著者

門崎 允昭 河原 淳

出版者

森林野生動物研究会

雑誌

森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.50-66, 1991 (Released:2017-10-03)

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The authors investigated 43 accidents resulting in injury or death due to attack by wild brown bears Ursus arctos, occurring in Hokkaido Japan in the 22 years from 1970 through 1991. Characteristics of bear attacks on humans and countermeasures to prevent injury are presented. Causes for attacking humans: Causes of bear attacks on humans can be divided into three main areas. (1) Attacks with an intention to eat humans: These occur when bears develop a longing to hunt, kill and eat prey, especially after a long time on a vegetable diet. (2) Attacks to drive away humans: These occur in the following cases. When bears desire to eat foods which human bring, farm products or livestock under human's care, or in protecting their territory or food. Attacks on hunters, i.e. bear's counterattack against hunter's attack on bears. This occurs (i) When hunters miss bears from close range. (ii) When a hunter chases a wounded bear, bears very often attack suddenly from a hidden vantage point. (iii) When a hunter shoots a baby bear before the dam, she will angrily attack the hunter. When humans encounter bears suddenly, bears attack humans without warning. In particular, a mother bear will attack humans for approaching. (3) Attacks for sport or excitement: Some young bears, especially those around two years old attack humans for sport or excitement. In some incidents the causes overlap, or in the middle of an attack the cause may shift to another motive. Type of bears involved in attacks: Bears attacking hunters are characterized as being over two years old and either sex, whereas attacks on people other than hunters are in most cases perpetrated by dams accompained by young, or bears of ages two to four years regardless of sex. Body part attacked: Bear attacks on hunters are usually directed at the head, then on the legs, body and neck in order of frequency. People other than hunters are usually attacked on the legs, head and neck, and body. Manner of attack: In late hibernation and directly after, bears attack humans largely using the teeth on all fours. At times other than the hibernation period, bears usually attack people by standing erect and using the claws. Bears with a history of attacking people will use the same method as used in previous attacks. Man-eating bears: Sometimes, bears will eat a man at the scene of the killing. In most cases after killing a man, the bear will drag the body to a safe place and strip the man naked or cover the dead body with soil, fallen leaves or chopped long herbs. Parts eaten: Portions of the human body which bears eat are largely muscles and protruding part such as nose, ears and penis. They rarely eat internal organs. Preventing injury: To obviate bear attacks on humans, hunters should avoid firing or pursuite which will lead to sudden counter-attack. Ordinary people should carry a sound-making instrument, such as a whistle or a bell, and a hatchet for self-protection when entering an area presumed to be a bears' habitat. While walking, people should blow or rattle the sound-making instrument, or raise their voices in order to avoid encountering bears unexpectedly. If people should encounter a bear and the bear approach them obstinately, people should not be overawed by the bear. They should chant a spell to admonish the bear for his evil intention of attacking a man, and to encourage themselves as the Ainus, the aborigines of Hokkaido, used to do. Another method is to shout at the bear with a loud voice. Such actions often cause the bear to leave. If a person runs to escape, bears are sure to attack them. Therefore, people should never run to escape, even if bears assume a threatening attitude. If a bear should deliver an actural attack on a person, they should respond with a blow of their hatchet on any part of the bears' body. This will make the bear flinch, and sometimes, give a chance of survival. Feigning death:(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

河原 淳人 岩堀 太紀 山川 宏 佐藤 亨 山本 衛 橋口 浩之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会論文集 (ISSN:13446460)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.3, pp.189-199, 2016 (Released:2016-06-05)

参考文献数

18

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Shape estimation of space debris is an important task in evaluating its trajectory evolution and collision probability with resident objects in space. This paper shows the magnitude and rotation of space debris can be estimated by investigating the Doppler shift with a Single Range Doppler Interferometry (SRDI) method. The theory of SRDI method is discussed and its usefulness is confirmed by numerical simulations. Furthermore, fluctuation of Doppler shift of known space debris were successfully observed by the MU radar of Kyoto University and the size and spin rate of some space debris were successfully estimated.

著者

河原 淳

出版者

森林野生動物研究会

雑誌

森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.11-18, 2005-12-25 (Released:2017-10-03)

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I collected 7 individual of Sorex minutissimus hawkeri in the wetland of in Kiritappu Hamanaka-cho and in the sand area Kenbokuki Island. The capture record in Kenbokki is since S. m. hawkeri was already caught in Hichirippi, Hamanaka in 1985. S. m. hawkeri was captured until now was Wetland and a forest, this time they were caught in the sand area for the first time. The captures of this species were also recorded in Kunashiri, and Etorofu islands near Hokkaido. However the capture was no record in such a small island as Kenbokuki Island. S. m. hawkeri was observed eating beach fleas in a cage.

著者

河原 淳

出版者

森林野生動物研究会

雑誌

森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.19-24, 2005

被引用文献数

1

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Sorex minutissimus hawkeri of 9 individuals was caught in August, 2004 and September, 2004 on Kenbokki Island of Hokkaido. Nine individuals were caught, and among those, five individuals were alive and were caught. S.m. hawkeri was caught in the range from the position of 5 m to 15 m from the coastline. S.m. hawkeri made space between grass and was resting there. S.m. hawkeri rose and fell frequently to the grass upper part. Moreover, S.m. hawkeri might not move for tens of seconds to several minutes, where it is the grass upper part and the head is hung down downward.

