. "Mokuba no Sho" was the first book in the history on French gymnastics in the Meiji period. 4. This is the first book in which the scientific term of the study of physical education as "shintai undo gaku" (science of physical movement) was used. 5. This book shows us that the apparatus of gymnastics in Japan was derived from the French military gymnastics, especially horse vaulting for the training of the cavalry. Above all, "Mokuba no Sho" is memorable as the book which introduced modern European physical education to Japan.

著者

大久保 英哲 Okubo Hideaki

出版者

金沢大学教育学部

雑誌

金沢大学教育学部紀要.教育科学編 (ISSN:02882523)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.37-49, 2007-02-28

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.331-342, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

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It is said that the history of Association Football in Japan, especially student soccer, began when an Englishman named DeHavilland moved from the Fourth High School in Kanazawa to the Tokyo Higher Normal School in September 1904, where he started coaching soccer. It has been recorded in the history of the Tokyo Higher Normal School soccer club that “some students of the University in Tokyo who said they had been taught football in Kanazawa came to Otsuka with their teacher, and we played a practice match together in December, 1904”.This article suggests that DeHavilland had also taught soccer in Kanazawa. However, in the history of the Fourth High School soccer club, it is stated that “soccer began in Kanazawa in 1924”, and does not mention DeHavilland. On the basis of this evidence, the history of soccer in Japan states that “this may have not been the case, because of the short stay of DeHavilland and lack of any proof that soccer was played in Kanazawa”.Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to obtain documentary evidence of DeHavilland and to clarify whether he did, in fact, play soccer in Kanazawa during 1898-1904, based on new documents from the Fourth High School and articles in the school union magazine at that time.The findings obtained were as follows: 1.  DeHavilland urged students to play football after he started working at the Fourth High School in 1898. His words at the kick-off, which marked the start of student soccer in Japan, were: “It is no matter, hailing, snowing, raining. Come and play!” 2.  It is stated in Hokushinkai magazine that DeHavilland was involved in establishing a football club in 1898. Mention of the football club appeared in the Fourth High School Union rulebook in 1899, and the name DeHavilland appeared in the list of board members of the football club in 1901. 3.  On April 18th, 1901, football was played for 30 minutes at the Fourth High School as one of the sports at the sports festival. 4.  On October 5th, 1902, at the ceremony to mark the opening of the “football club” at Ishikawa prefectural Second Junior High School, DeHavilland and Wohlfarth both played goalkeeper.This evidence of the involvement of DeHavilland and Wohlfarth in soccer at the Fourth High School and in Kanazawa should be regarded as one of the hidden roots of student soccer in Japan.

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.157-173, 1993-09-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Hayashi Shojuro's seldom explored translation, "Mokuba no Sho" (The Book of Wooden Horse) and its publishing history, and to determine its meaning for the modern physical education in Japan. "Mokuba no Sho" is more of a book on horse vaulting than simply a book on horse riding because of its description of the five kinds of exercises from the back of the horse and twelve exercises from the side of horse. The contents of this book are in complete agreement and comspicious similarity to the French Army's textbook on gymnastics instruction "Ministere de la guerre (1st Ed. 1847) :Instruction pour l'enseignement de la gymnastique". Therefore, it is unquestionable that "Mokuba no Sho" was translated from it. Hayashi Shojuro (1824-1896, formerly a professer of French at Kaiseisho, National Academic Institute) was one of the most famous scholars at the end age of the Edo period.From December 1866 to the early spring of 1868, he also held an additional post as the official French translator for the Japanese Army in the cavalry, artillery and infantry divisions. This was necessary because the Tokugawa Shogunate employed a party of military advisers from France, whose leader was Captain Chanoine. Even though the translation of "Mokuba no Sho" is not clearly dated, it can be presumed that it was prepared in 1867 because of Hayashi's occupation as a translator for the party of French Military advisers and his subsequent military service for the Tokugawa Shogunate in the Boshin civil war from early 1868. It is well known fact that the party of French military adviser seriously considered basic gymnastics as necessary for soldier training, and taught Japanese soldiers how to do gymnastics (rentaiho). Furthermore, in the memorial presented to shogunate in 1867 (The Chanoine Memorial), it is clearly written that the party had brought with them a fully illustrated book on gymnastics. Initially Hayashi Shojuro read the book as the official translator. He took particular notice of the section on horse vaulting as training for the cavalry and subsequently translated it into Japanese. The historical meanings of this book for physical education in modern Japan are as follows : 1. It is the oldest book dealing with the physical education of the west. 2. This is a memorable book in the history of Japanese physical education because it was the first academic study based on an original foreign text, "Ministere de lA guerre (1st Ed.1847) : Instruction pour l'enseignement de la gymnastique." 3. During the first half of the Meiji period French gymnastics were for the most part by the military. For example, "Taiso Kyohan" (Textbook of Gymnastics) was written by the military, modeled after the French version. It was later applied to physical education in Japan's middle school System. "Mokuba no Sho" was the first book in the history on French gymnastics in the Meiji period. 4. This is the first book in which the scientific term of the study of physical education as "shintai undo gaku" (science of physical movement) was used. 5. This book shows us that the apparatus of gymnastics in Japan was derived from the French military gymnastics, especially horse vaulting for the training of the cavalry. Above all, "Mokuba no Sho" is memorable as the book which introduced modern European physical education to Japan.

