著者

愛場 庸雅 杉本 緑 松田 泰明 杉浦 欣一 中井 義明 中島 俊文

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.391-395, 1990-03-01 (Released:2011-11-04)

参考文献数

12

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The effects of therapeutic irradiation on olfactory function were investigated in 20 patients who received radiation therapy because of a malignant tumor of the nose or paranasal sinuses. The standard olfaction test with a T&T olfactometer and an intravenous olfaction test were given before the radiation therapy, during the period of radiation therapy and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months or more later.Five patients whose olfactory epithelium was outside the radiation field showed no damage to olfactory function. The olfactory function of the other 15 patients whose olfactory epithelium had been exposed to radiation was not obviously changed or damaged at the time of radiation therapy. However, 6 months after irradiation, some patients showed a decline in olfactory function, and after 12 months, 4 of 7 patients showed severe damage to olfactory function.These results suggest that a therapeutic dose of irradiation will not cause severe damage to the olfactory function during the period of radiation therapy, but could cause delayed olfactory disorders in some patients after a few years. These olfactory disorders might be caused by damage to or degeneration of the olfactory epithelium or olfactory nerve.

著者

杉浦 欣一 大橋 淑宏 江崎 裕介 古谷 博之 大野 義春 中井 義明

出版者

The Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan, Inc.

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.4, pp.506-515, 1991-04-20 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

19

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There is amount of epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory evidence to document that viral infection is involved in otitis media with effusion(OME).However, few studies have demonstrat- ed the direct influence of viruses on the tubotympanum.The purpose of this study is to establish the effect of influenza A virus invaded in the tubotympanum, in an attempt to elucidate the possible mechanism by which the virus contributes to the pathogenesis of OME.80 guinea pigs with normal otoscopic findings were inoculated with 0.2m1 suspension of influenza A(3.3 x 108PFU/ml)into their tympanic cavities through their tympanic membranes.To serve as controls, the same number of guinea pigs were injected with 0.2ml of physiologic saline solution into their tympanic cavities.At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days postinoculation, they were used for examination of the mucociliary function.Middle ear effusions were observed only in the animals inoculated with the virus.Mucociliary dysfunction was observed only in the animals inoculated with the virus.The ciliary activity in the bulla was declined at any time examined.On the other hand, the ciliary activity in the eustachian tube and the tympanic orifice was slightly lowered between 7 and 14 days, but the level was not different from that of the control.However, the number of active ciliated cells(showing more than 500 beats/min)was significantly smaller than that of the control.The mucociliary clearance time of the tubotympanum was more prolonged than that of the control at 3, 7, and 14 days, and returned to the control level at 28 days.A variety of morphologic changes were observed in the tubotympanum treated with the virus. Major pathologies observed included a general inflammatory cell infiltration, vacuolation and other degeneration of ciliated cells, and vascular damage and increased vascular permeability.Regener- ation of cilia or ciliated cells followed the degeneration, which included an increased number of basal cells and new formed centrioles.However, the viral infection had an influence on the epithelial cells with new centrioles.Our study has demonstrated that viral infection could evoke mucociliary dysfunction of the tubotympanum and create an increased susceptibility to bacteria.Therefore, viral infection could enhance bacterial infectious process in the tubotympanum.Through the failure viruses could contribute to the occurrence of OME.