1 0 0 0 OA スポーツ腎臓とは?: 高強度持久性運動トレーニングに伴う腎臓の生理的適応の探索
継続的な高強度の持久性運動トレーニングは、身体(臓器)に様々な構造的・機能的な適応を引き起こす(スポーツ心臓など)。しかし、日頃から高強度の持久性運動トレーニングを実施している持久性アスリートの腎臓について詳しく調べた研究はこれまでに存在せず、高強度持久性運動トレーニングが腎臓にとって“善”か“悪”かは不明である。そこで本研究では、高強度持久性運動トレーニングに伴う腎臓の生理的適応を核磁気共鳴画像法(MRI: magnetic resonance imaging)を用いて探索することを目的とし、「スポーツ腎臓」という新しい概念を提唱することを目指す。
1 0 0 0 OA 子供の体力と脳の発達 -行動学的研究と脳イメージング研究のナラティブ・レビュー-
- 著者
- 紙上 敬太 樽味 孝
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人日本体力医学会
- 雑誌
- 体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.69, no.3, pp.239-247, 2020-06-01 (Released:2020-05-12)
- 参考文献数
- 52
The global pandemic of childhood physical inactivity and the associated reduction in physical fitness have become the major health problem. Based on such background, there is growing interest in child development research to investigate the associations among physical fitness, cognitive function, and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In the present narrative review, we first summarize the findings from behavioral studies that examined the relations of childhood fitness to academic performance and executive function. Because these behavioral findings remain controversial due to methodological inconsistencies, we further discuss differences in independent variables (e.g., physical activity vs. fitness), confounders (e.g., socioeconomic status), study designs (e.g., cross-sectional vs. randomized controlled trial), and assessments used to measure academic performance and executive function (e.g., task difficulty). Subsequently, we introduce neuroimaging studies on brain volume, task-evoked brain activation, and white matter fiber integrity which may provide mechanistic insights into the behavioral observations. To date, several randomized controlled trials using advanced imaging techniques showed that regular physical activity may change brain activations during executive function tasks and improve white matter fiber integrity in children. Collectively, our literature review suggests that regular physical activity leading to increase in physical fitness is likely to contribute to healthy brain development. Nevertheless, the current evidence is still limited and inconclusive, thus further rigorously designed randomized controlled trails are needed to clarify the association between childhood fitness and brain development.