著者

小出 いずみ 栗田 淳子

出版者

社団法人情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.12, pp.863-869, 1990-12-01

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外国人による日本研究は近年ジャパン・スペシャリストといわれる専門家だけのものではなくなり,日本語ができなくても日本を調査・研究の対象に含める人が増え,裾野が広がった。日本に関する外国語の文献を収集している国際文化会館図書室では日本研究者をはじめ,その他の研究者にさまざまなサービスを提供している。情報提供のパターンには,情報そのものの提供,情報アクセスの手段形成,情報アクセスの障壁を取り除く活動の3種類がみられ,全体として英語圏の日本研究の日本におけるレファレンス部門の役割を果たしている。日本情報の国際的流通をよくするために海外で日本情報を扱える仲介者を増やす,国内の情報流通基盤の整備,国内の日本情報の拠点機関の充実が必要である。

著者

吉田 正昭 藤井 和子 栗田 淳子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.195-203, 1966

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this report is (I) to factor-analyze the structure of concept "on", from the data obtained in our previous survey, and (II) to examine the customs (not abstract ideas) based on "on" or "giri".<br>(I) <i>Method</i>. Three factors were extracted from the correlation matrix of attributes of "on", for each of the three groups, (i.e, younger males, younger females, and older people. <i>Results</i>. Factor matrices are shown in Table 1. For younger males, factor i represents a conflict between affective area (true love, gratitude) and social and political area (mutual dependence, social coercion, etc), factor ii represents the conflict between economic area (benefit, etc) and rational area (voluntariness, obligation), while factor iii represents the conflict between economic area and political power area (traditional, authoritalian, etc). Correspondence among the three groups ranged 0.5-0.6. Although "taimen" or appearances, indebtedness, or fictitious love were regarded as essential attributes of "on" by Benedict, Fukuba, and Kawashima, these are no longer essential for the concept "on". In present day Japan, "on" has more rational elements in it, and functions as a lubricating oil of community, whereas "giri" is still regarded as a feudalistic human relation, and tends to disappear.<br>(II) Survey of customs based on "on" or "giri". <i>Method</i>. Enquêtes concerning "Chugen" or summer gift, "Seibo" or year-end present, New year cards, etc. were distributed, sometimes supplemented by interviews. <i>S</i>s were male and female adults living in Tokyo, two farming villages (Shizuoka and Hiroshima), and a fisherman's island (Hiroshima), totaling 464. <i>Results.</i> (1) Urban people regard these customs as a chance to express their gratitude, affective indebtedness, etc., but rural people (especially those in fishery) regard them as a duty based on "universal humanism", not necessarily specific in their own community. (2) Importance of human relation (3) main family-branch family, (5) boss-henchman, (8) master-servants, (9) guild master-apprentice, shows fairly marked urban-rural difference. Of course, urban people do not feel them seriously, but rural people feel them considerably. Most important relations in three districts are (1) parent-child, and (4) ancestor-descendant. <i>Conclusion</i>. Differences due to generations and districts indicate that for present day Japanese people, the concept "on" tends to lose its traditional meaning and change to a more rational moral standard based on universality of human nature, inner conscience, sense of obligation, etc.

著者

吉田 正昭 藤井 和子 栗田 淳子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.74-85, 1966-06-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

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Purpose. “On” is a very difficult concept to translate into foreign languages. Japanese English dictionaries assign kindness, favor, love, obligation, or indebtedness to this word, but they are not broad enough to cover all the forms of “on”. Before the termination of Pacific war, loyalty towards emperor and filial piety supported the every structure of Japanese community, and authoritarian attitude among the Japanese. But since the new Constitution become effective, these concepts have changed drastically, and the contents of “on” also is expected to change, because it has very close connection with them. With these considerations, two surveys were planned.(I) Method. Free associations and semantic differential ratings concerning “on”, were obtained from 215 adults (male and female, their ages ranging 17-50) in Tokyo. Results. Clearly “on” has two aspects, the one is based on old-fashioned, feudalistic, one-way devotion, etc., and the other is based on universality of human nature. Older people recognize the former aspect, but regard it as more “beautiful” because of the latter aspect, and highly esteem it as a moral standard, In contrast with this, younger people show fairly negative attitude towards the former aspect.(II) Method. Costant sum method. 100 points were assigned to 22 attributes of “on” for 19 human relations listed below. Enquetes were presented to three groups of Ss, (i) younger male, (ii) younger female, and (iii) older people. Number of Ss in each group was about 50, all living in Tokyo. Attributes were (1) true love, (2) gratitude, (3) tradition, (4) “taimen” or appearances, (5) human obligation, (6) “girl”, (7) fictitious love, (8) voluntariness, (9) social coercion, (10) friendship, (11) comradeship, (12) expectation of future guarantee, (13) benefit of others, (14) dependence on authority, (15) conscience, (16) indebtedness, (17) reverence, (18) pursuit of own benefit, (19) mutual dependence, (20) social courtesy, (21) contract, and (22) feudally. Human relations used were (1) parent-child, (2) main family-branch family, (3) parent and child in law, (4) ancestordescendant, (5) boss-henchman, (6) landlordtenant, (7) emperor-subjects, (8) masterservants, (9) guild master-apprentice, (10) trader-consumer, (11) employer-employee, (12) senior-subordinate, (13) capitalist-laborer, (14) parent company-subsidary company, (15) neighbourhood, (16) individual-society, (17) friendship, (18) teacher-pupil, and (19) godhuman beings.Results. Data for only younger males are shown in Table 2. They are the most radical of the three groups, older people being the most conservative, and younger female lying between the two Items which were accepted positively were based on true love, gratitude, friendship, obligation, conscience, voluntariness, mutual dependence, and items which were accepted negatively were based on authority, feudality, tradition, “girl”, etc. These results are in marked contrast with the pre-war concept of “on”.

著者

栗田 淳子

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.6, pp.305-308, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

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海外での日本研究を支援する日本の機関はいくつか存在するが,政府関係の機関のひとつとして独立行政法人国際交流基金があげられる。本稿では国際交流基金が実施する日本研究支援事業の概要を紹介し,機関に付設している図書館の活動ならびに研究者と日本情報の仲介者として日本の情報提供・情報アクセスへの課題について考察する。