著者

"大久保 英哲"

出版者

金沢大学

雑誌

金沢大学教育学部紀要. 教育科学編 (ISSN:02882523)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.37-49, 2007-02-28

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, 1994-08-25

著者

大久保 英哲 中田 幸江

出版者

金沢大学人間社会学域学校教育学類 = The School of Teacher Education, College of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University

雑誌

金沢大学人間社会学域学校教育学類紀要 (ISSN:18830935)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.35-44, 2013

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12047, (Released:2013-01-16)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

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It is said that the history of Association Football in Japan, especially student soccer, began when an Englishman named DeHavilland moved from the Fourth High School in Kanazawa to the Tokyo Higher Normal School in September 1904, where he started coaching soccer. It has been recorded in the history of the Tokyo Higher Normal School soccer club that “some students of the University in Tokyo who said they had been taught football in Kanazawa came to Otsuka with their teacher, and we played a practice match together in December, 1904”. This article suggests that DeHavilland had also taught soccer in Kanazawa. However, in the history of the Fourth High School soccer club, it is stated that “soccer began in Kanazawa in 1924”, and does not mention DeHavilland. On the basis of this evidence, the history of soccer in Japan states that “this may have not been the case, because of the short stay of DeHavilland and lack of any proof that soccer was played in Kanazawa”. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to obtain documentary evidence of DeHavilland and to clarify whether he did, in fact, play soccer in Kanazawa during 1898-1904, based on new documents from the Fourth High School and articles in the school union magazine at that time. The findings obtained were as follows: 1.  DeHavilland urged students to play football after he started working at the Fourth High School in 1898. His words at the kick-off, which marked the start of student soccer in Japan, were: “ It is no matter, hailing, snowing, raining. Come and play!” 2.  It is stated in Hokushinkai magazine that DeHavilland was involved in establishing a football club in 1898. Mention of the football club appeared in the Fourth High School Union rulebook in 1899, and the name DeHavilland appeared in the list of board members of the football club in 1901. 3.  On April 18th, 1901, football was played for 30 minutes at the Fourth High School as one of the sports at the sports festival. 4.  On October 5th, 1902, at the ceremony to mark the opening of the “football club” at Ishikawa Prefectural Second Junior High School, DeHavilland and Wohlfarth both played goalkeeper. This evidence of the involvement of DeHavilland and Wohlfarth in soccer at the Fourth High School and in Kanazawa should be regarded as one of the hidden roots of student soccer in Japan.

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.1-14, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 1

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The French military assistance advisory, which visited Japan in 1867, placed emphasis on “development of the body” as basic training for soldiers, and actually gave instructions for this purpose. The textbook used for this instruction had never been identified, but as a result of reviewing Mokuba no Sho (“the book of the wooden horse”, published around 1867) written by Hayashi Shojuro (1824–1896), their interpreter, it was found that this is a translation of the part describing wooden horse exercises in the French manual of army gymnastic exercises, “Instruction pour l'enseignement de la gymnastique”, which was the gymnastics textbook brought to Japan by the French military delegation. In addition to the 200-page text, a total of 18 pages of figures illustrating 33 pieces of gymnastic apparatus and exercises using them, and a plan of an outdoor apparatus gymnastics field with apparatus for 200 to 300 people are attached.The “Instruction” continued to be studied mainly by the army. On the other hand, the Ministry of Education established the taiso denshu jo (Physical Training Institute) in 1878, and invited the American medical doctor, George Adams Leland (1850–1924), to conduct research there. Through his study, the Ministry of Education selected light gymnastics as the most suitable method for the Japanese school physical education system, and it became popular nationwide around 1885 as alumni of the Physical Training Institute spread throughout Japan.In 1883, however, the Ministry of Education instructed the implementation of hohei soren (infantry training) and heishiki taiso (military exercises) for secondary schools in addition to the normal gymnastics. This marks the introduction of the French gymnastics, employed by the army, into school physical education.As we can see, the French military assistance advisory's visit to Japan at the end of the Edo Period and the “Instruction” they brought with them, were quickly followed by the establishment of the Japanese army gymnastics system. Along with the implementation of infantry training and military exercises around 1885, it also left clear traces in the formulation of the modern Japanese physical education system.

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

no.56, 2005-11-01

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, 1996-08-25