2 0 0 0 OA 黄砂・越境大気汚染物質の健康影響調査とその対策
- 著者
- 大西 一成
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人日本衛生学会
- 雑誌
- 日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.72, no.1, pp.43-48, 2017 (Released:2017-02-02)
- 参考文献数
- 15
- 被引用文献数
- 3 6
The health effects of Asian dust (mineral dust) originating from dry lands such as the Gobi Desert and Taklamakan Desert have recently been a concern. In addition to Asian dust, transboundary airborne microparticles that reach Japan include various types of aerosol, such as artificial air pollutants and smoke from combustion. They originate from densely populated areas and are transported along the same route as Asian dust. We analyzed environmental factors and subjective symptoms involving the respiratory organ, nose, eyes, and skin using a conventional equation for estimation, and found that symptoms with a significant risk of worsening varied according to the type of pollutants reaching Japan. We also analyzed the synergistic effects of Asian dust and pollens on nasal symptoms using a two-pollutant model. The odds ratio for symptoms at the time of arrival of a high concentration of Asian dust was 1.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.19–1.58), but the odds ratio adjusted for pollens was 1.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.34). Although the influence on nasal symptoms overlapped somewhat between Asian dust and pollens, that of Asian dust remained significant. Regarding preventive measures against symptoms, we examined the rate of particle leakage into masks. We found that it is important to wear a mask that fits an individual’s facial features and has no gap between the face and the mask. In addition, we report our attempt to construct models for predicting aerosol arrival and forecasting health to establish preventive measures against aerosols.
黄砂や煙霧とともに微生物群(バイオエアロゾル)が,アジア大陸から日本へ越境輸送され,日本での環境・健康影響が懸念される。これまで,東アジア(日中韓蒙)での黄砂を捕集する高高度調査(気球, ヘリコプター)によって,越境輸送される微生物種組成は,日本海と太平洋の沿岸で大別でき,その生体影響も異なる可能性を突き止めた。しかし,従来の観測地点は日本海沿岸に偏り,太平洋沿岸へと沈着する微生物の詳細を講じる観測データは不足している。本申請では,日本本土での観測地を拡充し,「越境微生物の国内での拡散・沈着過程」を理解すると伴に,生理学実験・疫学的調査によって,生態・健康影響を評価する。