著者

大瀧 真俊

出版者

日本農業史学会

雑誌

農業史研究 (ISSN:13475614)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.23-33, 2015 (Released:2017-03-23)

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This paper focuses on the horse as the stockbreeding directly connected with military demand in modern Japan, and describes how the requisition and replenishment of horses were carried out in wartime. Through the analysis, this study makes clear following four points: 1) Military horses mobilized by the Japanese Army during World War II amounted to 500-600 thousands. It was not practiced suddenly, but had been prepared elaborately by improving Japanese horse's blood for thirty years over, with abundant investment of state capital and economical patience of farmers breeding or keeping horses. 2) When the Sino-Japanese war began in 1937, the Army requisitioned about 220 thousands of horses. It caused many problems especially in horse-using area such as Kanto region, the steep rise in price of buying and borrowing horses, hard work of left ones, and substitution of cattle, and so on. 3) The government carried out the horse-replenishing project immediately, which encouraged to import colts of isolated islands to horse-requisitioned areas with brokerage and subsidy for transportation. Its scale was insufficient to cover the shortage of farming horses, but it had an effect to modernize and rationalize the conventional distribution of horses on the other hand. 4) According to a horse-breeding research at that time, the farmers replenishing either colt or cattle for requisitioned horses were forced to work harder than before, but they couldn't avoid their cash flow became worse in the next year. It showed that horse requisition was impossible without bad influence for farming managements.

著者

大瀧 真俊

出版者

政治経済学・経済史学会

雑誌

歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.47-62, 2008-10-30 (Released:2017-08-30)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

1

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The horse industry in modern Japan was consistently lead by military demand for military horses; however the interwar period should be considered. In this period, armaments reduction decreased the political and economic influence of the Army on the horse industry. The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the maintenance of military horses was practiced in the period, and especially how it was related to simultaneous advances in the streamlining of agricultural management. Through analysis of data regarding the Tohoku region, the main source of horse stock in Japan, this study makes clear the following two points. 1) The policy of the horse industry in the inter-war period was to create a demand for militarily-required "improved-horses", in farmers' horse breeding. Due to armaments reduction, the Army was no longer able to maintain military horses by itself. Therefore, it intended to entrust their maintenance to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry by replacing military demand for horses with that of farmers. 2) To carry out this policy, technicians of the Ministry encouraged farmers to increase the use of horses. This was intended to increase their income brought from work performed by horses, and to make them keep improved-horses while streamlining agricultural management. But it was only large farmers that implemented this plan. In contrast, small farmers refused to accept this policy, because their scale of management was too small to exercise the abilities of the improved-horses. Instead, they requested to streamline their management systems by using ponies, which cost less than improved-horses but were not required for military purposes. Nevertheless, their request could not be realized as the use of stallions to produce ponies was prohibited by law. As a result, small farmers were forced to keep improved-horses uneconomically. The supply of many military horses in the following war period would not have been possible without their sacrifice.

著者

大瀧 真俊

出版者

地域農林経済学会

雑誌

農林業問題研究 (ISSN:03888525)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.66-71, 2011-06-25 (Released:2013-04-24)

参考文献数

8

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the requisition and supplementation of farming horses was carried out in wartime Japan. Through the analysis, this study makes clear the following two points.1)The requisition of farming horses caused problems mainly in horse-using areas, such as Kanto, Hokuriku, and Tosan. In these areas, a large number of farming horses were required, and the short of horses resulted in an increase in the price. The famers were therefore obliged to substitute colts, old horses, and even cattle for horses.2)In the summer of 1937, two methods were used to obtain substitute horses. The first was to purchase colts in cooperation, which was supported by government subsidies. The second was to purchase aged horses through livestock merchants. Farmers had to pay more money for the latter and did not know when to expect delivery.