1 0 0 0 OA 市場経済形成期における村落的共同性の日欧比較研究
本研究では、17~19世紀近世日本における村落社会(長野県上塩尻村ほか)を基準として、16~18世紀におけるイングランド村落社会(ケンブリッジシャー)と北西ドイツ村落社会(東部北海沿岸地方)とについて、現地の研究者の協力を得て、実証的比較研究を行った。近世日本村落を構成した共同性の重層的構造からみると、16~18世紀の英独両農村社会の事例については、史料制約性による直接比較の困難性があり、従来共同体とされてきた「村落」や「家族」についての再解釈が必要であり、従来親族ネットワークやサーバント制度、そしてマルク共同体等土地共有共同体の再検討が必要であることが確認された。
- 著者
- 平井 進
- 出版者
- 社会経済史学会
- 雑誌
- 社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.69, no.2, pp.121-144, 2003-07-25
This article examines settlement regulations in one Hanoverian province (Provinz Osnabruck) during the 1840s and 1850s in order to investigate changes in rural social order and autonomy. Before 1848 there was Pauperismus (great poverty) among the rural lower classes of the region, particularly among the Heuerleute (landless cottagers) who rented cottages and land from Bauern (farm holders). Traditionally, the state and village communities, whose members were solely Bauern, exercised. little control over these renting relationships. However, when the Heuerleute began to riot and petition in March 1848, the state attempted to mediate between them and the Bauern. In October, the state and the provincial parliament established a law governing the renting of cottages and land. According to the law, village communities were expected to organize Heuerlings-commissionen (local commissions) composed of both Bauern and Heuerleute members. After 1848, under the supervision of the state, these commissions began to monitor and control the Bauern who rented cottages and land to Heuerleute families. Consequently, the March Revolution ended the early modern form of Bauern autonomy via state intervention and the partial integration of the landless cottagers.