著者

門崎 允昭 河原 淳 小澤 良之

出版者

森林野生動物研究会

雑誌

森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.23-29, 1995 (Released:2017-10-03)

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The authors investigated five injury incidents and one death incident of humans due to attacks by brown bears (Ursus arctos)during hibernation , occurring in Hokkaido Japan during the 26 years from 1970 through to 1995. Details and characteristics of these bear attack incidents and countermeasures to prevent attacks and injury are described within. The reason bears attack while they are hibernating is to protect their den from possible human intrusion. If they scene a possible threat close to their den they will leave their den to drive off the perceived threat. A hibernation den is a tunnal cave dug by bears in a mountain slope. Bears in Hokkaido usually start hibernating from late November to late December and finish hibernating from late March to early May. It has been observed that in general dens with a larger than average entrance have been a feature in relation to attacks on humans. In the one reported case of a human death due to a bear attack in Hokkaido, occurred in early December very early in the bears hibernation. The bear stood up and attacked with its hand claws. All other reported attacks did not lead to death. These attacks all occurred after late February. This is past the half way point of the bears hibernation. The bears had used up so much energy in keeping warm during winter the bears therefore did not have enough energy to stand up and attack. They attacked their human victims only with their teeth. Therefore it appears in order to minimize injury from bear attacks. It is better to start work in bears hibernating areas after late February, which is past the half way term point of hibernation. Bears usually don't have enough energy to stand up and attack past the half way point of their hibernation. Standard safety measures to help prevent bear attacks on humans, people shoud carry a sound-making instrument, such as a whistle or a bell, and a hatchet(a big knife) for self-protection when entering an area presumed to be a bears habitat. While walking, people should blow or rattle the sound-making instrument, or raise their voices in order to avoid encountering bears unexpectedly. Because bears dislike hibernating in a place where the environment has been artificially changed, minor modifications to the environment are effective in preventing bears from making dens. Bears lurking obstinately in their den should not be killed. People can safely work around a bear's den if they remain 50 to 100 m away from it. Bears often use several different dens. Therefore, bears escaping from a den due to the intrusion of humans usually enter another den, and it is not necessary to chase and kill them. When encountering a bear people should never run to escape or feign death as the bear is sure to attack. The best actions are to stand, be confident and shout at the bear in a loud voice. Such actions are often successful and the bear will leave. If a bear should actually attack the best response is to deliver a blow of a hatchet on any part of the bears body. This will increase the chance of survival.

著者

江草 真治 門崎 允昭 河原 淳

出版者

森林野生動物研究会

雑誌

森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.48-49, 1991 (Released:2017-10-03)

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At about 10:30 a.m. on May 3, 1991 80 year old Mr.OOE was attacked by a sole black bear Ursus thibetanus in national forest in Togouchi, Hirosima, and injured on the left leg and right side of the head. The causes of bear attacks on humans are divided into three areas, i. e. to eat, to drive away and for sport or excitement. The motive for the attack in this incident seems either to drive the person away or to have sport with him. People entering bear habitat should carry a sound-making instrument, and a hatchet for self-protection.

著者

成田 祥夫 河原 淳

出版者

森林野生動物研究会

雑誌

森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.8-12, 1994 (Released:2017-10-03)

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At about 4:30 a.m. on August 18, 1991, Mrs. Ueda (67 years of age) was attacked by a sole black bear Ursus thibetanus on a mountain path in Kazuno, Akita. As Mrs. Ueda was taking a mountain path which is a shortcut to the field, she was suddenly attacked by the black bear and injured on the left side of her face. Two important safety factors had been overlooked. In spite of warnings of frequent sightings of bears Mrs.Ueda took the mountain path. A garbage dump, Which is known to attract bears, had been made near the field.

著者

渡辺 勢也 青木 尊之 長谷川 雄太 河原 淳 橋本 博公

出版者

日本混相流学会

雑誌

混相流 (ISSN:09142843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.55-62, 2019-03-15 (Released:2019-04-08)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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Numerical simulations are powerful tools to study tsunami impacts on building structures. We have developed a CFD code for free-surface flows interacting with floating debris by using Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM). Both methods are suitable for GPU computing and large-scale simulations because they are explicit time-integration schemes. In order to improve the accuracy and the stability of flow computation, the cumulant LBM model has been employed and coupled with the conservative Allen-Cahn equation for the purpose of free-surface capturing. A moving boundary approach based on the interpolated bounce-back scheme is utilized at liquid-solid interfaces. Rigid body dynamics of floating debris is computed by using DEM. A model constructed by multiple small spheres represents complex shapes of debris. We measure the weak scalability on multiple GPUs of the TSUBAME3.0 supercomputer, and the code achieved 83.4% parallel efficiency when scaled 16 to 256 GPUs. As a test case, we demonstrate a tsunami flow with driftwoods using 200×600×3000 lattice nodes and 24 GPUs Tesla P100, and the simulation has completed within 24 hours. The impact force of the driftwoods acting on the wall is about 15 times larger than only water. It shows that effects of driftwoods are important to evaluate the tsunami damage on building structures.

著者

平山 琢朗 大島 由子 水尾 愛 小林 朋子 坂田 金正 河原 淳 長谷川 英男 浅川 満彦

出版者

酪農学園大学

雑誌

酪農学園大学紀要. 自然科学編 (ISSN:0388001X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.15-17, 2012-10